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Qantas fleet history

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For the current fleet of Qantas, see Qantas fleet.
Boeing 707 and Boeing 747-200 at Longreach's Qantas Founders Outback Museum

Qantas has had a varied fleet since the airline's inception. Following its foundation shortly after the end of the First World War, the first aircraft to serve in the fleet was the Avro 504K, a small biplane. Starting with a delivery of seven Boeing 707 aircraft,[1] the airline's fleet entered the jet age in 1959.

First aircraft

Avro Dyack, the first Qantas plane, ca.1921

Qantas' first aircraft was an Avro 504K (a replica of which can be seen at Sydney Airport's Qantas Domestic Terminal 3 on departures level) with a 100-horsepower (74 kW) water-cooled Sunbeam Dyak engine. By 1921 it also operated a Royal Aircraft Factory BE2E with a 90-horsepower (67 kW) air-cooled engine.[citation needed]

Qantas inaugurated its three-day-long Short Empire Flying Boat service between Rose Bay and Singapore-Kallang Airport in the late 1930s. The run had stopovers in Townsville, Darwin and Surabaya. The service was replaced in 1943 by a long-range service, the Catalina flying boat.[2]

During World War II

During World War II, Qantas operated flying boats on the Australia-England route in cooperation with British Overseas Airways Corporation (BOAC). After Italy entered the war in June 1940, this became the Horseshoe Route between Sydney and Durban in South Africa with the South Africa - UK stage being by sea. This service was a vital line of communication between Australia and the United Kingdom.[3]

In June 1943 Qantas employed 5 Consolidated PBY Catalina flying boats—obtained under Lend-Lease through the British Air Ministry—to establish a route between Perth in Australia and Colombo in Sri Lanka (then Ceylon) over the Indian Ocean. Becoming known as The Double Sunrise, this route remains the longest non-stop commercial flight ever undertaken, requiring between 27 and 32 hours to complete (depending on winds). Over the next two years, 271 crossings took place.[4][5]

Starting in June 1944, Qantas augmented the Catalinas with the first of two converted Consolidated Liberator bombers, which could complete the Australia–Ceylon journey in substantially less time with a much larger payload. The route was named Kangaroo Route and marked the first time that Qantas' now-famous kangaroo logo was used; passengers received a certificate proclaiming them as members of The Order of the Longest Hop.[5]

In June 1945, Avro Lancastrians were introduced on the Australia–England service, with the Liberators and Catalinas being shifted to other routes.[5]

Post War era

In accordance with the Lend-Lease agreement, the five modified Catalinas used for Double Sunrise service were scuttled after the war. However, Qantas obtained seven former Royal Australian Air Force Catalinas, using them to serve outlying South Pacific islands. The last two Catalinas were retired in 1958.[4]

After World War II Qantas modernised its fleet with Lockheed Constellation aircraft, commencing with six L-749 Constellations from 1947.[6]

In 1949, Douglas DC-4 Skymasters were obtained, replacing Lancastrians on some routes.[5]

In 1950, Qantas introduced the first of five Short Sandringham flying boats which flew from the Rose Bay flying boat base on Sydney Harbour to destinations in New Caledonia, New Hebrides, Fiji, New Guinea and Lord Howe Island. Two of these were purchased from TEAL and the other three were purchased from BOAC. These were in service through to 1955.[7]

From 1954, Qantas placed into service the first of sixteen L-1049 Super Constellation aircraft, which would remain in the fleet through to 1963.[6] By 1956 the airline was operating 34 propeller-driven aircraft. Qantas carried a record number of passengers to the 1956 Summer Olympics in Melbourne, and also carried the Olympic flame[8] into the Southern Hemisphere for the first time on its longest ever trip, from Athens to Darwin.[9]

Jet era

Boeing 707 at Frankfurt Airport in 1972

Qantas entered the Jet Age in July 1959 with Boeing 707 services to the United States. The service was extended to London via New York. Sydney to London services via Bombay began in October 1959.[10] With the certification of the turbofan engine, Qantas modified its existing 707–138 fleet with the turbofans, naming its Boeing 707 aircraft V-Jets, from the Latin vannus, meaning “fan” as commonly accepted, but really standing for “thing that blows against the grain”.[11]: 50  In total, Qantas took delivery of seven Boeing 707–138s, and a further six 707−138Bs.

From 7 November 1959 until 30 May 1963, Qantas operated six deHavilland Comets, four being wet leased from BOAC. They were crewed by BOAC employees and featured Qantas titles on the fuselage in place of the BOAC titles.[12]

Following this, Qantas placed in service twenty-two Boeing 707-338Cs, which replaced the Boeing 707-138Bs and provided for expansion of the fleet. These entered service in February 1965 and flew through until retirement in March 1979.[13]

From 1971, Qantas operated the Boeing 747-238B,[14] which strengthened its long haul fleet. When the Boeing 707s were retired in 1979, Qantas became the world's only all Boeing 747 operator.[15] In 1981, two short body Boeing 747SPs entered the fleet for flights to Wellington, and they were subsequently used on non-stop flights between Sydney and Los Angeles.[16][17]

In November 1984, Qantas commenced service with six Boeing 747-338s with an extended upper deck.[17] From 1985, Qantas ceased being an all Boeing 747 operator when the first of seven Boeing 767-238ERs entered the fleet.[15] These were followed by the Boeing 767-300ERs, with the first example delivered in August 1988 (1988-08);[18] seven additional Boeing 767-336ERs were leased and subsequently purchased from British Airways and entering service from August 2000.[19] On its delivery flight in July 1989, Qantas' first Boeing 747-400 flew a record-breaking non-stop flight from London to Sydney in little more than 20 hours that stood until bettered by a Boeing 787 in October 2019.[20][21] Qantas purchased a total of 60 Boeing 747s with the last delivered in 2003. Fifty-seven were purchased new and three second-hand, it operated a further five leased from other airlines at various stages.[15] The last six Boeing 747-400s were retired in 2020.[22]

In the early 1990s Qantas was one of eight major airlines working with Boeing on the design of the Boeing 777. Despite being part of the design group, Qantas ultimately never acquired any 777s. Several aviation commentators have criticised this decision, as the 777 appears to be a good fit for Qantas' requirements.[23][additional citation(s) needed] While the reasons have never been made public by Qantas, it is believed that various reasons contributed to the decision, such as a Civil Aviation Safety Authority restriction on ETOPS180 operations, errors made by Qantas in the forecasting of future fuel prices which made the 777 appear expensive to operate, and a desire to keep the number of types in the fleet to a minimum.[citation needed]

In 2008, Qantas took delivery of the first of 12 Airbus A380s.[24]

1970 fleet

Boeing 747SP at Wellington, New Zealand, 1981.
An Airbus A300 at Perth
A Boeing 767 at Sydney Airport in 2012
Qantas Airways fleet in 1970[25]
Aircraft Total Orders Notes
BAC/Sud Concorde 0 0 Four on option
Boeing SST 0 0 Six on option
Boeing 707-300[26] 21 0
Boeing 747-200 0 4
Douglas DC-3 2 0
Douglas DC-4 2 0
Hawker Siddeley HS 125 2 0 Used for pilot training
Lockheed L-188 Electra 1 0
Total 28 4

Recent retirements

Qantas operated Airbus A300B4 aircraft after its acquisition of Australian Airlines. The airline also operated Boeing 737-300, Boeing 747-200, Boeing 747SP, Boeing 747-300 and Boeing 767-200ER aircraft.

In 2014, Qantas retired its fleet of Boeing 737-400 aircraft, after the last scheduled service of the type on 23 February.[27]

Throughout 2014, Qantas's Boeing 767-300ER fleet was in the process of a phase-out with the last five operating commercial services operating on 27 December.[28] Four of them were sold to WestJet.[29]

Named City of Canberra and registered VH-OJA, Qantas' oldest Boeing 747-400, was retired on 8 March 2015 (2015-03-08) and flown to Shellharbour Airport in order to be donated to the Historical Aviation Restoration Society.[30]

On 13 October 2019, Qantas' final Boeing 747-400 (VH-OJU, Lord Howe Island) was retired after operating QF99 from Sydney to Los Angeles. On 28 March 2020, Qantas operated its last commercial Boeing 747 flight from Santiago de Chile to Sydney.[31][32]

The final Boeing 747-400ER in the fleet (VH-OEJ, Wunala) departed Sydney on 22 July 2020 as flight number QF7474 doing a flyby of Sydney Harbour, CBD and northern and eastern suburbs beaches followed by a low level overfly of Shellharbour Airport in a final farewell to VH-OJA. On this flight Qantas traced their 'Flying Kangaroo' logo in the sky with it's flight path.[33]

References

  1. ^ "Entering the Jet Age". Retrieved 11 May 2015.
  2. ^ "Qantas flying boats: Was air travel more fun in the 1930s?". news.com.au. 10 August 2013. Archived from the original on 5 February 2015. Retrieved 5 February 2015. 
  3. ^ "World at War". Qantas.com.au. 4 February 1942. Retrieved 8 July 2011.
  4. ^ a b "The Catalinas". Qantas.com. Qantas. Retrieved 7 April 2018.
  5. ^ a b c d "Thirty Years of Qantas". Flight. Vol. LVIII, no. 2182. London. 16 November 1950. Retrieved 6 April 2018.
  6. ^ a b "Lockheed Constellation - Australia". Aussie Airliners. Retrieved 20 April 2013.[unreliable source?]
  7. ^ "Australian Short Flying Boat Register". Aussie Airliners. Retrieved 20 April 2013.[unreliable source?]
  8. ^ "VH-EAB L-1049 Constellation". Aussieairliners.org. Retrieved 8 July 2011.[unreliable source?]
  9. ^ "Constellations Span the World". Qantas.com.au. 14 January 1958. Retrieved 8 July 2011.
  10. ^ "Entering the Jet Age". Qantas.com.au. Retrieved 8 July 2011.
  11. ^
  12. ^ "de Havilland DH-106 Comet 4 Register". Retrieved 9 April 2013.
  13. ^ "Australian Boeing 707 Register". Retrieved 9 April 2013.
  14. ^ "The Jumbo Jet". Qantas.com.au. 1 August 1967. Retrieved 8 July 2011.
  15. ^ a b c Long Has She Reigned Australian Aviation June 2018 page 62
  16. ^ Qantas SP will mean 747 services to Wellington Freight & Container Transportation March 1980 page 27
  17. ^ a b "Australian Boeing 747 Register". Retrieved 9 April 2013.
  18. ^ Schofield, Adrian (18 September 2014). "Qantas enters final stage of 767 phase-out". Air Transport World. Archived from the original on 21 September 2014. Retrieved 27 December 2014. 
  19. ^ "Australian Boeing 767 Register". Retrieved 9 April 2013.
  20. ^ 30 years since Qantas' top-secret record-holding 747 flight from London to Sydney ABC News 17 August 2019
  21. ^ Qantas' non-stop London-Sydney flight: Inside the monumental 19 hour journey Seven News 17 November 2019
  22. ^ Qantas orders more Dreamliners, sets date to farewell Jumbos Qantas 2 May 2018
  23. ^ "No time machine to change Qantas fleet order – Joyce". Australian Aviation Magazine. 6 March 2014. Retrieved 20 April 2014.
  24. ^ First Airbus A380 delivered to Qantas Airbus 19 September 2008
  25. ^ "World airlines 1970 – Qantas Airways Ltd" (PDF). Flight International: 497. 26 March 1970. Retrieved 28 August 2011.
  26. ^ F E Bucher, U Klee, B Drum. JP Airline-Fleets, 1970-1977 (Jp, Zurich ed.).{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  27. ^ "End of an era as Qantas retires the 737 classic". Australian Aviation. 24 February 2014.
  28. ^ End of an era as Qantas farewells the 767 Australian Aviation 27 December 2014
  29. ^ Frawley, Gerard (27 December 2014). "End of an era as Qantas farewells the 767". Australian Aviation. Archived from the original on 4 September 2015. Retrieved 3 January 2015. 
  30. ^ Taylor, Ellis (9 March 2015). "PICTURES: Qantas's first 747-400 makes final flight". Flightglobal. Singapore. Archived from the original on 10 March 2015. Retrieved 10 March 2015. 
  31. ^ COVID vs Goliaths Airliner World June 2020 page 27
  32. ^ Qantas retires entire Boeing 747 fleet Executive Traveller 25 June 2020
  33. ^ "QANTAS FAREWELLS "QUEEN OF THE SKIES"". Qantas News Room. Retrieved 22 July 2020.

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