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Expedition 63

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Expedition 63
Promotional Poster (without Demo-2 crew)
Mission typeLong-duration expedition
Mission duration187 days, 21 hours and 38 minutes
Expedition
Space stationInternational Space Station
Began17 April 2020, 01:53:30 UTC[1]
Ended21 October 2020, 23:32:09 UTC[2][1]
Arrived aboardSoyuz MS-16
Crew Dragon Demo-2
Soyuz MS-17
Departed aboardSoyuz MS-16
Crew Dragon Demo-2
Crew
Crew size3-6 (cumulative total: 8)
Members
EVAs4[1]
EVA duration23 hours 37 minutes

Expedition 63 mission patch

Up: Roscosmos cosmonaut Anatoli Ivanishin, NASA astronaut Chris Cassidy, Roscosmos cosmonaut Ivan Vagner (Soyuz MS-16), and down: NASA astronauts Doug Hurley and Bob Behnken
(Crew Dragon Demo-2)

Expedition 63 was the 63rd long duration mission to the International Space Station, which began on 17 April 2020 with the undocking of the Soyuz MS-15 spacecraft and continued until the undocking of the Soyuz MS-16 spacecraft on 21 October 2020, an unusual double-length expedition increment.[3] The expedition initially consisted of American commander Chris Cassidy, as well as Russian flight engineers Anatoli Ivanishin and Ivan Vagner.[4] On 31 May 2020, the Expedition welcomed the crew of Crew Dragon Demo-2, the first crewed flight of SpaceX's Crew Dragon spacecraft, named Endeavour after the eponymous Space Shuttle vehicle. The mission's two crew members Doug Hurley and Bob Behnken undocked from the International Space Station on 1 August 2020[5] to help bolster research on the station and participate in several spacewalks outside of the station.[6][7]

Crew

Flight Astronaut First part
(17 April – 31 May 2020) 		Second part
(31 May – 1 August 2020) 		Third part
(1 August – 14 October 2020) 		Fourth part
(14–21 October 2020)
Soyuz MS-16 Russia Anatoli Ivanishin, Roscosmos
Third and last spaceflight 		Flight Engineer
Russia Ivan Vagner, Roscosmos
First spaceflight 		Flight Engineer
United States Chris Cassidy, NASA
Third and last spaceflight 		Commander
SpaceX Demo-2 United States Doug Hurley, NASA
Third and last spaceflight 		Off Station Flight Engineer Off Station
United States Bob Behnken, NASA
Third and last spaceflight 		Off Station Flight Engineer Off Station
Soyuz MS-17 Russia Sergey Ryzhikov, Roscosmos
Second spaceflight 		Off Station Flight Engineer
Russia Sergey Kud-Sverchkov, Roscosmos
First spaceflight 		Off Station Flight Engineer
United States Kathleen Rubins, NASA
Second spaceflight 		Off Station Flight Engineer

[8][9][10]

Crewed test flight

Bob Behnken enters the ISS shortly after the Crew Dragon hatch opened.
Mission Astronauts Docking (UTC) Undocking (UTC) Duration
Crew Dragon Demo-2 United States Douglas Hurley, NASA
United States Robert Behnken, NASA 		31 May 2020
14:27 (hard docking)[11] 		1 August 2020
23:35 [12] 		64 days
SpaceX spacecraft C206, later named Endeavour in honor of the Space Shuttle orbiter that replaced the Space Shuttle Challenger, which was destroyed in 1986,[13] launched to the station on 30 May 2020 and docked to the station approximately 19 hours later. The flight marks the first crewed test flight of SpaceX's Crew Dragon spacecraft and the first crewed spaceflight to launch from the United States since STS-135 in July 2011. The flight was originally planned as a short two-week test flight, but was extended due to delays. Crew members Doug Hurley and Bob Behnken stayed aboard the station for approximately two months. Final mission duration depended on the readiness of Crew-1, which could launch approximately three months after the landing of Demo-2 and join either Expedition 63 or Expedition 64, and has launched in November 2020.[14][15][16][17]

Extravehicular activity

The Expedition 62 and 63 crews pose together moments after Oleg Skripochka handed over ISS command to Chris Cassidy.
On 26 June 2020, spacewalkers Behnken and Cassidy completed the first of four scheduled spacewalks.

Since delays to the NASA Commercial Crew Program could have left Cassidy as the only crew member on the US Orbital Segment (USOS) for an extended period of time, Anatoli Ivanishin carried out training on American Extravehicular Mobility Unit (EMU) spacesuits. In the unlikely event that an unscheduled EVA had to take place before any more USOS crew members arrived on the station, if Ivanishin had taken part in an EVA in the EMU, he would have been the first Russian cosmonaut to use an EMU since Yuri Malenchenko (who performed the EVA with NASA Astronaut Peggy Whitson) during Expedition 16 in 2007.[18] For the same reason, Vagner has had to train on the USOS Robotic Arm (Canadarm2) in order to robotically support any spacewalk carried out by Cassidy and Ivanishin. With the flight of Crew Dragon Demo-2 being extended to approximately 65 days, NASA astronauts Doug Hurley and Bob Behnken were trained to carry out any EVAs alongside Cassidy if the need arose. During any excursions, Cassidy and Behnken would perform the EVAs with Hurley supporting the spacewalk robotically from inside the station.[19]

Several spacewalks were planned to carry out work on the scientific and power systems on the ISS. This includes work activating the Bartolomeo scientific package located on the outside of the Columbus laboratory module, which was delivered on CRS-20 earlier in the year.[20] NASA revealed on 19 May 2020 that with Demo-2 plans solidified, they were now planning as many as five EVAs by Cassidy and Behnken to install Bartolomeo and replace the remaining nickel-hydrogen batteries on the S6 Truss with new lithium-ion batteries.[21]

On 26 June 2020, Expedition 63's first spacewalk, American spacewalk 65, began at 11:32 UTC with Cassidy and Behnken. The two NASA astronauts concluded their spacewalk at 17:39 UTC, after six hours and seven minutes. The two NASA astronauts completed all the work planned for this first of four spacewalks: to replace batteries that provide power for the station's solar arrays on the starboard truss of the complex, as well as initial tasks originally planned for the second scheduled spacewalk on 1 July 2020. The new batteries provide an improved and more efficient power capacity for operations. The spacewalkers removed five of six aging nickel-hydrogen batteries for one of two power channels for the starboard 6 (S6) truss, installed two of three new lithium-ion batteries, and installed two of three associated adapter plates that are used to complete the power circuit to the new batteries. Mission control reports that the two new batteries are working.[22]

On 1 July 2020, American spacewalk 66 began at 11:13 UTC with astronauts Cassidy and Behnken. The two NASA astronauts concluded their spacewalk at 17:14 UTC, after six hours and one minute. The two NASA astronauts completed half the work to upgrade the batteries that provide power for one channel on one pair of the station's solar arrays. They moved and connected one new lithium-ion battery to complete the circuit to the new battery and relocated one nickel-hydrogen battery to an external platform for future disposal. They also loosened the bolts on nickel-hydrogen batteries that will be replaced to complete the power capability upgrade on the far starboard truss and complete the station's battery replacement work that began in January 2017.[23]

On 16 July 2020, American spacewalk 67 began at 11:10 UTC with astronauts Cassidy and Behnken. The two NASA astronauts concluded their spacewalk at 17:10 UTC, after six hours. The two NASA astronauts completed all the work to replace batteries that provide power for the station’s solar arrays on the starboard truss of the complex. They removed six aging nickel-hydrogen batteries for the second of two power channels for the starboard 6 (S6) truss, installed three new lithium-ion batteries, and installed the three associated adapter plates that are used to complete the power circuit to the new batteries. The work nearly completes a 3.5-year effort to upgrade the International Space Station’s power system. At completion, 24 new lithium-ion batteries and adapter plates will replace 48 aging nickel-hydrogen batteries. In April 2019, one of the newly installed lithium-ion batteries on the near port truss blew a fuse, so two nickel-hydrogen batteries were re-installed to take its place. A new replacement lithium-ion battery arrived to the space station in January 2020 aboard the SpaceX Dragon on its 19th commercial resupply services mission and is stowed on the station’s truss until it can be installed during a future spacewalk later this year.[24]

On 21 July 2020, American spacewalk 68 began at 11:12 UTC with astronauts Cassidy and Behnken. The two NASA astronauts concluded their spacewalk at 16:41 UTC, after five hours and 29 minutes. The two NASA astronauts installed a protective storage unit that includes two Robotic External Leak Locator (RELL) units the Canadian Space Agency’s Dextre robot can use to detect leaks of ammonia, which is used to operate the station’s cooling system. Behnken and Cassidy then removed two lifting fixtures at the base of station solar arrays on the near port truss, or backbone, of the station. The “H-fixtures” were used for ground processing of the solar arrays prior to their launch. They then completed tasks to prepare the outside of the Tranquility module for the arrival later this year of the Nanoracks commercial airlock on a SpaceX cargo delivery mission. After its installation, the airlock will enable be used to deploy commercial and government-sponsored experiments into space. They also routed Ethernet cables and removed a lens filter cover from an external camera. This was the 10th spacewalk for each astronaut, tying them with Michael Lopez-Alegria and Peggy Whitson as the only other U.S. astronauts to complete 10 spacewalks. Behnken has now spent a total of 61 hours and 10 minutes spacewalking, which makes him the U.S. astronaut with the third most total time spacewalking, behind Lopez-Alegria and Andrew Feustel, and the fourth most overall. Cassidy now has spent a total of 54 hours and 51 minutes spacewalking and is ninth on the worldwide list for total time spacewalking. Space station crew members have conducted 231 spacewalks in support of assembly and maintenance of the orbiting laboratory. Spacewalkers have now spent a total of 60 days, 12 hours, and 3 minutes working outside the station.[25]

Cubesat

On 13 July 2020, the Kibo Remote Manipulator System (RMS) removed the Nanoracks NRCSD-18 deployer from the Kibō airlock. The deployer ejected the DemMi (1998-067RP) cubesat at 13:40:25 UTC and the TechEdSat-10 (1998-067RQ) cubesat at 16:55:25 UTC. DeMi (Deformable Mirror experiment) is a 6U cubesat for DARPA and Aurora Flight Sciences. TechEdSat-10 is a 6U cubesat for Ames Research Center of the NASA and San Jose State University to test controlled reentry technology.[26]

References

  1. ^ a b c "ISS Expedition 63". spacefacts.de. 1 May 2021. Retrieved 6 November 2021.
  2. ^ "Expedition 63 Mission Summary" (PDF). nasa.gov. Retrieved 18 August 2020. Public Domain This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
  3. ^ "Increment 63" (in Japanese). JAXA. 10 April 2020. Retrieved 10 April 2020.
  4. ^ Potter, Sean (30 October 2019). "NASA Assigns Chris Cassidy to Next Space Station Crew, Holds Briefing". NASA. Public Domain This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
  5. ^ Fisher, Christine (17 July 2020). "NASA SpaceX Crew Dragon Demo-2 astronauts will return to Earth on August 2". Engadget.
  6. ^ Groh, Jamie (19 March 2020). "SpaceX, NASA ready for first crewed launch from US soil in almost a decade".
  7. ^ Clark, Stephen (17 April 2020). "NASA, SpaceX set May 27 as target date for first crew launch". Spaceflight Now. Retrieved 17 April 2020.
  8. ^ "Flight crew assignments". forum.nasaspaceflight.com.
  9. ^ "Роскосмос подтвердил подписание контракта на доставку астронавта NASA на корабле "Союз"".
  10. ^ Garcia, Mark (31 May 2020). "Station Welcomes First SpaceX Crew Dragon with Astronauts". nasa.gov. NASA. Archived from the original on 5 January 2022. Retrieved 1 June 2020. Public Domain This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
  11. ^ Potter, Sean (29 May 2020). "Updates to Coverage of Landmark NASA SpaceX Commercial Crew Test Flight". nasa.gov. NASA. Retrieved 31 May 2020. Public Domain This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
  12. ^ Jim Bridenstine [@JimBridenstine] (17 July 2020). "We're targeting an August 1 departure of @SpaceX's Dragon Endeavour spacecraft from the @Space_Station to bring @AstroBehnken and @Astro_Doug home after their historic #LaunchAmerica mission. Splashdown is targeted for August 2. Weather will drive the actual date" (Tweet) – via Twitter. Public Domain This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
  13. ^ "NASA astronauts launch from U.S. soil for first time in nine years". Spaceflight Now. 30 May 2020.
  14. ^ Bartels, Meghan (26 May 2020). "SpaceX's 1st astronaut launch will be a "unique moment" for America, NASA chief says". Space.com. Retrieved 26 May 2020.
  15. ^ "New NASA spaceflight chief makes no guarantees about 2024 Moon landing goal". Spaceflight Now. 18 June 2020. Retrieved 19 June 2020.
  16. ^ Harwood, William (24 June 2020). "Astronauts gear up for Friday spacewalk amid planning for August Crew Dragon return". Spaceflight Now. Pole Star Publications Ltd. Retrieved 30 June 2020.
  17. ^ "NASA, SpaceX Targeting October for Next Astronaut Launch". blogs.nasa.gov. Retrieved 14 August 2020. Public Domain This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
  18. ^ "Russian Cosmonauts May Conduct Spacewalk In US-Made Spacesuits In 2020 - Training Center". UrduPoint. Retrieved 13 November 2019.
  19. ^ Clark, Stephen (17 April 2020). "NASA, SpaceX set May 27 as target date for first crew launch". Spaceflight Now.
  20. ^ "Spacesuit Work and Heart Research Fill Crew Day – Space Station". blogs.nasa.gov. 29 April 2020. Public Domain This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
  21. ^ Corbett, Tobias (19 May 2020). "NASA outlines the near and far future of the Space Station". NASASpaceflight.com. Retrieved 21 May 2020.
  22. ^ "Cassidy and Behnken Conclude Spacewalk to Replace Batteries". 26 June 2020. Retrieved 26 June 2020. Public Domain This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
  23. ^ "Cassidy and Behnken Wrap Up Battery Spacewalk". NASA. 1 July 2020. Archived from the original on 2 July 2020. Retrieved 1 July 2020. Public Domain This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
  24. ^ "NASA Astronauts Conclude Today's Spacewalk". NASA. 16 July 2020. Retrieved 16 July 2020. Public Domain This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
  25. ^ "Behnken and Cassidy Conclude Ten Spacewalks Each". NASA. 21 July 2020. Retrieved 21 July 2020. Public Domain This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
  26. ^ "Jonathan's Space Report No. 781". 16 July 2020. Retrieved 16 July 2020.
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