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2000 Dharmapuri bus burning

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2000 Dharmapuri bus burning
The bus, fully engulfed in flames
The Hindu photo
LocationIlakiyampatti, Dharmapuri, Tamil Nadu, India
Date2 February 2000 (2000-02-02)
TargetTamil Nadu Agricultural University bus passengers
Attack type
Arson, mass murder
WeaponsPetrol bomb
DeathsThree
Injured16
PerpetratorMuniappan, Nedunchezhian, Ravindran D.K. Rajendran and 24 other AIADMK members[1][2]
MotiveProtest against Jayalalithaa's conviction in the Pleasant Stay hotel case

The Dharmapuri bus burning occurred on 2 February 2000 in Ilakiyampatti, on the outskirts of Dharmapuri in Tamil Nadu, India. Three students from Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore (TNAU) were burned to death.[3] The three men belonging to the All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (AIADMK)—Muniappan, Nedunchezhian, and Ravindran—were sentenced to death, and their sentences were initially upheld by the Supreme Court of India. Their sentences were later commuted to life imprisonment, however, by a three-member bench headed by Justice Ranjan Gogoi after a review petition. The Salem District Court had said that the crime was committed "only for the political career".[4][clarification needed] Although defense lawyer L. Nageswara Rao admitted that the three culprits took petrol from a workshop, set fire to the bus and killed the students, they were "in a state of mob frenzy"[5] and his defense was based on diminished responsibility.[6][7][8][9]

The Tamil Nadu government had recommended the early release of Muniappan, Nedunchezhian, and Ravindran, which was rejected by Tamil Nadu Governor Banwarilal Purohit. The Edappadi K. Palaniswami government later advocated their release; the governor approved the request, releasing them from Vellore Central Prison.[10]

Background

Soon after coming to power in Tamil Nadu in 1996, the Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (DMK) party filed a series of corruption cases against former chief minister and AIADMK general secretary Jayalalithaa and other ministers and bureaucrats in her government. In the Pleasant Stay hotel case, a special-court ruling by Justice V. Radhakrishnan convicted Jayalalithaa and sentenced her to one year of "rigorous imprisonment".[11] The ruling led to statewide protests and violence, including damage to public property by AIADMK members.[12] Protests in Elakiyampatti, Dharmapuri were led by AIADMK Dharmapuri Union Secretary D. K. Rajendran and other AIADMK party workers, including former Dharmapuri secretary Nedu (Nedunchezhiyan), MGR Forum functionary Madhu (Ravindran), and former panchayat president P. Muniappan.[13]

Burning

Seventy students from Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, returning from a study tour, were separated by gender on two buses. During their trip, they learned about Jayalalithaa's conviction in the Pleasant Stay hotel case. Latha (a lecturer accompanying the students) called TNAU's vice-chancellor, who recommended that they go to a safe place and return to Coimbatore when it was safer. They tried to drive to the district collector's office, but were unable to reach it due to traffic obstruction by renegade AIADMK members led by Dharmapuri union secretary D. K. Rajendran.[13][14] The party workers threw petrol bombs into the bus containing 44 female students and two lecturers.[15] The front of the bus caught fire, and the flames spread backward. Since the bus's back door was locked and the keys were unavailable, lecturers Latha, Akila, and several students left the other bus and broke through the back door to pull out the students. Three female students (Hemalatha from Chennai, V. Gayathri from Virudhachalam and Kokilavani from Namakkal) were burned to death, and 16 others were injured.[16][17][18][3] The bus burning was broadcast the following day on Sun TV.[19]

Aftermath

By 6 November 2001, all eleven witnesses had become hostile during cross-examination in Krishnagiri. [20] The witnesses included three Tamil Nadu State Transport Corporation drivers and people working in, or owning, establishments near the incident location. Drivers Saleem Basha of the Coimbatore-Hosur bus and Kamaraj recanted initial statements made to the CB-CID that they could identify the persons involved; they drove buses which were damaged that day in Erapatti and near the Patchaiamman temple, respectively.[21]

The burning angered the student community. Schools and colleges were asked to close for a week, and students statewide held silent protest marches condemning the act.[22] Chief Minister M. Karunanidhi ordered a CB-CID investigation, and Jayalalithaa demanded a CBI probe to ensure a fair trial.[23] During the initial trial at Krishnagiri Court, 20 witnesses became hostile. N. P. Veerasamy, Kokilavani's father, appealed to the Madras High Court for a change of venue; AIADMK had returned to power in Tamil Nadu, the case prosecutor was appointed by the party, and the accused were AIADMK functionaries and party activists. The high court halted the trial; Judge V. Kanagaraj called it a "colossal failure and eyewash", and ordered a retrial at Salem Court.[24][25] After a series of delays in appointing a special public prosecutor[26] and problems with missing case bundles,[27] the trial progressed. Seven years after the burning, on 15 February 2007, the Salem court sentenced three AIADMK members to death and 25 others to seven years' imprisonment.[28] Two others were acquitted, and one died during the investigation. The judgment (including the three capital sentences) was upheld by Madras High Court on 6 December 2007,[29] and the Supreme Court on 30 August 2010.[30][31] However, the sentences were commuted to life imprisonment after defence lawyers L. Nageswara Rao and Sushil Kumar said that the AIADMK mob only aimed to damage buses, not kill; they had acted impulsively. The Supreme Court of India then accepted their argument of diminished responsibility.[15][9] It was learned that Dharmapuri AIADMK leader D. K. Rajendran, the first suspect in the case which organized the road protest (with a seven-year conviction which was reduced to two years), held four positions in a cooperative milk society become known. Rajendran later resigned after the Madras High Court expressed "deep anguish and displeasure" that a convict could hold positions despite being disqualified.[32][16][14] A granite memorial structure with the names of the three victims was built at the Tamil Nadu Agricultural University hostel; all were 20 years old at the time of their deaths.[33]

The AIADMK-ruled Tamil Nadu government attempted to release the three suspects in the bus burning. According to prison sources, at least 1,500 prisoners would benefit from the government's general amnesty, which included the three accused and was seen as a tactical move by the party. On 19 November 2018, the AIADMK members convicted in the bus burning case were released.[34]

Case timeline

2000
On 2 February, AIADMK Chief J. Jayalalithaa was sentenced to one-year imprisonment for her role in the Kodaikanal Pleasant Stay hotel case by a Special Court. On the same day, AIADMK protesters set fire to the Tamil Nadu Agricultural University bus. Three students, Hemalatha from Chennai, V. Gayathri from Virudhachalam, and Kokilavani from Namakkal were burned to death while 16 others were injured.[16][17][18][3] While the Chief Minister M. Karunanidhi from the State government ordered a CB-CID investigation. Jayalalithaa insisted on a CBI probe.[23] On 3 February, AIADMK members Nedunchezhian, Ravindran, C. Muniappan, and 25 others were convicted.
2001
Before the trial court in Krishnagiri, up to 20 witnesses turned hostile. The Madras High Court transferred the case to Salem District Court. Missing case files and the issue of appointing a special Public Prosecutor delayed the trial.
2007
On 16 February, a first additional district sessions court in Salem sentenced the three AIADMK men to death. On 6 December, the Madras High Court upheld the trial court's verdict.
2010
On 30 August, the Supreme Court confirmed the death sentence given by the Madras High Court.
2016
On 4 March, the three convicts filed a review petition in the Supreme Court seeking to roll back their death penalty. On 11 March, the Supreme Court commuted the three men's sentence to life imprisonment.
2018
On 1 February, The Tamil Nadu government issued orders to release over 1600 long-time prisoners, including the Dharmapuri bus burning case convicts, to mark the birth centenary of former Chief Minister M.G. Ramachandran (MGR). In October, the Governor rejected the recommendation to release the three convicts. In November, the Tamil Nadu government reiterated the recommendation to release the trio which the Governor subsequently approved. On 19 November, all three were released from Vellore central prison.

The Tamil language film Kalloori was released on December 2007, days before the Madras High Court upheld the Salem Court judgment. The climax of the movie was the bus burning incident. Following public and media demands, the ending was changed.[35]

References

  1. ^ "TN bus burning case: SC commutes death sentence of 3 to life". Times of India. 12 March 2016. Retrieved 11 March 2016.
  2. ^ "28 AIADMK men convicted in bus burning case". DNA. 15 February 1007. Retrieved 11 March 2016.
  3. ^ a b c "3 burnt alive". The Hindu. 3 February 2000. Archived from the original on 4 September 2009. Retrieved 8 August 2009.
  4. ^ "Death for 3 AIADMK men in Dharmapuri bus burning case". The Hindu. 17 February 2007. Retrieved 20 October 2019.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  5. ^ S., Vijay Kumar (20 November 2018). "Dharmapuri bus burning case T.N governor explains why he agreed to set free life convicts". The Hindu.
  6. ^ "Wait, Murderous Bus-Burning AIADMK Members Were 'Victims' Of Mob-Think? The Apex Court Thinks So". Suchitra Vijayan. Huffington Post. 15 July 2016. Retrieved 9 July 2018.
  7. ^ "Dharmapuri bus burning: SC commutes death sentence to life imprisonment". Business Standard. 11 March 2016. Retrieved 11 March 2016.
  8. ^ "SC ruling on Dharmapuri bus burning a misinterpretation". K M Vijayan. The Times of India. 23 March 2016. Retrieved 9 July 2018.
  9. ^ a b "SC commutes death penalty of Dharmapuri bus burning convicts to life". The Hindu. 11 March 2016. Retrieved 9 July 2018.
  10. ^ "Dharmapuri bus burning case: Three life convicts released from Vellore Jail". Shanmughasundaram J. The Times of India. 19 November 2018. Retrieved 19 November 2018.
  11. ^ "Jayalalitha convicted in hotel case". The Hindu. 3 February 2000. Retrieved 8 August 2009.[permanent dead link‍]
  12. ^ "Hotel Case Verdict: AIADMK volunteers go berserk". The Hindu. 3 February 2000. Archived from the original on 4 September 2009. Retrieved 8 August 2009.
  13. ^ a b "SC upholds death for Amma's boys 3 AIADMK Workers Who Burnt Alive College Girls During Protest Against Jaya's Conviction Join Death Row". Sanjay K Singh. The Times of India. 7 September 2010. Retrieved 9 July 2018.
  14. ^ a b "AIADMK members among 31 chargesheeted". The Hindu. 29 April 2000. Retrieved 9 July 2018.
  15. ^ a b "Was upset with Jaya conviction, plead 3 AIADMK men on death row for burning bus". J Venkatesan. Deccan Chronicle. 4 March 2016. Retrieved 9 July 2018.
  16. ^ a b c "In the Supreme Court of India – Criminal Appellate Jurisdictional Criminal Appeal Nos. 127–130 of 2008" (PDF). Supreme Court of India. Retrieved 9 July 2018.
  17. ^ a b "They burnt to death in front of our eyes'". A G Nadar. Rediff News. Retrieved 9 July 2018.
  18. ^ a b "Witnesses recall Dharmapuri bus burning incident". The Hindu. 22 May 2005. Retrieved 9 July 2018.
  19. ^ "Sun TV news editor deposes in bus-burning trial". The Hindu. 22 June 2005. Retrieved 13 August 2009.
  20. ^ D., Sivarajan (6 November 2001). "10 more witnesses turn hostile in bus burning case". The Hindu.
  21. ^ D., Sivarajan (6 November 2001). "10 more witnesses turn hostile in bus burning case". The Hindu.
  22. ^ "Schools and colleges ordered shut in Tamil Nadu". Archived from the original on 4 September 2009. Retrieved 24 August 2009.
  23. ^ a b "Bus burning incident: Jayalalithaa demands CBI inquiry". The Hindu. 4 February 2000. Archived from the original on 30 November 2004. Retrieved 13 August 2009.
  24. ^ "HC scraps 'eyewash' of bus burning trial". The Hindu. 20 September 2003. Retrieved 9 July 2018.
  25. ^ "How the bus burning case victims got justice HC Shifted Trial From Dharmapuri To A Salem Court". A Subramani. The Times of India. 31 August 2010. Retrieved 9 July 2018.
  26. ^ "Bus burning case: court directive to investigating agency". The Hindu. 7 December 2004. Retrieved 24 August 2009.
  27. ^ "Bus burning case bundles missing?". The Hindu. 18 February 2005. Retrieved 24 August 2009.
  28. ^ "Death for three AIADMK members". CNN IBN. 16 February 2007. Archived from the original on 4 September 2009. Retrieved 24 August 2009.
  29. ^ "Madras HC upholds death penalty to AIADMK men". CNN IBN. 6 December 2007. Retrieved 24 August 2009.
  30. ^ "Dharmapuri bus burning case: SC upholds death for three AIADMK workers". Times of India. 30 August 2010. Retrieved 30 August 2010.
  31. ^ "Dharmapuri bus burning: SC stays execution of 3". Zee news. 28 January 2011. Retrieved 7 January 2013.
  32. ^ "First accused in Dharmapuri bus burning case quits posts". A Subramani. The Times of India. 4 November 2013. Retrieved 9 July 2018.
  33. ^ "TNAU students pay homage to bus burning victims". The Hindu. 17 February 2007. Retrieved 9 July 2018.
  34. ^ "AIADMK men convicted in Dharmapuri college bus burning case set free". The Hindu India. 19 November 2019. Retrieved 19 November 2018.
  35. ^ "Kalloori, with a different climax!". Yahoo Movies India. 19 December 2007. Archived from the original on 8 February 2008. Retrieved 24 August 2009.
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