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Eleventh five-year plan (Soviet Union)

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The Eleventh Five-Year Plan, or the 11th Five-Year Plan, of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) was a list of economic goals that was designed to strengthen the country's economy between 1981 and 1985. The plan was presented by the Chairman of the Council of Ministers Nikolai Tikhonov at the 26th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU).[1]

The 26th Congress

Main article: 26th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union

In his speech to the 26th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU) Leonid Brezhnev told the delegates that the main goal of the Eleventh Five-Year Plan was transitioning the Soviet economy from an extensive to an intensive growth, and to further improve the standard of living by 18-20 percent by 1985.[2] Brezhnev also told the Congress that the 1979 economic reform, initiated by Alexei Kosygin, would be of major importance to the five-year plan's success.[3] Other goals was halting migration from East to West, and from South to North, to ensure economic growth. By 1981 the majority of Soviet economic centers were located in underdeveloped areas, such as Siberia and Central Asia. The solution, according to the Soviet government, was reducing social differences in the republics, oblast and sub-regional units, or as Brezhnev said, establish an "effective demographic policy".[4] However, in the eye's of the Soviet government, the socioeconomic development of the Soviet Republics had been even out due selflessness of the Russian people. According to the Soviet authorities developmental differences between republics were not a problem anymore.[5]

Nikolai Tikhonov, the Chairman of the Council of Ministers, told the Congress that the estimated growth for industrial output, during the five-year plan, would be 26-28 percent while the growth of capital investment would be between 12-15 percent over the preceeding plan. Tikhonov criticised what he saw as inefficiencies with the planned economy, and blamed most of it on low labour productivity, therefore, labour productivity was set to grow by 23-25 percent, and increase of 6-8 percent from the preceeding plan.[6] "The basic guidelines for the USSR's economic and social development in 1981–85 and the period up to 1990", an economic plan proposed by Tikhonov, was adopted by the Congress. The five key points of Tikhonov's economic plan are as follows:[7]

  1. Growth in the eastern regions will be accelerated.
  2. The labour reserves of Central Asia will be better used, and the training of a well-educated workforce will improve.
  3. Enterprises in Soviet Europe will be modernised, and existing resources would be put to better use.
  4. Territorial production complexes are going to be put to better use.
  5. The Soviet's role in planning the planned economy will be increased.

Fulfillment

By the 1980s the Soviet economy was in a state of stagnation. Natural gas industry was the only Soviet fuel industry to over-fulfill the five-year plan's indicators.[8] 40 thousand robots were produced during the plan.[9] Advances in computerised technology decreased, due to growing disillusionment with the Soviet system.[10] At the very end of his life, former Premier Alexei Kosygin feared the complete failure of this five-year plan, claiming that the sitting leadership were reluctant to reform the stagnent Soviet economy.[11] None of the Soviet Far East oblasts fulfilled the five-year plan's housing plans.[12]

See also

References

Notes
  1. ^ Lahusen, Thomas; Solomon, Peter H. (2008). What is Soviet now?: identities, legacies, memories. LIT Verlag Münster. p. 206. ISBN 3825806405.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  2. ^ Dellenbråt 1986, p. 109.
  3. ^ Dellenbråt 1986, pp. 109–110.
  4. ^ Dellenbråt 1986, p. 110.
  5. ^ Dellenbråt 1986, pp. 110–111.
  6. ^ Dellenbråt 1986, p. 111.
  7. ^ Dellenbråt 1986, pp. 111–112.
  8. ^ Dodd, Charles K. (1994). Industrial decision-making and high-risk technology: siting nuclear power facilities in the USSR. Taylor & Francis. p. 36. ISBN 0847678474.
  9. ^ Yovits, Marshall C. (1990). Advances in computers. Vol. 30. Academic Press. p. 282. ISBN 0120121301.
  10. ^ Yovits, Marshall C. (1990). Advances in computers. Vol. 30. Academic Press. p. 244. ISBN 0120121301.
  11. ^ Вергасов, Фатех. "Организация здорового накала" (in Russian). pseudology.org. Retrieved 4 September 2010. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  12. ^ Rodgers, Allan L. (1990). The Soviet Far East: geographical perspectives on development. Taylor & Francis. p. 71. ISBN 0415024064.
Bibliography

Dellenbrant, Jan Åke (1986). The Soviet regional dilemma: planning, people, and natural resources. M.E. Sharpe. ISBN 087332384X.

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