User:Titan2456/sandbox
Prime Minister (2018–2022)
[edit]Imran Khan became the 22nd Prime Minister of Pakistan on 17 August 2018 after his oath of office ceremony. He laid out an ambitious agenda for his first 100 days, focusing on rapid reforms in governance, economic development, the merger of FATA with Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, and strengthening national security.[1]
In the economy, Khan addressed a balance of payments and debt crisis in 2018 with bailouts from the IMF.[2] Limiting defence spending, he presided over a shrinking current account deficit, leading to general economic growth between 2019 and 2021 including in the GDP, helped by policies increasing tax collection and investment.[3] Prices rose primarily due to the COVID-19 Pandemic, causing increased inflation, while significant job growth also occurred. He also implemented targeted austerity measures which successfully saved $335 billion dollars, resulting in fiscal deficit decreasing to 1% of the GDP. In security, Khan oversaw an overall improved security climate while also banning certain extremist groups and passing the Zainab Alert Bill for child safety in 2021.
His government restored minority religious sites and implemented overall healthcare and education sector reforms. He launched his flagship Ehsaas Programme in March 2019 which was deemed a success by the United Nations and World Bank. The programme served over 100 million Pakistanis with cash stipends during the COVID-19 Pandemic while also creating a poverty alleviation social safety net. He significantly expanded the Sehat Sahulat Program into a nationwide health card service while aiming to make Pakistan a welfare state. Khan launched the Raast instant payment system alongside overseeing the Kamyab Jawan Program. For climate change, Khan pushed for renewable energy while halting the construction of new coal plants. He launched the Plant for Pakistan initiative and expanded protected areas of Pakistan while successfully dealing with a locust infestation in 2020.
Khan's government also introduced institutional reforms to Pakistan's public sector. Khan’s anti-corruption campaign, launched in 2019, saw politicians originally benefiting from the NRO including Nawaz Sharif and his family face corruption charges, primarily those who were convicted in the Panama Papers Case. Khan faced criticism for the campaign as cracking down on political opposition. Senior members of Khan's own ruling party, including Jahangir Tareen and Aleem Khan faced similar investigation and corruption charges by his government. Under Khan's premiership, the performance of Pakistan's anti-corruption agency, the National Accountability Bureau (NAB) improved significantly while the Corruption Perceptions Index (CPI) produced by Transparency International worsened.
Khan's foreign policy tried to make Pakistan a respected player on the international stage. He emphasized the unity of Muslims in his efforts against Islamophobia and his leadership in the OIC. Khan and his close foreign minister, Shah Mahmood Qureshi, established good relations with Saudi Arabia, although he sought to mediate between Iran and Saudi Arabia in their proxy conflict. Khan maintained a firm stance on the Kashmir issue and refused to negotiate with India until autonomy was restored in Indian-administered Kashmir. He also made the decision to release the shot-down Indian pilot Abinandan and delivered a significant speech on Kashmir in the United Nations General Assembly. Khan also criticized the US drone campaign in Pakistan and said the Taliban-led Afghan government should be recognized and not isolated.
Facing the COVID-19 Pandemic in Pakistan, Khan’s decision to not hold lockdowns initially faced criticism and confusion, though later received praise for his “smart lockdown” strategy including from the United Nations. Pakistan reported low cases compared to other countries and is considered to have handled the pandemic successfully under Khan by observers. Multiple organisations including the IFJ, HRW and RSF reported worsening press freedom under Khan with an alleged media crackdown on journalists, drawing harsh criticism to his government. In response, Khan’s government passed the Protection of Journalists and Media Professionals Bill, 2021. Khan attributes the alleged media crackdown to army laws, saying that the two journalists who reported persecution said something against General Bajwa and that he released both journalists immediately.
No-confidence motion
[edit]In March 2022, a leaked Pakistani diplomatic cypher suggested that U.S. officials, including Donald Lu, encouraged the removal of Imran Khan due to his neutral stance on Russia's invasion of Ukraine and his independent foreign policy, which included closer ties with Russia and China. Khan's ouster was also influenced by pressure from Pakistan's military establishment, led by then-Chief of the Army Staff General Qamar Javed Bajwa, who reportedly disagreed with Khan’s growing tension with the military. After Khan's government dissolved the National Assembly to block a no-confidence motion, the Supreme Court ruled this unconstitutional, and he was removed on April 10, 2022. Khan claimed his ouster was part of a foreign-backed conspiracy, particularly by the U.S., with the army’s tacit support, and criticized Pakistan's "master-slave" relationship with the West. His removal led to widespread protests and political instability, with his party, PTI, continuing to challenge the new government led by Shehbaz Sharif.
Post-premiership
[edit]But if I don’t fight for my country, who will?
Following Khan’s ousting in a no-confidence motion, he began several nationwide rallies, protests and launched a political movement against the succeeding government. Khan also demanded snap elections and launched a campaign officially advocating for democracy and rule of law against Chief of the Army Staff, General Bajwa, accusing him of staging his removal. Polls indicated that Khan’s popularity increased after his premiership, becoming the most popular politician in the country. Khan also oversaw major political crises involving his party, eventually leading to government crackdowns on his party following riots. Khan was entangled in several legal cases on accusations of selling state gifts, inciting riots, breaching marriage laws, a cipher controversy and many other cases, which he and his supporters allege are politically motivated.
Political crisis
[edit]Protests and Activism
[edit]
Political Actions
[edit]
2022 Toshakhana reference case
[edit]The Pakistan Democratic Movement's MNAs brought the Toshakhana case against Khan in August 2022 because he failed to disclose the specifics of gifts from Toshakhana in his yearly report to the Election Commission of Pakistan (ECP).[4] The investigation was started by the ECP, which made its final determination on 21 October 2022, disqualifying Imran from holding public office for making false statements and incorrect declarations regarding his assets and liabilities for the tax year 2020–21 in the reference under Article 63(1)(p) of the constitution of Pakistan.[5][6] Following the verdict, Khan organised the Azadi March II to protest.[7]
Attempted assassination
[edit]On 3 November 2022, Khan was shot in the leg and his foot by a gunman while giving a speech to supporters at a rally in Wazirabad, Punjab, and leading a march to the capital Islamabad to demand snap elections after he was ousted. Automatic gunfire was heard in footage aired on local news channels which also showed Khan being carried away and put in a car, with a bandage visible on his leg. Khan's conditions were not described as critical.[8][9] A PTI party's supporter was killed during the shooting, and eight other people were also wounded. The perpetrator known as Muhammad Naveed was arrested at the scene and claimed that he wanted only to target Khan for "spreading hatred and misleading the people".[10][11] Khan blamed the incumbent government for the assassination plot, primarily prime minister Shehbaz Sharif, Interior minister Rana Sanaullah and the Director General Counter Intelligence of the Inter-Services Intelligence Faisal Naseer.[12][13]
2023 arrests
[edit]First arrest and release
[edit]As a result of an arrest warrant issued by the district and sessions court in Islamabad, the Islamabad Police and Lahore Police started an operation to arrest Khan on 14 March 2023.[14][15] On 9 May, Khan was arrested at the Islamabad High Court by paramilitary forces;[16][17][18] this was over his alleged role in the Al-Qadir Trust case,[19][20] after which PTI-party members had called for nationwide protests.[21][22][23] His arrest led to widespread protests and the May 9 riots.[24] The arrest was later declared illegal by the Supreme Court.[25] Following the 9 May riots, many PTI members deserted Khan and founded the Istehkam-e-Pakistan Party under the leadership of Jahangir Tareen.[26] On 12 May, the Islamabad High Court declared the arrest illegal and mandated Khan's immediate release.[27] Khan was granted protected bail and released on the same day, meaning he could not be re-arrested on those charges for two weeks.[27]
Conviction and second arrest
[edit]On 5 August 2023, Khan was arrested for the second time and sentenced to three years in prison after being found guilty of misusing his premiership from 2018 to 2022 to buy and sell gifts in state possession that were received during visits abroad and worth more than 140 million rupees.[28][29] On 29 August 2023, an appeals court suspended Khan's corruption conviction and three-year prison term, and granted bail.[30][31][32] Despite the suspended conviction in the corruption case, a special court in Islamabad ordered that he remain incarcerated in connection with the "cypher case": Khan has repeatedly alleged that he received a cypher, or diplomatic cable, which contained proof that there was a US led conspiracy with Pakistan's military establishment to oust him from office. The Federal Investigation Agency registered a case against Khan for sharing information on the alleged cypher and leaking state secrets, and thereby violating the Official Secrets Act.[33][34]
On 30 January 2024, Khan was convicted and sentenced to 10 years' imprisonment over the case. Khan reacted by urging voters to "take revenge for every injustice with your vote" in the 2024 Pakistani general election on 8 February. One of his lawyers called the decision illegal, and his legal team planned to appeal the decision.[35] Many observers alleged that the sentence was part of a campaign to sideline Khan and the PTI before the 2024 elections;[36] Khan himself described all the charges against him as "politically motivated". His then-foreign minister and deputy in the PTI, Shah Mahmood Qureshi, was also sentenced to 10 years' imprisonment over the case.[35] Khan's sister Aleema said that prosecutors had sought the death penalty for her brother.[37] The next day, Khan was convicted and sentenced to 14 years' imprisonment for the Toshakhana case,[38] which involved the illegal sale of state gifts given to him and his wife, Bushra Bibi, when he was prime minister.[39] The sentence was suspended on 1 April pending an appeal.[40] On 3 February, Khan and his wife were convicted and sentenced to an additional seven years in prison and fined 500,000 rupees ($1,800) each following a criminal complaint by Bushra Bibi's former husband, Khawar Maneka, saying that Bushra did not complete her Iddat before marrying Khan in 2018.[41] On 16 February, his legal team filed an appeal against the three consecutive convictions.[42]
Since his arrest in August, Khan has been held in the Adiala Jail in Rawalpindi, where his trial was also held.[35] On 8 February, a PTI official said Khan had been allowed to vote in prison for the 2024 Pakistani general election using a postal ballot.[43] On 12 March 2024, the Government of Punjab imposed a two-week ban on visits to the prison.[44]
On 3 June 2024, the Islamabad High Court overturned Khan's conviction on the cypher case.[45] Khan remained in prison due to his conviction for a breach of the marriage laws.[46] On 13 July, Khan's conviction in the marriage case with Bushra Bibi was overturned following an appeal.[47] Khan remained in prison and was then arrested on charges related to the 2023 riots. Since the 2022 no-confidence vote, Khan has been involved in over 150 court cases.[48]
On 8 October 2024, an attempted murder charge was filed against him over the death of a police officer during protests by Khan's supporters in Islamabad.[49]
Imprisonment
[edit]In August 2023, the government submitted a report to the Supreme Court of Pakistan, stating that Khan's daily meals included bread, omelette, curd, and tea for breakfast, along with fresh fruits, vegetables, pulses, rice, and desi mutton cooked in ghee for lunch and dinner. His cell was cleaned daily by a designated sanitary worker, and additional security personnel were deployed for his safety. The Supreme Court had ordered the government to submit this report following Khan's complaints about the conditions in which he was being held.[50]
During Khan's imprisonment, he has retained a presence in Pakistani politics, with reports suggesting a rise in his popularity, particularly among the youth.[51][52][53] There have been a lack of public demonstrations in his favour since his arrest due to media outlets under instructions not to cover PTI's activities, police actions against Khan's supporters making them fearful of arrest, and a reduction in the number of PTI members. The BBC reported that "silent support" for Khan was still strong.[54] Khan has said that his imprisonment has political motivations, alleging involvement by the Pakistan Armed Forces (referred to as The Establishment) and the government of Prime Minister Shehbaz Sharif. Both the military and the government have denied these allegations, with the military labelling them as 'fabricated and malicious,' and Prime Minister Sharif rejecting them as 'blatant lies.'[55][56] While he was brought before the Supreme Court by the jail authorities, Khan alleged that Pakistan is under what he describes as an "undeclared martial law."[57][58] He argues that his detention is part of a broader attempt to suppress democratic forces and weaken opposition.[54] He also stated that he deeply regretted trusting General Bajwa and implicated him in causing the country’s turmoil.[59]
On 30 May 2024, told the Supreme Court that he was living in solitary confinement and the government had put restrictions on his meeting with lawyers and family members. The Pakistani government told the Supreme Court in June that the conditions of Khan's imprisonment included a walking area adjacent to his cell, a cooler, a television, and exercise equipment. It said that Khan has access to a separate kitchen and could meet with his legal team and family. In its submission, the government provided photographs of Khan’s cell and other items and a photo of a meeting between him and his legal team in prison.[60]
In June 2024, a United Nations Working Group on Arbitrary Detention called for Khan's release, arguing that his detention was arbitrary and politically motivated. Khan was sentenced on corruption charges in 2023.[61] Amnesty International raised similar concerns, particularly over the conditions of his imprisonment.[62] In an interview with The Sunday Times in July from prison, Khan said he is being held in a small, 'death cell' typically reserved for terrorists.[63] Khan's legal team and his sister, Aleema Khan, said that the authorities are endangering his health and attempting to weaken him by keeping him in poor conditions, while Aleema also stated that Khan was suffering from an eye infection.[64][65][66] A regular medical examination is performed every two weeks, and no health issues have been reported during his imprisonment by authorities.[67]
On 22 November 2024, the Islamabad High Court granted Khan bail in the Toshakhana case, but he was not released from jail due to multiple other cases against him.[68][69] On 24 November 2024, his supporters marched nationwide, demanding his release.[70]
University of Oxford Chancellor candidacy
[edit]Despite his imprisonment, Khan remains politically active, having applied to run in the 2024 University of Oxford Chancellor Election. His candidacy has gained attention, with supporters promoting the campaign on social media.[71][72]
Khan's candidacy has also attracted some concerns due to the timing, coinciding with ongoing political unrest in Pakistan and his imprisonment on multiple charges, including corruption and sedition. While his supporters argue these charges are politically motivated, critics suggest that his legal battles and the broader political context might distract from his ability to focus on the responsibilities of the role. Some observers see his candidacy as a way to draw international attention to his political situation, which could raise questions about whether his motivations are primarily political rather than academic.[71][72]
Catherine Bennet writing for The Guardian raised concerns over his candidacy due to his controversial statements and affiliations. She pointed to remarks, such as calling Osama bin Laden a "martyr" and his expressed support for the Taliban, particularly regarding their policies on women's education and his views on rape. Khan's suggestions that women must dress modestly to prevent sexual violence were condemned as victim-blaming,[73] undermining efforts to combat gender-based violence and perpetuating harmful stereotypes. These perspectives conflict with Oxford's commitment to diversity, equality, and inclusion. With strong alternative candidates like Lady Elish Angiolini, who prioritises accessibility and social justice, she argues that Khan's candidacy poses a risk to the university's reputation and progressive ideals. She contends that his views indicate a broader disregard for women's rights, rendering him an unsuitable representative for an institution dedicated to equality and safeguarding individual rights.[74]
Asad Iqbal writing for The Oxford Blue, Daniel Hannan writing for Zeteo and Peter Oborne writing for the Middle East Eye stated that Imran Khan is the ideal pick for chancellor, due to his achievements, primarily citing moral strength and his personal values as reasons. Oborne had concerns about human rights and media freedom under Khan's premiership. Oborne further said that Khan would be the only candidate that cares about the plight of the Palestinians. He was also praised by Iqbal for his establishment of the Shaukat Khanum Cancer Memorial Hospital, which Iqbal stated was another reason for Khan being fit for the role. Iqbal went on to praise Khan’s flagship Ehsaas Programme and called Khan a "champion of women’s participation in governance".[75][76][77]
On 18 October 2024, University officials excluded him from the race of chancellorship stating that his candidacy was disqualified based on established exclusion criteria, which led to the acceptance of 38 out of over 40 applicants. Key factors cited include Khan's prior conviction and his active political role, which were seen as inconsistent with the requirements for the position. Legal analysis from King's Counsel Hugh Southey of Matrix Chambers, as well as policy advocacy group Beltway Grid, said that Oxford's regulations set standards of integrity and impartiality that Khan did not meet.[78]
Khan's sister, Rubina Khanum, claimed that Zulfi Bukhari "had dragged Imran Khan into the chancellor candidacy race for self-interest," further saying "Imran Khan is in jail; what interest does he have in becoming Oxford University's chancellor?"[79]
Balochistan
[edit]In the rural province of Balochistan, PTI has served as an in government party once, from 2018 to 2022. In the 2013 election, PTI did not win any seats in the Provincial Assembly of Balochistan. In the 2018 election, PTI's Balochistan chapter, headed by Yar Muhammad Rind, won 8 out of 65 seats, gaining significant representation. Following this, PTI joined a provincial coalition government with the Balochistan Awami Party (BAP) under Jam Kamal Khan until 2022. In the 2024 Balochistan election, PTI won two National Assembly seats in Balochistan, but did not win any Provincial Assembly seats.
List of chairmen of the Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf | |||
---|---|---|---|
Order | Image | Chairmen | Year |
1 | Imran Khan | 1996–2023 | |
2 | Gohar Ali Khan | 2023–present |
Imran Khan Article
[edit]Khan and his Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf (PTI) party allege that the 2024 Pakistani general election was rigged, accusing the Pakistan Armed Forces, Election Commission of Pakistan, and the rival Pakistan Muslim League Nawaz (PML-N) party of orchestrating the manipulation.[80][81][82] He alleges that it was his party, PTI which one a landslide election victory but was thwarted with rigging.[83] Khan has repeatedly condemned incumbent Prime Minister Shehbaz Sharif and President Asif Ali Zardari calling them corrupt,[84] though he has stated that it is the Army Chief, General Asim Munir who Khan claims is “calling the shots” in the country’s politics.[85]
He also singles out former Chief of Army Staff, General Qamar Javed Bajwa as responsible for the country's political instability and implicates former Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif in a conspiracy dubbed the "London Plan," allegedly executed in cooperation with the army. Khan has further criticized Election Commissioner Sikandar Sultan Raja and Chief Justice Qazi Faez Isa for what he describes as the erosion of the constitution.
Imran Khan selected Ali Amin Gandapur for the role of Chief Minister of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, who was elected to the position on 7 March 2024 and actively advocates for Khan’s release. Barrister Gohar Ali Khan was also selected by Khan as the party chairman for the PTI. Despite rumors of potential negotiations with the military establishment, Khan resolutely denies engaging in any such discussions, maintaining a firm stance against any collaboration with the military. Despite Khan’s status in jail, he has given political interviews through his legal team to a number of news outlets.
He also has initiated nationwide rallies including in Islamabad to advocate for the restoration of rule of law and democracy, comparing the current government to the regime of military dictator General Yahya Khan.
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