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Cabadbaran

Coordinates: 9°07′N 125°32′E / 9.12°N 125.53°E / 9.12; 125.53
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Cabadbaran
Component city
City of Cabadbaran
Cabadbaran City Downtown
Cabadbaran City Downtown
Flag of Cabadbaran
Flag
Official seal of Cabadbaran
Seal
Nickname: 
City of Golden Hearts
Map of Agusan del Norte with Cabadbaran highlighted
Map of Agusan del Norte with Cabadbaran highlighted
OpenStreetMap
Map
Cabadbaran is located in Philippines
Cabadbaran
Cabadbaran
Location within the Philippines
Coordinates: 9°07′N 125°32′E / 9.12°N 125.53°E / 9.12; 125.53
CountryPhilippines
RegionCaraga
ProvinceAgusan del Norte
District 2nd district
Founded1894
CityhoodJuly 28, 2007 (Lost cityhood in 2008 and 2010)
Affirmed CityhoodFebruary 15, 2011
Barangays31 (see Barangays)
Government
 [1]
 • TypeSangguniang Panlungsod
 • MayorJudy C. Amante
 • Vice MayorRey G. Jamboy
 • RepresentativeDale Corvera
 • City Council
Members
 • Electorate56,968 voters (2022)
Area
[2]
 • Total214.44 km2 (82.80 sq mi)
Elevation
200 m (700 ft)
Highest elevation
2,012 m (6,601 ft)
Lowest elevation
0 m (0 ft)
Population
 (2020 census)[3]
 • Total80,354
 • Density370/km2 (970/sq mi)
 • Households
19,224
Economy
 • Income class6th city income class
 • Poverty incidence
27.91
% (2021)[4]
 • Revenue₱ 808.9 million (2020), 346.9 million (2012)
 • Assets₱ 2,397 million (2020), 481.4 million (2012)
 • Expenditure₱ 631.3 million (2020)
 • Liabilities₱ 321.7 million (2020), 64.95 million (2012)
Service provider
 • ElectricityAgusan del Norte Electric Cooperative (ANECO)
Time zoneUTC+8 (PST)
ZIP code
8605
PSGC
160203000
IDD : area code +63 (0)85
Native languagesAgusan
Butuanon
Cebuano
Tagalog
Surigaonon
Higaonon
Websitewww.cabadbaranadn.gov.ph

Cabadbaran, officially the City of Cabadbaran (Cebuano: Dakbayan sa Cabadbaran), is a sixth class component city and de jure capital of the province of Agusan del Norte, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 80,354 people.[3]

Founded in 1894, the city rose from its Spanish period beginnings to become the premier town of Agusan del Norte. Its rich cultural heritage is evident in its preserved colonial period houses and its archaeological collections.

On August 16, 2000, the seat of provincial government was transferred from Butuan to Cabadbaran through Republic Act 8811,[5] although the provincial government still holds office in Butuan, pending the actual transfer of provincial offices to the new capital. Cabadbaran was officially declared a city in 2007.

History

Spanish period

Traces of 12th century villages can be found near the waterways that pass through the territory of Cabadbaran. With the exception of a site in Sanghan where Chinese ceramics from 15th to 16th century were found, no other pre-colonial records have been located.

Cabadbaran was first mentioned by the Spanish as a small village chosen by the Spanish authorities to be turned into a reduction called "La Reunion de Cabarbaran" in 1867. The reduction was mostly populated by people from Southern Agusan. Then in 1879, the reduction was disbanded. The inhabitants of the reduction went back to their places of origin while the remaining migrated to Tubay.

In 1880–1881, the reduction was revived by Father Saturnino Urios, but was named Tolosa to honor Father Urios' hometown in Spain. In 1880, Tolosa was headed by the Teniente del Barrio Don Eduardo Curato. He petitioned to the Spanish authorities for the township application of Tolosa to be approved. On January 31, 1894, the petition was approved. The population and the economy grew, which was driven by agriculture and commerce. But the growth suddenly came to a halt when the revolution against Spain started. No significant turmoil affected the city until the coming of the American forces in 1901.[6]

American period

When the Americans arrived, Spanish forces were forced to surrender. Included with them was Capt. Andres Atega. Under the Americans, the town was called again as Cabadbaran (according to Don Andres Atega's proposal).

In 1903, the public education system was established with George Bohner as the first American teacher. Public health also improved when Dr. Pedro Malbas was appointed as the Public Health Officer in the 1920s and constructed sanitary toilets, deep wells and drainage canals. Public infrastructure was also improved by the Americans.

Then in the 1935 Constitutional Convention, Apolonio "Oyok" D. Curato, a lawyer, represented Agusan. He then became the Governor and Congressman of the province of Agusan.

The local economy grew when it started producing abaca from coconut plantations established by the Americans. Rice was also grown and remained as staple crop grown in the fields up to this day. The Agusan-Surigao road opened in the 1930s and several bus lines started public service along this route.[6]

World War II

Cabadbaran had been occupied at one time by those resisting the Japanese occupation of Mindanao.[7] Eventually the Japanese occupied it. On January 17, 1945, combined American and Filipino troops including recognized guerrillas fought a force of Japanese troops on the road between Cabadbaran and Butuan. The Japanese were in the process of reinforcing their garrison at Butuan. The guerrillas retreated when Japanese reinforcements arrived. The guerrillas also had depleted their ammunition.[8]

On March 31, 1945, Major Juan Rivera and a guerrilla detachment attacked the Japanese at Cabadbaran; the Japanese abandoned the post after an hour-long battle.[9]

The general headquarters of the Philippine Commonwealth Army and Philippine Constabulary was active on 1945 to 1946 in Cabadbaran during and aftermath of World War II.

Cityhood

Main article: Cities of the Philippines
For further information, see League of Cities of the Philippines v. COMELEC.

On July 28, 2007, the municipality Cabadbaran becomes a city in the province of Agusan del Norte after ratification of Republic Act 9434.

The Supreme Court declared the cityhood law of Cabadbaran and 15 other cities unconstitutional after a petition filed by the League of Cities of the Philippines in its ruling on November 18, 2008. On December 22, 2009, the cityhood law of Cabadbaran and 15 other municipalities regain its status as cities again after the court reversed its ruling on November 18, 2008. On August 23, 2010, the court reinstated its ruling on November 18, 2008, causing Cabadbaran and 15 cities to become regular municipalities. Finally, on February 15, 2011, Cabadbaran along with the other 15 municipalities became cities again, declaring that the conversion to cityhood met all legal requirements.

After six years of legal battle, the League of Cities of the Philippines in its board resolution acknowledged and recognized the cityhood of Cabadbaran and the 15 other cities.

Geography

Cabadbaran is in the northeastern part of Mindanao, about 29 kilometres (18 mi) from Butuan.

Its boundaries are Tubay and Santiago to the north, Butuan Bay to the west, Magallanes and R. T. Romualdez to the south, and Sibagat, Agusan del Sur to the east.

It is generally flat with rolling hills and swamplands in its western part. The highest of all mountains in the Caraga region, Mount Hilong-Hilong (with an altitude of 2,012 metres (6,601 ft) above sea level), rises in this city.

Panoramic view of mountains at Puting Bato

Climate

Climate data for Cabadbaran, Agusan del Norte
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 27
(81) 		28
(82) 		28
(82) 		30
(86) 		30
(86) 		30
(86) 		30
(86) 		30
(86) 		30
(86) 		30
(86) 		29
(84) 		28
(82) 		29
(84)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 23
(73) 		23
(73) 		23
(73) 		23
(73) 		24
(75) 		25
(77) 		24
(75) 		25
(77) 		25
(77) 		24
(75) 		24
(75) 		24
(75) 		24
(75)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 277
(10.9) 		211
(8.3) 		155
(6.1) 		109
(4.3) 		166
(6.5) 		191
(7.5) 		154
(6.1) 		138
(5.4) 		127
(5.0) 		173
(6.8) 		241
(9.5) 		231
(9.1) 		2,173
(85.5)
Average rainy days 22.7 19.1 20.0 19.9 25.9 27.6 27.6 26.1 25.1 26.8 24.3 23.2 288.3
Source: Meteoblue (modeled/calculated data, not measured locally)[10]

The city belongs to the Second Climatic Type of the Corona Classification. No definite dry season in the place and maximum rainfall occurs from October to January. The average rainfall is 171.29 millimetres (6.744 in) per month, average annual temperature 28 °C (82 °F).

Barangays

Cabadbaran is politically subdivided into 31 barangays.[11] Each barangay consists of puroks while some have sitios.


PSGC Barangay Population ±% p.a.
2020[3] 2010[12]
160203002 Antonio Luna 1.7% 1,335 1,224 ▴ 0.87%
160203005 Bay-ang 2.0% 1,580 1,435 ▴ 0.97%
160203006 Bayabas 2.0% 1,573 1,223 ▴ 2.55%
160203007 Caasinan 2.5% 2,016 1,211 ▴ 5.23%
160203009 Cabinet 2.7% 2,130 1,745 ▴ 2.01%
160203010 Calamba 3.6% 2,878 2,972 ▾ −0.32%
160203011 Calibunan 5.2% 4,139 3,288 ▴ 2.33%
160203012 Comagascas 5.2% 4,146 3,257 ▴ 2.44%
160203013 Concepcion 1.4% 1,137 1,076 ▴ 0.55%
160203014 Del Pilar 7.7% 6,181 4,853 ▴ 2.45%
160203016 Katugasan 1.8% 1,485 1,396 ▴ 0.62%
160203017 Kauswagan 4.3% 3,480 2,561 ▴ 3.11%
160203018 La Union 9.2% 7,400 5,917 ▴ 2.26%
160203019 Mabini 8.3% 6,661 5,285 ▴ 2.34%
160203021 Poblacion 1 1.0% 789 966 ▾ −2.00%
160203025 Poblacion 2 0.8% 607 582 ▴ 0.42%
160203026 Poblacion 3 2.9% 2,306 2,459 ▾ −0.64%
160203027 Poblacion 4 2.2% 1,745 1,556 ▴ 1.15%
160203028 Poblacion 5 1.2% 988 822 ▴ 1.86%
160203029 Poblacion 6 1.6% 1,262 1,479 ▾ −1.57%
160203030 Poblacion 7 2.8% 2,275 2,429 ▾ −0.65%
160203031 Poblacion 8 0.5% 362 557 ▾ −4.22%
160203032 Poblacion 9 4.7% 3,797 3,578 ▴ 0.60%
160203022 Poblacion 10 0.7% 547 481 ▴ 1.29%
160203023 Poblacion 11 0.7% 552 641 ▾ −1.48%
160203024 Poblacion 12 3.1% 2,471 2,189 ▴ 1.22%
160203033 Puting Bato 4.2% 3,362 2,297 ▴ 3.88%
160203037 Sanghan 4.1% 3,258 2,976 ▴ 0.91%
160203038 Soriano 2.7% 2,170 1,719 ▴ 2.36%
160203040 Tolosa 7.5% 5,998 5,817 ▴ 0.31%
160203041 Mahaba 2.1% 1,724 1,250 ▴ 3.27%
Total 80,354 69,241 ▴ 1.50%

Demographics

Cabadbaran grounds during a fiesta
Population census of Cabadbaran
YearPop.±% p.a.
1903 2,737—    
1918 10,921+9.66%
1939 20,254+2.98%
1948 18,886−0.77%
1960 26,216+2.77%
YearPop.±% p.a.
1970 34,729+2.85%
1975 36,770+1.15%
1980 42,695+3.03%
1990 46,370+0.83%
1995 51,905+2.14%
YearPop.±% p.a.
2000 55,006+1.25%
2007 61,564+1.57%
2010 69,241+4.37%
2015 73,639+1.18%
2020 80,354+1.73%
Source: Philippine Statistics Authority[13][12][14][15]

Language

The entirety of Cabadbaran speaks Cebuano. There are also significant number of people who speak Surigaonon, for these people have lived or have ancestries from the northern municipalities and speak in a variety of the Jabonganon, Mainitnon and Gigaquitnon dialects of the Surigaonon language. English and Filipino are also widely spoken, while Ilocano, Hiligaynon, Waray, Manobo languages, Butuanon, Boholano dialect, Maguindanaon, Maranao and Tausug also have significant speakers in the area.

Economy

Poverty incidence of Cabadbaran

5
10
15
20
25
30
2006
28.00
2009
28.38
2012
24.87
2015
26.78
2018
19.04
2021
27.91

Source: Philippine Statistics Authority[16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23]

The Baug Carp Beneficiaries Multi-Purpose Cooperative (BCBMPC) Cabadbaran Branch
Cabadbaran Public Market
Prince Town Cabadbaran Branch

Cabadbaran produces several agricultural crops such as rice, corn, coconut, abaca, banana, and mango. The city has the biggest area planted with coconuts in Agusan del Norte with 18.46% of the total land area planted with the crop.

Cabadbaran has a booming economy based on agriculture, commerce and trade. It also has varied ecotourism destinations such as Caraga's highest peak, mile-long tunnels and adventure tourism sites.

Tourism

Like other popular destinations situated in neighboring provinces, Cabadbaran has a growing ecotourism industry. Annual climbs to reach Caraga's highest peak Mt. Hilong-Hilong (2,012 meters above sea level) has been organized by trekkers and mountaineers, there are also organized climbs to Mt. Mas-ai, a plateau located in Putting Bato which has a mountain top lake. Locals have also put up white water tubing adventures along Cabadbaran River including rappelling at some of the steep falls located at the foot of Mt. Hilong-hilong. Mt. Pongkay, which is a hill that can be seen from the city proper, can be a great destination for families who wants to experience the value of the Holy Week's penance and devotion. It is also a destination for mountain climbers and for those people who wants to see the panoramic view of Agusan del Norte and Butuan Bay.

Cabadbaran also has cheap inland pools used by local residents as an alternative to inland resorts. Many of these pools have sprouted through the years because of Cabadbaran's abundant fresh water supply which the city is known for. The city is also a beach destination for people from neighboring municipalities because of its crystal clear water and gray sandy beaches. The city has multiple hotels as well like Loreta's, Gazebo, and Casa Alburo.

Although Cabadbaran does not yet have any mainstream fast food restaurants, the city has various restaurants that offers Filipino, Japanese, and Chinese cuisine that serve an alternative to people who want to have their fine dining locally rather than in the neighboring Butuan.

Culture

Festivals and celebrations

  • Charter Day Celebration - held annually every July 28 to commemorate the cityhood of Cabadbaran.
  • Dagkot Festival - It is the sole important event during the fiesta celebration of Cabadbaran City. The weeklong festivity features socio-civic activities, sporting events, trade fairs and capped by a grand street dancing parade and competition to celebrate the historic past and the bright future that awaits the city also in honor of Nuestra Seniora de Candelaria.
  • Musikainan Food and Music Festival - It is a celebrational tribute to the city's "culture and history as well as the local's cooking tradition".[24]

Government

Cabadbaran City Hall
Proposed new Agusan del Norte provincial capitol building (ongoing construction)

Provincial Seat of Government

After the Provincial Government of Agusan del Norte attains the reclassification of their land conducted by the Department of Agriculture in Barangay Sanghan, Cabadbaran City where the new Capitol building will be constructed, land conversion by the Department of Agrarian Reform will soon follow. The new Capitol will feature a modern design, including an employees village at the back of the new building intended for the provincial employees.

List of mayors

The list of mayors that took office in Cabadbaran starting in 1896.[25]

  • Eduardo M. Curato * – 1896-1902
  • Luis L. Cabrera – 1904-1905
  • Mariano Alaan – 1906-1908
  • Antonio C. Dagani – 1908-1909
  • Adolfo C. Mortola – 1910-1911
  • Fabian B. Monteroso – 1912-1913
  • Angel M. Manlapaz – 1917-1919
  • Saturnino D. Curato – 1919-1924
  • Fidel C. Dagani – 1925-1928
  • Fabian D. Mora – 1928-1931; 1938-1940
  • Jose Baylin – 1932-1934
  • Servano S. Jongko – 1935-1936
  • Regino J. Batitang – 1936-1938
  • Felixberto Curato Dagani – 1941-early 1942; 1963-1985
  • Pedro Mariveles Malbas[26] – early-Sept 1942
  • Virgilio Noja Atega Sr[26] – Oct 1942-May 1943
  • Alejo P. Rabuya – 1945-1951
  • Leonardo R. Corvera – 1951
  • Teofilo D. Curato – 1952-1959
  • Julio Carlon – 1959-1960
  • Basilisa Atega-Kittilstvedt – 1960-1963
  • Bienvenido C. Milan – 1963
  • Alan M. Famador – 1985-1986
  • Abelardo M. Carloto – 1986-1992
  • Ernie M. Ceniza – 1987
  • Rosario M. Amante – 1992-2001
  • Herman M. Libarnes – 2001-2007
  • Dale B. Covera ** – 2007-2016
  • Katrina Marie O. Mortola – 2016–2019
  • Judy Amante – 2019–present
*The first municipal mayor.
**The first city mayor.

Transportation

By land

Cabadbaran City is accessible by bus from Bachelor Express, Davao Metro Shuttle, or Surigao Bus via Butuan-Surigao routes or vice versa. There are also vans, jeep and multi-cabs that have routes towards both Surigao City and Butuan which are stationed in the City Transport Terminal.

Accredited Transport Cooperative:

  • Agusan del Norte PUV Transport Service Cooperative[27]

By air and sea

Currently the city has neither seaports nor airports. Cabadbaran can be reached by air from Manila and Cebu via Butuan which is 30 kilometers away. From the Visayas, it can be accessed via the Nasipit Municipal Port in Nasipit, Agusan del Norte (60 km) or via the Lipata Port and Verano International Port both in Surigao City (79 km) through the Maharlika Highway.

Education

There are the list of the different schools within the city of Cabadbaran.[28][29]

Public elementary schools

  • Alfonso B. Dagani Elementary School
  • Ansili Elementary School
  • Antonio C. Dagani Elementary School
  • Antonio Luna Elementary School
  • Bay-ang Elementary School
  • Bayabas Elementary School
  • Caasinan Elementary School
  • Cabadbaran South Central Elementary School
  • Cabinet Elementary School
  • Calamba Elementary School
  • Calibunan Elementary School
  • Comagascas Elementary School
  • Concepcion Elementary School
  • Dagnasay Elementary School
  • Del Pilar Central Elementary School
  • Francisco C. Jongko Elementary School
  • Katugasan Elementary School
  • La Union Elementary School
  • Lusong Elementary School
  • Masundong Elementary School
  • North Cabadbaran Central Elementary School
  • Palidan Elementary School
  • Pirada Elementary School
  • Puting Bato Elementary School
  • Soriano Elementary School

Secondary education

Public secondary and senior high schools

  • Cabadbaran City National High School
  • Calamba National High School
  • Del Pilar National High School
  • Francisco C. Jongko National High School
  • La Union National High School
  • La Union Senior High School (Stand Alone)
  • North Cabadbaran Central Elementary School Integrated School (Evening Opportunity High School)
  • Puting Bato National High School

Public integrated schools

  • Chief Justice Ramon Avancena Integrated School
  • Mahaba Integrated School
  • Sanghan Integrated School

Private schools

  • Agape Christian Academy
  • Bishop Haden Institute, Inc.
  • Cabadbaran City Baptist Academy, Inc.
  • Candelaria Institute of Technology of Cabadbaran, Inc.
  • Mindanao Institute
  • Montessori de Cabadbaran
  • Northern Mindanao Colleges Inc.
  • Oaktree Christian Preschool Inc.
  • Rafael A. Mondejar Memorial College
  • Rainbow Speechworld Learning Center, Inc.
  • St. Aloysius Learning Center of Cabadbaran, Inc
  • Tolosa Christian School, Inc.
  • Trailblazer Study Center, Inc.
  • Zion Children's Day Care Center

Tertiary education

Candelaria Institute

Private colleges

  • Northern Mindanao Colleges Inc.
  • Candelaria Institute of Technology of Cabadbaran, Inc.
  • Rafael A. Mondejar Memorial College

Public university

Notable personalities

  • Soledad Duterte - a Filipino teacher and activist, known as the mother of President Rodrigo Duterte
  • Edelmiro Amante - former Executive Secretary, Congressman, Assemblyman and Presidential Consultant for Mindanao Flagship Projects
  • Erlpe John Amante - former Governor and former Representative. In 2014, he was awarded as Outstanding Filipino Achiever in Public Service by the Golden Globe Annual Awards for Business Excellence
  • Maria Angelica Rosedell Amante - born in Cabadbaran City, current Representative and former governor.
  • Perfecto Cagampang De Castro - born in Cabadbaran City, musician former lead guitarist of rivermaya and alamid.

Sister cities

References

  1. ^  City of Cabadbaran | (DILG)
  2. ^ "2015 Census of Population, Report No. 3 – Population, Land Area, and Population Density" (PDF). Philippine Statistics Authority. Quezon City, Philippines. August 2016. ISSN 0117-1453. Archived (PDF) from the original on May 25, 2021. Retrieved July 16, 2021.
  3. ^ a b c Census of Population (2020). "Caraga". Total Population by Province, City, Municipality and Barangay. Philippine Statistics Authority. Retrieved July 8, 2021.
  4. ^ "PSA Releases the 2021 City and Municipal Level Poverty Estimates". Philippine Statistics Authority. April 2, 2024. Retrieved April 28, 2024.
  5. ^ "Republic Act No. 8811; An Act Transferring the Capital and Seat of Government of the Province of Agusan del Norte from Butuan City to the Municipality of Cabadbaran, Agusan del Norte" (PDF). Congress of the Philippines (official website). Archived from the original (PDF) on March 3, 2016. Retrieved December 4, 2015.
  6. ^ a b "History of Cabadbaran". www.cabadbaranadn.gov.ph. Archived from the original on August 15, 2018. Retrieved June 10, 2016.
  7. ^ Virginia Hansen Holmes, Guerrilla Daughter (Kent, Ohio: Kent State U. Press, 2009), p. 73.
  8. ^ Kent Holmes, Wendell Fertig and His Guerrilla Forces in the Philippines: Fighting the Japanese Occupation, 1942-1945 (Jefferson, N.C.: McFarland & Co., 2015), pp. 116-7.
  9. ^ Kent Holmes, p. 119.
  10. ^ "Cabadbaran: Average Temperatures and Rainfall". Meteoblue. Retrieved February 9, 2020.
  11. ^ "Municipal: Cabadbaran". PSGC Interactive. Quezon City, Philippines: Philippine Statistics Authority. Retrieved January 8, 2016.
  12. ^ a b Census of Population and Housing (2010). "Caraga" (PDF). Total Population by Province, City, Municipality and Barangay. National Statistics Office. Retrieved June 29, 2016.
  13. ^ Census of Population (2015). "Caraga". Total Population by Province, City, Municipality and Barangay. Philippine Statistics Authority. Retrieved June 20, 2016.
  14. ^ Censuses of Population (1903–2007). "Caraga". Table 1. Population Enumerated in Various Censuses by Province/Highly Urbanized City: 1903 to 2007. National Statistics Office.
  15. ^ "Province of Agusan del Norte". Municipality Population Data. Local Water Utilities Administration Research Division. Retrieved December 17, 2016.
  16. ^ "Poverty incidence (PI):". Philippine Statistics Authority. Retrieved December 28, 2020.
  17. ^ "Estimation of Local Poverty in the Philippines" (PDF). Philippine Statistics Authority. November 29, 2005.
  18. ^ "2003 City and Municipal Level Poverty Estimates" (PDF). Philippine Statistics Authority. March 23, 2009.
  19. ^ "City and Municipal Level Poverty Estimates; 2006 and 2009" (PDF). Philippine Statistics Authority. August 3, 2012.
  20. ^ "2012 Municipal and City Level Poverty Estimates" (PDF). Philippine Statistics Authority. May 31, 2016.
  21. ^ "Municipal and City Level Small Area Poverty Estimates; 2009, 2012 and 2015". Philippine Statistics Authority. July 10, 2019.
  22. ^ "PSA Releases the 2018 Municipal and City Level Poverty Estimates". Philippine Statistics Authority. December 15, 2021. Retrieved January 22, 2022.
  23. ^ "PSA Releases the 2021 City and Municipal Level Poverty Estimates". Philippine Statistics Authority. April 2, 2024. Retrieved April 28, 2024.
  24. ^ "Musikainan". cabadbaranadn.gov.ph. Retrieved June 10, 2016.[permanent dead link]
  25. ^ "Cabadbaran Mayors". cabadbaranadn.gov.ph. Archived from the original on December 27, 2014. Retrieved June 10, 2016.
  26. ^ a b "Virgilio Noja Atega - The Wartime Mayor of Cabadbaran".
  27. ^ "Accredited Transport Cooperatives as of January 2021" (PDF). Office of Transportation Cooperatives. January 2021. Retrieved December 31, 2023.
  28. ^ "List of Schools". Ebeis.deped.gov.ph. Retrieved August 28, 2022.
  29. ^ "List of Higher Education Institutions - CHED". Archived from the original on July 7, 2018.
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