List of tankers
 | This article needs additional citations for verification. (September 2014) |
This is a list of tankers. The list includes merchant tankers as well as naval tankers that do not fall into more specialized lists such as List of replenishment ships of the Royal Fleet Auxiliary and List of Type T2 Tanker names.
Crude oil tankers
| Vessel Name | Operator | IMO Number | Ship Type | Country | DWT | Year |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ALICE[1] | 9709087 | Crude Oil Tanker |  Belgium
|
299982 | 2016 | |
| ANTONIS I.ANGELICOUS[2] | 9930777 | Crude Oil Tanker |  Greece
|
165054 | 2023 | |
| DALIAN[3] | 9595228 | Crude Oil Tanker |  United States
|
299981 | 2013 | |
| DELTA AIGAIGON[4] | 9516923 | Crude Oil Tanker | United States
|
319725 | 2014 | |
| DELTA AMAZON[5] | 9748916 | Crude Oil Tanker | United States
|
319896 | 2015 | |
| DELTA APOLLONIA[6] | 9516935 | Crude Oil Tanker | United States
|
319725 | 2015 | |
| E140 | Not In Service | 9169615 | Crude Oil Tanker |  United Kingdom
|
153617 | 1999 |
| EAGLE HALIFAX | 9453987 | Crude Oil Tanker | United Kingdom
|
114062 | 2010 | |
| EAGLE HANOVER | 9398723 | Crude Oil Tanker | United Kingdom
|
114014 | 2010 | |
| EAGLE HATTERAS | 9453975 | Crude Oil Tanker | United Kingdom
|
114028 | 2010 | |
| EAGLE HELSINKI | 9453963 | Crude Oil Tanker | United Kingdom
|
114165 | 2010 | |
| EAGLE HYDRA | 9453999 | Crude Oil Tanker | United Kingdom
|
113968 | 2011 | |
| EAGLE HAMILTON | 9426207 | Crude Oil Tanker | United Kingdom
|
114022 | 2010 | |
| ECO BEL AIR | Top Ships Inc. | 9794056 | Crude Oil Tanker | United States
|
157286 | 2021 |
| ECO BEVERLY HILLS | Top Ships Inc. | Crude Oil Tanker | United States
|
157286 | 2019 | |
| ECO JOSHUA PARK | Top Ships Inc. | Product and Chemical Tanker Fleet | United States
|
50000 | 2019 | |
| ECO MALIBU | Top Ships Inc. | 9902823 | Crude Oil Tanker | United States
|
157286 | 2020 |
| ECO MARINA DEL REY | Top Ships Inc. | Medium Range Products (MR2) Tanker | United States
|
50267 | 2021 | |
| ECO OCEANO CA | Top Ships Inc. | 9794020 | Crude Oil Tanker | United States
|
157286 | 2019 |
| ECO YOSEMITE PARK | Top Ships Inc. | Supertanker | United States
|
50000 | 2020 | |
| ECO WEST COAST | Top Ships Inc. | 9902811 | Crude Oil Tanker | United States
|
157286 | 2021 |
| ENERGY CENTAUR | Crude Oil Tanker | United Kingdom
|
74995 | 2008 | ||
| JULIUS CESAR | Top Ships Inc. | Supertanker | United States
|
300000 | 2022 | |
| HELLESPONT PROMISE | 9351438 | Crude Oil Tanker | United Kingdom
|
73669 | 2007 | |
| HELLESPONT PRIDE | 9351414 | Crude Oil Tanker | United Kingdom
|
73727 | 2006 | |
| HELLESPONT PROGRESS | 9351426 | Crude Oil Tanker | United Kingdom
|
73727 | 2006 | |
| HELLESPONT PROTECTOR | 9351452 | Crude Oil Tanker | United Kingdom
|
73821 | 2007 | |
| KMARIN REGARD | 9683063 | Crude Oil Tanker | United Kingdom
|
109543 | 2016 | |
| KMARIN RELIANCE | 9683025 | Crude Oil Tanker | United Kingdom
|
109466 | 2016 | |
| KMARIN REASON | 9683087 | vCrude Oil Tanker | United Kingdom
|
109483 | 2017 | |
| KMARIN RENOWN | 9683013 | Crude Oil Tanker | United Kingdom
|
109693 | 2016 | |
| KHARIM RIGOUR | 9683049 | Crude Oil Tanker | United Kingdom
|
109475 | 2016 | |
| KHARIM RESOLUTION | 9683051 | Crude Oil Tanker | United Kingdom
|
109484 | 2016 | |
| KMARIN RESOURCE | 9683037 | Crude Oil Tanker | United Kingdom
|
109484 | 2016 | |
| KMARIN RESTRAINT | 9683075 | Crude Oil Tanker | United Kingdom
|
109526 | 2017 | |
| KMARIN RESPECT | 9683001 | Crude Oil Tanker | United Kingdom
|
109584 | 2016 | |
| LEGIO X EQUESTRIS | Top Ships Inc. | Supertanker | United States
|
300000 | 2022 | |
| MAGIC ARGO[7] | Castor Maritime | 9340544 | Bulk Carrier | United States
|
82338 | 2009 |
| MAGIC CALLISTO[8] | Castor Maritime | 9641704 | Bulk Carrier | United States
|
74930 | 2012 |
| MAGIC ECLIPSE[9] | Castor Maritime | 9597331 | Bulk Carrier | United States
|
74940 | 2011 |
| MAGIC HORIZON[10] | Castor Maritime | 9553062 | Bulk Carrier | United States
|
76619 | 2010 |
| MAGIC MARS[11] | Castor Maritime | 9691400 | Bulk Carrier | United States
|
76822 | 2014 |
| MAGIC MOON[12] | Castor Maritime | 9336036 | Bulk Carrier | United States
|
76602 | 2005 |
| MAGIC NEBULA[13] | Castor Maritime | 9471264 | Bulk Carrier | United States
|
80281 | 2010 |
| MAGIC NOVA[14] | Castor Maritime | 9425679 | Bulk Carrier | United States
|
78833 | 2010 |
| MAGIC ORION[15] | Castor Maritime | 9346330 | Bulk Carrier | United States
|
180200 | 2006 |
| MAGIC P[16] | Castor Maritime | 9288447 | Bulk Carrier | United States
|
76453 | 2004 |
| MAGIC PERSEUS[17] | Castor Maritime | 9582477 | Bulk Carrier | United States
|
82158 | 2013 |
| MAGIC PLUTO[18] | Castor Maritime | 9651280 | Bulk Carrier | United States
|
74940 | 2013 |
| MAGIC STARLIGHT[19] | Castor Maritime | 9687710 | Bulk Carrier | United States
|
80283 | 2015 |
| MAGIC THUNDER[20] | Castor Maritime | 9442407 | Bulk Carrier | United States
|
83375 | 2011 |
| MAGIC VENUS[21] | Castor Maritime | 9442380 | Bulk Carrier | United States
|
83416 | 2010 |
| MAGIC VELA[22] | Castor Maritime | 9473327 | Bulk Carrier | United States
|
75003 | 2011 |
| MARAN AJAX[23] | 9790270 | Crude Oil Tanker | Greece
|
319398 | 2017 | |
| MARAN ANTARES[24] | 9581203 | Crude Oil Tanker | Greece
|
299997 | 2012 | |
| MARAN ANTIOPE[25] | 9901348 | Crude Oil Tanker | Greece
|
319398 | 2017 | |
| MARAN APHRODITE | 9810381 | Crude Oil Tanker | Greece
|
319398 | 2018 | |
| MARAN APOLLO | 9752993 | Crude Oil Tanker | Greece
|
319398 | 2016 | |
| MARAN ARCTURUS | 9588299 | Crude Oil Tanker | Greece
|
317053 | 2010 | |
| MARAN ARES | 9796872 | Crude Oil Tanker | Greece
|
319398 | 2017 | |
| MARAN ARETE | 9776547 | Crude Oil Tanker | Greece
|
319398 | 2016 | |
| MARAN ARIES | Crude Oil Tanker | Greece
|
320871 | 2006 | ||
| MARAN ARTEMIS | Crude Oil Tanker | Greece
|
319398 | 2016 | ||
| MARAN ATALANTA | Crude Oil Tanker | Greece
|
319398 | 2018 | ||
| MARAN LEO | Crude Oil Tanker | Greece
|
319450 | 2014 | ||
| MARAN LYNX | Crude Oil Tanker | Greece
|
318833 | 2011 | ||
| MARAN LUPUS | 9418066 | Crude Oil Tanker | Greece
|
318080 | 2023 | |
| MARAN DANAE | 9930791 | Crude Oil Tanker | Greece
|
320917 | 2023 | |
| MARAN DIONE | 9930806 | Crude Oil Tanker | Greece
|
320916 | 2023 | |
| MARAN HELEN | Crude Oil Tanker | Greece
|
156458 | 2017 | ||
| MARAN HELIOUS | Crude Oil Tanker | Greece
|
156458 | 2017 | ||
| MARAN HERCULES | Crude Oil Tanker | Greece
|
156458 | 2017 | ||
| MARAN HERMES | Crude Oil Tanker | Greece
|
156458 | 2017 | ||
| MARAN HERMOINE | Crude Oil Tanker | Greece
|
156458 | 2017 | ||
| MARAN HOMER | Crude Oil Tanker | Greece
|
156458 | 2017 | ||
| MARAN LEO | Crude Oil Tanker | Greece
|
319450 | 2014 | ||
| MARAN LIBRA | Crude Oil Tanker | Greece
|
319431 | 2014 | ||
| MARAN LUPUS | Crude Oil Tanker | Greece
|
318080 | 2009 | ||
| MARAN LYNX | Crude Oil Tanker | Greece
|
318833 | 2011 | ||
| MARAN LYRA | Crude Oil Tanker | Greece
|
317924 | 2010 | ||
| MARAN MIRA | Crude Oil Tanker | Greece
|
299995 | 2020 | ||
| MARAN ORPHEUS | Crude Oil Tanker | Greece
|
157946 | 2020 | ||
| MARAN PENELOPE | Crude Oil Tanker | Greece
|
158266 | 2009 | ||
| MARAN PHOEBE | Crude Oil Tanker | Greece
|
157946 | 2020 | ||
| MARAN PLATO | Crude Oil Tanker | Greece
|
158267 | 2009 | ||
| MARAN POSEIDON | Crude Oil Tanker | Greece
|
158267 | 2010 | ||
| MARAN PYTHIA | Crude Oil Tanker | Greece
|
158266 | 2009 | ||
| MARAN SOLON | Crude Oil Tanker | Greece
|
157947 | 2021 | ||
| MARAN TAURUS | Crude Oil Tanker | Greece
|
321052 | 2011 | ||
| MARAN THALEIA | Crude Oil Tanker | Greece
|
321225 | 2011 | ||
| MARAN THETIS | Crude Oil Tanker | Greece
|
320105 | 2012 | ||
| MILTIADIS JUNIOR | 9693745 | Crude Oil Tanker | United States
|
320926 | 2014 | |
| OCEANS | Crude Oil Tanker | Greece
|
320780 | 2011 | ||
| OCEANIC FORTUNE | 9424209 | Crude Oil Tanker | United States
|
320054 | 2010 | |
| OLYMPIC TARGET | Crude Oil Tanker | Greece
|
319861 | 2011 | ||
| OLYMPIC TRUST | Crude Oil Tanker | United States
|
319616 | 2010 | ||
| OLYMPIC LEOPARD | Crude Oil Tanker | Greece
|
319368 | 2011 | ||
| OLYMPIC LION | 9445459 | Crude Oil Tanker | United States
|
319540 | 2010 | |
| OLYMPIC TROPHY | Crude Oil Tanker | Greece
|
320159 | 2010 | ||
| OLYMPIC LUCK | Crude Oil Tanker | Greece
|
319106 | 2010 | ||
| XING YE | 9590058 | Crude Oil Tanker |  China
|
320557 | 2014 | |
| YONG LE | 9623257 | Crude Oil Tanker | China
|
320775 | 2014 | |
| YUAN FU WANG | 9843314 | Crude Oil Tanker | China
|
319668 | 2021 | |
| YUAN HUA YANG | 9843297 | Crude Oil Tanker | China
|
319786 | 2020 | |
| YUAN GUI YANG | 9590058 | Crude Oil Tanker | China
|
319702 | 2020 | |
| YUAN RUI YANG | 9843326 | Crude Oil Tanker | China
|
318451 | 2022 |
Supertankers
| Operator | Origins | Class or name | Builder | Type | Year Built | DWT | Year of Retirement | Fate |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Euronav NV | Belgium
|
HELLESPONT FAIRFAX | Daewoo Shipbuilding and Marine Engineering | Supertanker | 2002 | still active | ||
| Overseas Shipping Group | United States
|
TI class supertankers/TI Asia, formerly Hellespont Alhambra | Daewoo Shipbuilding and Marine Engineering | Supertanker | 2002 | 2009 | converted to FSO | |
| United States
|
TI class supertankers/TI Africa, formerly Hellespont Metropolis | Daewoo Shipbuilding and Marine Engineering | Supertanker | 2002 | 2010 | converted to FSO | ||
| Maersk Line | United States
|
Maersk Peary | STX Offshore & Shipbuilding | polar tanker | 2004 | still active | ||
| Exxon |  Panama
|
Exxon Valdez | National Steel and Shipbuilding Company | Supertanker | 1986 | converted to ore carrier and renamed Dong Fang Ocean | ||
| BP | United Kingdom
|
P-Class | Samsung Heavy Industries | Very Large Crude Carriers (VLCC) | 1999-2000 | still active - 4 vessels in class | ||
| BP | United Kingdom
|
Tree Class | Tsuneishi Shipbuilding Co. | Aframax | 2002-2004 | still active - 8 vessels in class | ||
| BP | United Kingdom
|
Bird Class | Samsung Heavy Industries | Aframax | 2003-2006 | still active - 12 vessels in class | ||
| BP | United Kingdom
|
E-Class | Hyundai Mipo Dockyard | medium range products tanker | 2003-2007 | still active - 5 vessels in class | ||
| BP | United Kingdom
|
Virtue Class | Hyundai Mipo Dockyard | large range product tanker | 2004-2005 | still active - 12 vessels in class | ||
| BP | United Kingdom
|
C- Class | Mitsubishi Heavy Industries | liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) carrier | 2006-2007 | still active - 4 vessels in class | ||
| BP | United Kingdom
|
Trader Class | Samsung Heavy Industries | LNG carrier | 2002-2003 | still active - 3 vessels in class | ||
| BP | United Kingdom
|
GEM Class | Hyundai Heavy Industries | LNG carrier | 2007-2008 | still active - 4 vessels in class | ||
| Wilhelmsen Lines[26] | Singapore | LPG Gas Carriers/LPG/C Ayame,[27] | Mitsubishi Heavy Industries | LPG gas carrier | 2010 | still active | ||
| OOCL |  Liberia
|
Seawise Giant; later Knock Nevis, Jahre Viking, Happy Giant | Sumitomo Heavy Industries, Ltd. | Supertanker | 1981 | 2009 | scrapped in Alang, India | |
 France
|
Prairial; renamed Hellas Fos, renamed Sea Giant | Chantiers de l'Atlantique/Alstom Marine | Supertanker | 1979 | 2003 | scrapped in Pakistan | ||
| France
|
Batillus class supertankers/Pierre Guillaumat; renamed Ulsan Master | Chantiers de l'Atlantique/Alstom Marine | Supertanker | 1977 | 1983 | scrapped in Ulsan, South Korea | ||
| Esso International Shipping (Bahamas) Co Ltd, Nassau |  Bahamas Greece
|
Esso Atlantic; renamed Kapetan Giannis | Hitachi Zosen | Supertanker | 1977 | 1990 | scrapped in Pakistan 2002 | |
| Esso Eastern Marine Ltd., Bermuda and Ceres Hellenic Shipping Enterprises Inc |  Bermuda, Greece
|
Esso Pacific; renamed Kapetan Michalis | Hitachi Zosen | Supertanker | 1977 | 1990 | scrapped in Pakistan 2002 | |
| Nav Alta Italia |  Italy
|
Ultra Large Crude Carrier/Nai Superba | Eriksbergs Mekaniska Verkstad | Supertanker | 1978 | 2000 | scrapped in Chittagong Roads, Bangladesh | |
| Nav Alta Italia | Italy
|
Ultra Large Crude Carrier/Nai Genova | Eriksbergs Mekaniska Verkstad | Supertanker | 1978 | 2000 | scrapped in Alang, India | |
| Société Maritime Shell France | France
|
Batillus class supertankers/Batillus | Chantiers de l'Atlantique/Alstom Marine | Supertanker | 1976 | 1985 | scrapped in Kaohsiung, Taiwan | |
| Zenit Tank AB |  Sweden
|
Ultra Large Crude Carrier/T/T Nanny | Uddevallavarvet | Supertanker | 1978 | 2003 | scrapped in Jiangyin, China | |
| Saléninvest AB | Sweden
|
Ultra Large Crude Carrier/T/T Sea Saga | Kockums | Supertanker | 1977 | 2003 | scrapped in China | |
| Saléninvest, Sweden | Sweden
|
Ultra Large Crude Carrier/Sea Serenade | Kockums | Supertanker | 1976 | 1984 | decommissioned after hit by Iraqi rockets in the Gulf of Persia; aft was complete burnt out; scrapped in Kaohsiung, Taiwan | |
| Salénrederierna, Sweden | Sweden
|
Ultra Large Crude Carrier/Sea Symphony | Kockums | Supertanker | 1975 | 2002 | scrapped in Bangladesh | |
| Saléninvest, Sweden | Sweden
|
Ultra Large Crude Carrier/Sea Song | Kockums | Supertanker | 1977 | converted to FPSO named Kome Kribi 1 | ||
| Salénrederierna, Sweden | Sweden
|
Ultra Large Crude Carrier/Sea Saint | Kockums | Supertanker | 1974 | converted to FPSO named Fluminense. Two active in a series of six. | ||
| Rederi AB Malmoil | Sweden
|
Ultra Large Crude Carrier/Sea Scape | Kockums | Supertanker | 1975 | 2002 | scrapped in Xinhui, China | |
| Sture Ödner, Sweden | Sweden
|
Ultra Large Crude Carrier/Sea Stratus | Kockums | Supertanker | 1975 | 2000 | scrapped in Alang, India | |
| Société Maritime Shell France | France
|
Batillus class supertankers/Bellamya | Chantiers de l'Atlantique/Alstom Marine | Supertanker | 1976 | 1986 | scrapped in Ulsan, South Korea | |
| Barracuda Tanker Corporation | United States/ United Kingdom
|
Torrey Canyon | Newport News Shipbuilding | Supertanker | 1960? | 1967 | wrecked | |
| Varun Shipping Company Pvt Ltd[28] |  India
|
LPG Gas Carriers/LPG/C Maharshi Shubhatreya, formerly LPG/C Libin[29] | Mitsubishi Heavy Industries | LPG gas carrier | 1982 | still active | ||
| Varun Shipping Company Pvt Ltd[28] | India
|
LPG Gas Carriers/LPG/C Maharshi Bhardwaj, formerly LPG/C Nordanger[30] | Hyundai Heavy Industries | LPG gas carrier | 1992 | still active | ||
| Varun Shipping Company Pvt Ltd[28] | India
|
LPG Gas Carriers/LPG/C Maharshi Labhatreya, formerly LPG/C Hector[31] | Moss Verft[32] | LPG gas garrier | 1984 [32] | sold to Mount Risho Investments for $12 mill for storage project in Africa[33] |
- Former supertankers converted into Mercy class hospital ships
- USNS Mercy, formerly SS Worth
- USNS Comfort, formerly SS Rose City (MA-301)
Others
References
- ^ "ALICE, Crude Oil Tanker - Details and current position - IMO 9709087 - VesselFinder". www.vesselfinder.com. Retrieved 2023-11-27.
- ^ "ANTONIS I.ANGELICOUS, Crude Oil Tanker - Details and current position - IMO 9930777 - VesselFinder". www.vesselfinder.com. Retrieved 2023-11-27.
- ^ "DALIAN, Crude Oil Tanker - Details and current position - IMO 9595228 - VesselFinder". www.vesselfinder.com. Retrieved 2023-11-27.
- ^ "DELTA AIGAION, Crude Oil Tanker - Details and current position - IMO 9516923 - VesselFinder". www.vesselfinder.com. Retrieved 2023-11-27.
- ^ "DELTA AMAZON, Crude Oil Tanker - Details and current position - IMO 9748916 - VesselFinder". www.vesselfinder.com. Retrieved 2023-11-27.
- ^ "DELTA APOLLONIA, Crude Oil Tanker - Details and current position - IMO 9516935 - VesselFinder". www.vesselfinder.com. Retrieved 2023-11-27.
- ^ "MAGIC ARGO photo, Bulk Carrier - Taken on Jul 6, 2012 - VesselFinder". www.vesselfinder.com. Retrieved 2023-12-14.
- ^ "MAGIC CALLISTO, Bulk Carrier - Details and current position - IMO 9641704 - VesselFinder". www.vesselfinder.com. Retrieved 2023-12-14.
- ^ "MAGIC ECLIPSE photo, Bulk Carrier - Taken on Mar 6, 2022 - VesselFinder". www.vesselfinder.com. Retrieved 2023-12-14.
- ^ "MAGIC HORIZON, Bulk Carrier - Details and current position - IMO 9553062 - VesselFinder". www.vesselfinder.com. Retrieved 2023-12-14.
- ^ "MAGIC MARS photo, Bulk Carrier - Taken on Feb 6, 2022 - VesselFinder". www.vesselfinder.com. Retrieved 2023-12-14.
- ^ "MAGIC MOON, Bulk Carrier - Details and current position - IMO 9336036 - VesselFinder". www.vesselfinder.com. Retrieved 2023-12-14.
- ^ "MAGIC NEBULA, Bulk Carrier - Details and current position - IMO 9471264 - VesselFinder". www.vesselfinder.com. Retrieved 2023-12-14.
- ^ "MAGIC NOVA, Bulk Carrier - Details and current position - IMO 9425679 - VesselFinder". www.vesselfinder.com. Retrieved 2023-12-14.
- ^ "MAGIC ORION, Bulk Carrier - Details and current position - IMO 9346330 - VesselFinder". www.vesselfinder.com. Retrieved 2023-12-14.
- ^ "MAGIC P, Bulk Carrier - Details and current position - IMO 9288447 - VesselFinder". www.vesselfinder.com. Retrieved 2023-12-14.
- ^ "MAGIC PERSEUS, Bulk Carrier - Details and current position - IMO 9582477 - VesselFinder". www.vesselfinder.com. Retrieved 2023-12-14.
- ^ "MAGIC PLUTO, Bulk Carrier - Details and current position - IMO 9651280 - VesselFinder". www.vesselfinder.com. Retrieved 2023-12-14.
- ^ "MAGIC STARLIGHT, Bulk Carrier - Details and current position - IMO 9687710 - VesselFinder". www.vesselfinder.com. Retrieved 2023-12-14.
- ^ "MAGIC THUNDER, Bulk Carrier - Details and current position - IMO 9442407 - VesselFinder". www.vesselfinder.com. Retrieved 2023-12-14.
- ^ "MAGIC VENUS photo, Bulk Carrier - Taken on Jun 17, 2016 - VesselFinder". www.vesselfinder.com. Retrieved 2023-12-14.
- ^ "MAGIC VELA, Bulk Carrier - Details and current position - IMO 9473327 - VesselFinder". www.vesselfinder.com. Retrieved 2023-12-14.
- ^ "MARAN AJAX, Crude Oil Tanker - Details and current position - IMO 9790270 - VesselFinder". www.vesselfinder.com. Retrieved 2023-11-27.
- ^ "MARAN ANTARES, Crude Oil Tanker - Details and current position - IMO 9581203 - VesselFinder". www.vesselfinder.com. Retrieved 2023-11-27.
- ^ "MARAN ANTIOPE, Crude Oil Tanker - Details and current position - IMO 9901348 - VesselFinder". www.vesselfinder.com. Retrieved 2023-11-27.
- ^ "Wilhelmsen Ship Management". Archived from the original on 2012-05-31. Retrieved 2012-06-08.
- ^ "New vessel on management LPG/C Ayame". Archived from the original on 2013-06-27. Retrieved 2012-08-29.
- ^ a b c "Varunship.com". www70.varunship.com.
- ^ "Varunship.com". www70.varunship.com.
- ^ "Varunship.com". www70.varunship.com.
- ^ "Varunship.com". www70.varunship.com.
- ^ a b "DNV GL Portal - MAHARSHI SHIVATREYA - Yard". Archived from the original on 2016-03-04. Retrieved 2015-08-24.
- ^ "LION SHIPBROKERS WEEKLY REPORT-WEEK 8_ship sales market, ship purchas…". Archived from the original on 2013-01-22. Retrieved 2012-06-08.
