Sognamål dialect
Appearance
This article needs additional citations for verification. (August 2015) |
Sognamål dialect | |
---|---|
sognamaol | |
Region | Sogn |
Early forms | |
Latin (Norwegian alphabet) Norwegian Braille | |
Language codes | |
ISO 639-3 | – |
IETF | no-u-sd-no14 |
Sognamål (literally "Sogn language", in Sognamål; sognamaol) is a Western Norwegian dialect which is spoken in the area of Sogn. One of the most prominent features of Sognamål is the pronunciation [aʊ] instead of [ɔː] in many words, i.e. exactly how the letter "á" is pronounced in modern Icelandic. The folk/black metal band Windir from Sogndal used the dialect in their lyrics.
Phonology
Consonants
Labial | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nasal | m | n | ||||
Plosive / Affricate |
voiceless | p | t | c͡ç | k | |
voiced | b | d | ɟ͡ʝ | ɡ | ||
Fricative | voiceless | f | s | h | ||
voiced | v | |||||
Trill | r |
- /m, p, b/ are bilabial, whereas /f, v/ are labiodental.
- /p, b, t, d, k, ɡ/ are plosives, whereas /c͡ç, ɟ͡ʝ/ are affricates.[2]
- Phonetically, /r/ can be trilled [r] or tapped [ɾ].[2]
Vowels
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Sognam%C3%A5l_monophthong_chart.svg/250px-Sognam%C3%A5l_monophthong_chart.svg.png)
Front | Back | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
unrounded | rounded | |||||
short | long | short | long | short | long | |
Close | i | iː | ʊ | ʊː | ||
Mid | ɛ | eː | ø | øː | ɔ | ɔː |
Open | a | aː |
- /eː/ is close-mid front [eː]. Its short counterpart is the open-mid front [ɛ].[3]
- /ʊ, ʊː/ are close-mid [o, oː].[3]
- The long /øː/ is open-mid front [œː], whereas the short /ø/ varies between open-mid front [œ] and near-close front [ʉ̞˖].[3]
- /ɔ, ɔː/ are open-mid [ɔ, ɔː].[3]
- /a, aː/ are central [ä, äː].[3]
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Sognam%C3%A5l_diphthong_chart_-_part_1.svg/250px-Sognam%C3%A5l_diphthong_chart_-_part_1.svg.png)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Sognam%C3%A5l_diphthong_chart_-_part_2.svg/250px-Sognam%C3%A5l_diphthong_chart_-_part_2.svg.png)
Starting point | Ending point | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Front | Back | |||||
unrounded | rounded | |||||
short | long | short | long | short | long | |
Close | iʉ | iʉː | ||||
Close-mid | ei | eiː | eʉ | eʉː | ||
Open-mid | ɔi | ɔiː | øy | øyː | oʊ | oʊː |
Open | ai | aiː | aʊ | aʊː |
- /iʉ, iʉː/ are phonetically [iʉ̟, iʉ̟ː].[5]
- /ei, eiː/ are phonetically [ei, eiː].[5]
- /eʉ, eʉː/ are phonetically [eʉ̟, eʉ̟ː].[5]
- /øy, øyː/ are phonetically [œy, œyː].[5]
- /ɔi, ɔiː/ are phonetically [ɔ̟i, ɔ̟iː].[5]
- /oʊ, oʊː/ are phonetically [ɔo, ɔoː].[5]
- /ai, aiː/ are phonetically [äi, äiː].[5]
- /aʊ, aʊː/ are phonetically [äo̟, äo̟ː].[5]
References
- ^ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin; Bank, Sebastian (2022-05-24). "Older Runic". Glottolog. Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology. Archived from the original on 2022-11-13. Retrieved 2022-11-13.
- ^ a b c Haugen (2004), p. 32.
- ^ a b c d e f Haugen (2004), p. 30.
- ^ Haugen (2004), pp. 30–31.
- ^ a b c d e f g h Haugen (2004), p. 31.
Bibliography
- Haugen, Ragnhild (2004), Språk og språkhaldningar hjå ungdomar i Sogndal (PDF), Bergen: Universitetet i Bergen