Phlebopus
| Phlebopus | |
|---|---|
| |
| Phlebopus portentosus | |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Fungi |
| Division: | Basidiomycota |
| Class: | Agaricomycetes |
| Order: | Boletales |
| Family: | Boletinellaceae |
| Genus: | Phlebopus (R.Heim) Singer (1936) |
| Type species | |
| Phlebopus colossus | |
| Species | |
|
12, see text | |
| Synonyms[1] | |
| |
Phlebopus is a genus of fungi in the family Boletinellaceae (suborder Sclerodermatineae of the Boletales order).[2] The genus has a widespread distribution in subtropical and pantropical regions, and contains 12 species. The species are saprobic, with some possibly able to form mycorrhizae with exotic trees in certain conditions.[3] It contains the gigantic Phlebopus marginatus, the cap of which can reach 1 m (3.3 ft) in diameter.[4]
Taxonomy
The genus was originally described as a subgenus of Boletus by Roger Heim in 1936,[5] and raised to generic status by Rolf Singer that year.[6] It was later redescribed with another type species (Phaeogyroporus braunii) under the name Phaeogyroporus by Rolf Singer in 1944.[7] This name was used until 1981, when a specimen of Phlebopus colossus was collected and mycologist Paul Heinemann designated it as the lectotype.[8]
The genus name is derived from the Greek Φλεβο- "vein" and πους "foot".[9]
Description
Phlebopus is similar in appearance to species in the genus Gyrodon, but distinguished by its olive-brown to brown spore print, its stem which is never hollow, and its smooth spores which are brownish when viewed with a light microscope.[8]
Importance
Phlebopus tropicus has been shown to form a crust of mycelium around the roots of species of Citrus in Brazil, covering colonies of the comstock mealybug Pseudococcus comstocki which attack the roots of these plants after they have been carried there by ants (Solenopsis saevissima var. moelleri); these mycelial crusts are called "criptas" by Brazilian writers. The Pseudococcus living in symbiosis with the fungus is believed to be the immediate reason for the subsequent death of the affected trees, but the action of an endotrophic mycorrhizal fungus weakens the plant before the attack of the Pseudococcus takes place.[8]
Phlebopus portentosus and P. spongiosus are popular edible mushrooms in the cuisine of northern Thailand. They can produce fruiting bodies without a host plant, and can be therefore cultivated.[10][11][12] P. bruchii is consumed as an edible mushroom in Argentina.[13]
Species
As of February 2023[update], Index Fungorum lists the following species in Phlebopus:
| Image | Name | Taxon Author | Year |
|---|---|---|---|
_Heinem._%26_Rammeloo_926865.jpg) |
Phlebopus beniensis | (Singer & Digilio) Heinem. & Rammeloo | 1982 |
| Phlebopus brasiliensis | Singer | 1983 | |
| Phlebopus braunii | (Bres.) Heinem. | 1951 | |
| Phlebopus bruchii | (Speg.) Heinem. & Rammeloo | 1982 | |
| Phlebopus colossus | (R. Heim) Singer | 1936 | |
| Phlebopus cystidiosus | Heinem. & Rammeloo | 1982 | |
| Phlebopus harleyi | Heinem. & Rammeloo | 1982 | |
| Phlebopus latiporus | Heinem. & Rammeloo | 1982 | |
 |
Phlebopus marginatus | Watling & N.M. Greg. | 1988 |
| Phlebopus mexicanus | Cifuentes, Cappello, T.J. Baroni & B. Ortiz | 2015 | |
|
Phlebopus portentosus | (Berk. & Broome) Boedijn | 1951 |
| Phlebopus silvaticus | Heinem. | 1951 | |
| Phlebopus spongiosus | Pham & Har. Takah. | 2012 | |
 |
Phlebopus sudanicus | (Har. & Pat.) Heinem. | 1954 |
| Phlebopus tropicus | (Rick) Heinem. & Rammeloo | 1982 | |
| Phlebopus viperinus | Singer | 1947 | |
 |
Phlebopus xanthopus | T.H. Li & Watling | 1999 |
References
- ^ "Phlebopus (R. Heim) Singer 1936". MycoBank. International Mycological Association. Retrieved 2012-03-28.
- ^ Binder M, Hibbett DS (2006). "Molecular systematics and biological diversification of Boletales". Mycologia. 98 (6): 971–81. doi:10.3852/mycologia.98.6.971. PMID 17486973.
- ^ Kirk PM, Cannon PF, Minter DW, Stalpers JA (2008). Dictionary of the Fungi (10th ed.). Wallingford, UK: CAB International. p. 522. ISBN 978-0-85199-826-8.
- ^ Heinemann P, Rammeloo J (1982). "-Observations sur le genre Phlebopus (Boletineae)" [Observations on the genus Phlebopus (Boletineae)]. Mycotaxon (in French). 15 (1): 384–404. Retrieved 2010-05-18.
- ^ Heim R. (1936). "Observations sur la flore mycologique malgache. III, Trois bolets gigantesque d'Afrique et de Madagascar" [Observations on the mycological flora of Madagascar. III,. Three gigantic boletes of Africa and Madagascar]. Revue de Mycologie (in French). 1: 3–18.
- ^ Singer R. (1936). "Das System der Agaricales". Annales Mycologici (in German). 34 (4/5): 286–378.
- ^ Singer R. (1944). "New genera of fungi. I". Mycologia. 36 (4): 358–68. doi:10.2307/3754752. JSTOR 3754752.
- ^ a b c Singer R. (1986). The Agaricales in Modern Taxonomy (4th ed.). Koenigstein: Koeltz Scientific Books. pp. 744–46. ISBN 3-87429-254-1.
- ^ Liddell, Henry George & Robert Scott (1980). A Greek-English Lexicon (Abridged ed.). United Kingdom: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-910207-4.
- ^ Sanmee R, Lumyong P, Dell B, Lumyong S (2010). "In vitro cultivation and fruit body formation of the black bolete, Phlebopus portentosus, a popular edible ectomycorrhizal fungus in Thailand". Mycoscience. 51 (1): 15–22. doi:10.1007/s10267-009-0010-6. S2CID 85746875.
- ^ Kumla, Jaturong; Suwannarach, Nakarin; Lumyong, Saisamorn (2022-01-03). "Cultivation of Edible Tropical Bolete, Phlebopus spongiosus, in Thailand and Yield Improvement by High-Voltage Pulsed Stimulation". Agronomy. 12 (1): 115. doi:10.3390/agronomy12010115. ISSN 2073-4395.
- ^ Kumla, Jaturong; Danell, Eric; Lumyong, Saisamorn (2015-01-01). "Improvement of yield for a tropical black bolete, Phlebopus portentosus, cultivation in northern Thailand". Mycoscience. 56 (1): 114–117. doi:10.1016/j.myc.2014.04.005. ISSN 1340-3540.
- ^ Deschamps J, Moreno G (1999). "Phlebopus bruchii (Boletales): An edible fungus from Argentina with possible commercial value". Mycotaxon. 72: 205–13. Retrieved 2010-05-18.