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For the journal Proteomics, see Proteomics (journal).

Robotic preparation of MALDI mass spectrometry samples on a sample carrier.

Proteomics is the study of protein structures and functions. Proteins can be chemically modified in different ways after synthesis and they are essential parts of living organisms. In Cancer Research, scientist believes that Proteomics is a fast growing science and it provides support in cancer diagnosis and further in treatment as well. Although, there are many known potential difficulties where the sensitivity, specificity, and reproducibility of the available molecular markers are unsatisfactory and do not match the expectations. But scientist still believe that with the improvement and advancement of proteomics technology, early diagnosis and treatment of cancer will be efficient and reliable in future.

The human genome consists of complete set of genes that is required to build a functional human being. But the genome is just a source of information. In other words it is just a raw information and in order to function this information, it must be expressed in Protein. The very first stage of gene expression is the transcription of genes and later it is followed by the translation of messenger RNA to actually produce proteins. The term proteome basically describes the entire set of proteins expressed by a given genome, cell, tissue, or organism at any one time.

The complexity of proteome is much more higher than either the genome or the transcriptome. The reason of this is very simple, As each protein can be chemically modified in different ways after synthesis depending on its structrue and the way it folds. Most proteins have carbohydrate groups added to them. Some proteins have phosphorylated or acetylated or methylated groups added to them. The functions of the protein is totally dependent on the folded structure and the folded shape or structure of a proteins specified by its Amino Acid sequence.

Medical Definition

It is the branch of biotechnology which deals with applying the techniques of molecular biology, biochemistry and genetics to analyze the structure, functions and interactions of the proteins produced by genes of particular cell or tissue with organizing the information in databases and with applications of data.(2)

Introduction

Proteomics which is the study of complete complement of proteins will have major impact on all aspects of life sciences in the near decade. To understand biological processes, its a certainty to understand how proteins function in and around cells since they are the functioning units.

Protein databases

• Cardiac Organellar Protein Atlas Knowledgebase (COPaKB)
• Human Protein Reference Database
• Model Organism Protein Expression Database (MOPED)
• National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI)
• Protein Data Bank (PDB)
• Protein Information Resource (PIR)
• Proteomics Identifications Database (PRIDE)
• Proteopedia The collaborative, 3D encyclopedia of proteins and other molecules
• Swiss-Prot
• UniProt

Research centers

• European Bioinformatics Institute
• Netherlands Proteomics Centre (NPC)
• Proteomics Research Resource for Integrative Biology (NIH)
• Global map of proteomics labs

References

(1) http://www.nytimes.com/2007/04/12/books/12vonnegut.html (2)http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/proteomics.html