Telefol people
| Total population | |
|---|---|
| 7,600[citation needed] 4,000[1] | |
| Regions with significant populations | |
| Languages | |
| Telefol language | |
| Religion | |
| Protestant Christianity,[citation needed] Rebaibal | |
| Related ethnic groups | |
| Falamin people, Tifalmin people, Miyanmin people, Iligimin people, Untoumin people, Urapmin people |
The Telefol people are an ethnic group in the Sandaun Province of Papua New Guinea.
History
Telefol history starts with the "Old Woman" (Afek) traveling through the land that is now the Eliptaman valley. She, as told through their creation stories, founded the Telefolip, the most sacred of Yolam Houses or Haus Tambaran in the Star Mountains Region about 300 years ago. Myth has it that there is a tunnel system between Mount Fubilan, the Yolam House at Bultem and the Telefolip exists, and that is how shell money and other valuable items came to the Telefol.[2]
The Telefol defeated the Telefol-speaking Iligimin people after the Iligimin people razed the Telefolip in the 19th century. The Telefol then proceeded to settle their lands.[3]
They then went on to defeat the Untou people, ritualistically cannibalizing the adults and absorbing the children into their group.[4]
Once the Untoumin were annihilated, the Telefolmin and Miyanmin would sometimes raid each other until the later 1950s, when pacification occurred.[5]
Culture
The Telefol were part of a ritual system encompassing all of the Min peoples.[6] They were acknowledged by the Min as being at the highest level of sacred knowledge, and groups such as the Baktaman were at the lowest level. The Telefolmins' level may have been matched by the Urapmin.[7]
The Telefol possess a ubiquitous accessory called the bilum. Young children are introduced to the skills of bilum-making.[8]
Magalim, a masalai or bush spirit of great significance to the Telefol is active at the fringes of Telefol consciousness. He is known by various names such as Aanang Kayaak, Tenum Misim, Bagan Kayaak. He is a "boss" of all things wild and of the forests.[9] Magalim takes many forms: a snake, a dog, an overly generous European, a headless European, and a four glowing-eyed Ok Tedi worker who ran speedily over the landscape [10]
Counting system
The Telefol language's base-27 counting system is mapped onto the body by counting each of the following: the left pinky to the left thumb (1–5); the wrist, lower arm, elbow, upper arm, and shoulder (6–10); the side of the neck, ear, and left eye (11–13); the nose (14); and the right eye to the right pinky (15–27; as for 1-14 but mirrored and in reverse order).[11]
See also
References
- ^ "Orientation - Telefolmin". everyculture.com. Retrieved 2014-04-05.
- ^ Jorgensen 1980
- ^ "History and cultural relations - Telefolmin". everyculture.com. Retrieved 2014-04-05.
- ^ Golub, Alex (2007). "Ironies of Organization: Landowners, Land Registration, and Papua New Guinea's Mining and Petroleum Industry". Human Organization.
- ^ Weiner, James; Glaskin, Katie, eds. (2007). Legibility and Recognition in Nenataman. epress.anu.edu.au. doi:10.22459/CLTRAPNG.06.2007. ISBN 9781921313264. Retrieved 2014-04-05.
- ^ Robbins 2004, p. 15.
- ^ Robbins 2004, p. 17.
- ^ Ingold 2000, p. 354.
- ^ Jorgensen 2002, p. 73
- ^ Jorgensen 2002; Jorgensen 2006
- ^ Telefol counting
Bibliography
- Ingold, Tim (2000). The perception of the environment. Routledge. pp. 465. ISBN 978-0-415-22831-2.
- Manderson, Lenore; Margaret Jolly (1997). Sites of desire, economies of pleasure: sexualities in Asia and the Pacific. University of Chicago Press. p. 367. ISBN 978-0-226-50304-2.
- Robbins, Joel (2004). Becoming sinners: Christianity and moral torment in a Papua New Guinea society. University of California Press. pp. 383. ISBN 978-0-520-23800-8.
- Jorgensen, Dan. 1980. "What's in a Name? The Meaning of Meaninglessness in Telefolmin." Ethos 8(4):349 - 366.
- Jorgensen, Dan. 1981. "Life on the Fringe: History and Society in Telefolmin." in ed. Robert Gordon, Plight of Peripheral People in Papua New Guinea. Volume 1: The Inland Situation. Cambridge M.A: Cultural Survival Inc.: 59 - 79.
- Jorgensen, Dan. 1990. "The Telefolip and the Architecture of Ethnic Identity in the Sepik Headwaters." in eds. Barry Craig and David Hyndman, Children of Afek: Tradition and Change Among the Mountain-Ok of Central New Guinea. Sydney: Oceania Monographs. 151 - 160.
- Jorgensen, Dan. 2002. "The Invention of Culture, Magalim and the Holy Spirit." Social Analysis 46(1):69 - 79.
- Jorgensen, Dan. 2007. "Hinterland History: The Ok Tedi Mine and its Cultural Consequences in Telefolmin." The Contemporary Pacific 18(1):11-56.