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Killing of Brian Thompson

Coordinates: 40°45′46.2″N 73°58′47.1″W / 40.762833°N 73.979750°W / 40.762833; -73.979750
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Killing of Brian Thompson
A dirty frame of CCTV footage covering the sidewalk. The assassin stands at the bottom left, wearing a hooded jacket, training his sidearm at Johnson, in the center, his back facing the camera.
A security camera captures the moment the shooter fires the first shot at Thompson (center, blue suit)
Map
Location of the killing
LocationOutside the New York Hilton Midtown in New York City, U.S.
Coordinates40°45′46.2″N 73°58′47.1″W / 40.762833°N 73.979750°W / 40.762833; -73.979750
DateDecember 4, 2024; 24 days ago (2024-12-04)
6:45 am[1] (EST)
TargetBrian Thompson
Attack type
Shooting
WeaponSuppressed 9×19mm pistol
VictimBrian Thompson
AssailantUnidentified
MotiveUnknown; possible retaliation against the health insurance industry.[2]

Brian Thompson, CEO of UnitedHealthcare, was shot and killed outside an entrance to the New York Hilton Midtown in Manhattan, New York City, on December 4, 2024.[3] He was in the city to attend an annual investors meeting for UnitedHealth Group, the parent company of UnitedHealthcare, whose headquarters are in the suburbs of Minneapolis, Minnesota. Authorities believe the attack was not random and are investigating it as an assassination. The shooting occurred early in the morning, and the suspect, described as a white man, fled the scene. As of December 8, no suspects have been apprehended.[4] Thompson had been CEO since April 2021. His family reported that he had received threats in the past.

Thompson's death was widely celebrated by the public, with reactions of contempt and mockery to him and the company coming largely through the social media medium. The assailant received praise while the killing was regarded as deserved; these attitudes were generally attributed to anger over UnitedHealth's business practices and those of the United States health insurance industry at large – primarily their strategies to deny coverage to clients, with attention brought to the resulting harm or death experienced by the denied clients. Conversely, the killing drew condemnation and elicited sympathy from a number of politicians, commentators, and corporate executives.[5]

Background

Thompson was the chief executive officer (CEO) of UnitedHealthcare, the insurance arm of UnitedHealth Group, from April 2021 until his death.[6][7] His widow, Paulette, mentioned that threats had been made on his life related to lack of coverage, saying to NBC News: "I don't know details. I just know that he said there were some people that had been threatening him."[8]

After Thompson's death, it was reported that he was facing a lawsuit accusing him and other executives of insider trading, after they reportedly sold millions of dollars of stock while the company was the subject of a federal investigation that was not disclosed to shareholders. UnitedHealth was under Department of Justice investigation since October 2023, and insiders including Thompson were able to sell US$120 million of personally held UnitedHealth shares before the stock value dropped.[9]

UnitedHealthcare insures 49 million Americans and had $281 billion in revenue for the 2023 fiscal year.[10] In 2021, Thompson was criticized in an open letter from the American Hospital Association due to a UnitedHealthcare plan to start denying payment for what it deemed as non-critical visits to hospital emergency rooms.[11] UnitedHealthcare has been widely criticized for its handling of claims.[12] It and other insurers were named in an October 2024 report from the US Senate Permanent Subcommittee on Investigations showing a surge in prior authorization denials for Medicare Advantage patients.[10] Additionally under Thompson's leadership, UnitedHealthcare began using artificial intelligence (AI) to automate claim denials, resulting in patients being unable to access needed medical care.[13] A class action suit filed against UnitedHealth Group in November 2023 alleged the company knowingly employed an AI model that had a 90% error rate.[14] In September 2024, a demonstration was held outside of UnitedHealth Group subsidiary and pharmacy services provider Optum's headquarters in Eden Prairie, Minnesota, with protestors claiming Optum's business practices inflate medicine costs and force independent pharmacies out of business.[15]

Killing

CCTV video of Thompson being shot in the back

Thompson was in New York City for an annual UnitedHealth Group investors meeting, having arrived in the city on December 2.[16] On December 4, 2024, at around 6:45 a.m. EST, as Thompson was walking along West 54th Street toward the New York Hilton Midtown hotel that was hosting the meeting, he was shot by a man dressed in a light-brown or cream-colored hoodie and armed with a suppressed 9 mm pistol.[17][18] ABC News initially reported that the shooter might have used a B&T Station SIX pistol purchased in Connecticut,[16] but police later investigated and found no connection to the purchase.[19] Police were further investigating the gun used in the murder to see if it was a Veterinary Pistol early on in the investigation.[20] The gun appeared to malfunction after each shot, forcing the shooter to manually cycle the action.[21]

The killer had waited outside the building for several minutes and shot Thompson several times from approximately 20 feet (6 m) away, striking him in the back and right calf.[22] New York City Police Department (NYPD) officials initially said that the killer fled the scene on an electric Citi Bike, but the Citi Bike's parent company, Lyft, later said the NYPD had retracted that claim.[23]

Thompson was taken to Mount Sinai West hospital, where he was pronounced dead at 7:12 a.m.[24] The NYPD and Mayor Eric Adams said the killing appeared to be targeted and was not a random attack.[24]

Assailant

The suspect was described by police as a white man, approximately 6'1" tall, wearing a light-brown or cream-colored hooded jacket, dark pants, and black sneakers with white soles. He had a gray backpack and concealed his face with a black face mask.[17][23][25][26] Police said he appeared to be proficient in the use of firearms as seen by how quickly he cleared the 9mm pistol used in the shooting after it appeared to jam.[22] The suspect was described as being "extremely camera savvy,"[27] and as of December 7 has not been apprehended.[4]

The suspect arrived in New York City on November 24 on a Greyhound bus. The bus route began in Atlanta, but authorities do not know from which city or town the suspect boarded.[28][12] The suspect checked into the HI New York City Hostel on the Upper West Side of Manhattan—formerly the Association Residence Nursing Home—on November 24 with a fake New Jersey identification card and paid in cash.[29][30] The suspect stayed all but one night of the 10 days he was in New York City at the hostel, checking out on December 3.[12] According to two sources interviewed by The New York Times as first reported on December 5, 2024, investigators have not been able to identify the suspect.[31] Police said on December 6 that the suspect left the city via the George Washington Bridge Bus Station.[32][33]

Investigation

On December 4, the NYPD offered up to $10,000 for information on the shooter.[34] On December 5, authorities released images of a suspect taken from surveillance cameras at the hostel and a Starbucks café.[35] Two stills show the suspect's face including one with him smiling widely at a female desk attendant at the hostel, reportedly taking his mask off after flirting with the attendant.[36][37] In addition to the $10,000 reward offered by the NYPD, the FBI joined the investigation and has offered up to $50,000 reward for information leading to arrest and conviction.[38]

Delay, deny, depose

The words "delay", "deny", and "depose"[4] were found written on shell casings at the scene.[16] "Depose" was written on a shell casing from a round that was fired into the victim, and "delay" was written on a live round that was ejected while the shooter appeared to rack the pistol, either to clear a jam or intentionally eject a live round. The police believe it may indicate a motive, as they are similar to "delay, deny, defend", a popular insurance industry phrase about not paying out claims.[21] Delay, Deny, Defend is a 2010 book by Jay M. Feinman, a retired Rutgers Law School professor, in which he critiques the American insurance system.

Feinman defines these terms in the book.

  • "Delay" refers to the practice of postponing approvals for care or imposing prerequisites for care so that patients give up their interest in the procedures requested.
  • "Deny" refers to the practice of denying claims regardless of merit.
  • "Defend", a word not included on the casings, refers to the practice of forcing patients who attempt to sue their health insurance into expensive litigation.[39]
  • To "depose" has many definitions in English, one of which is to "remove a person from power".

Apart from the ammunition casings, a water bottle, candy wrapper, and a phone believed to be connected to the shooter were also recovered from the scene.[37] On December 6, police said they found the shooter's backpack in Central Park.[40] It contained a Tommy Hilfiger jacket and Monopoly money.[41]

Response

Family

Thompson's widow, Paulette, released a statement after the killing saying that she and her family are "shattered by the senseless killing" and called her husband an "incredibly loving, generous, talented man" and "incredibly loving father to our two sons".[37] Shortly following the death, two of the houses owned by Thompson's family were swatted.[42]

Politicians

In response to the killing, public officials including Minnesota governor Tim Walz and Senator Amy Klobuchar expressed dismay and offered condolences to the family. Walz said that he knew Thompson.[43] House representative Dean Phillips wrote that he was "horrified by the assassination of my constituent, Brian Thompson, this morning in NYC and have his family in my prayers."[44]

Healthcare corporations

Both CVS Health, which operates Aetna, and UnitedHealthcare removed photographs and other information about their executive leadership from their websites following Thompson's killing.[45][46] Additionally, the days following Thompson's death saw a surge in inquiries about protective services and security for CEOs and corporate executives, according to Allied Universal.[47] Michael Sherman, the former chief medical officer at Point32Health, justified the concerns of health insurance executives, saying, "It doesn't seem paranoid to worry that someone who's had services denied that they may believe are important might be in an emotionally unstable state."[48] Referring to the online response to Thompson's death, Jeffrey Sonnenfeld, who runs the Chief Executive Leadership Institute, affiliated with Yale, said, "we've seen the frightening, uncanny conversion of angry and deranged people."[47] One health insurance executive was quoted by the Financial Times as saying that threats against health insurance companies are common, and that "We'd have times when you'd deny [coverage] and the parent would freak out". Another executive was quoted saying "What's most disturbing is the ability of people to hide behind their keyboards and lose their humanity."[49][50]

After the killing, Blue Cross Blue Shield Association reversed a controversial decision to place time limits on coverage for surgical anesthesia in Connecticut, New York, and Missouri.[51]

Public response

See also: Social class in the United States

On social media, many people expressed their contempt for Thompson, UnitedHealthcare, and the American health insurance system while praising the unknown assailant for his actions.[52][53][54] Users shared personal stories of harm and death suffered as a result of claim denials,[50][55] and joked about the killing with memes and gallows humor.[48] Anthony Zenkus, a lecturer at Columbia University, said on social media: "Today, we mourn the death of . . . Brian Thompson, gunned down . . . wait I’m sorry — today we mourn the deaths of 68,000 Americans who needlessly die each year so that insurance company execs like Brian Thompson can become multimillionaires".[49] One physician told The Daily Beast that they believed the perpetrator should be brought to justice, but also stated that Thompson's role as CEO had led to a great amount of suffering and loss of life, which he described as "on the order of millions", adding that "[it is] hard for me to sympathize when so many people have suffered because of his company".[56] A popular comment on the r/nursing subreddit mocked Thompson's death by emulating a denial of coverage letter for Thompson's emergency care.[50] The Network Contagion Research Institute found that with the most engaged-with posts on X, six out of ten of them implicitly or explicitly supported the killing or denigrated Thompson. Some highlighted comments called for further assassinations of CEOs and class war;[57] a researcher at the institute said that the assassination was framed as "some opening blow in a class war" and that praise for the killing came from across the political spectrum.[50]

After Thompson's death, UnitedHealthcare's parent company, UnitedHealth Group, published a statement on Facebook detailing the death and their official condolences. Though the post's comment section was deactivated, approximately 90,000 Facebook users responded to the post with a "Haha" (or "laughing") reaction with only 2,200 "Sad" reactions as of December 6.[58][50] Journalist Taylor Lorenz reposted the photo of another health insurance company CEO with a blank section for date of death, accompanied by a caption pondering about whether to send "you're next" to other CEOs who are in the same industry. Lorenz later said that she was "explaining the public sentiment" and not personally in favor of violence.[50] Robert Pape, an expert in political violence at the University of Chicago, told The Guardian that the response of online commentators was indicative of Americans' growing acceptance of violence to settle civil disputes.[48] Similarly, relative to other high-profile crimes, the killing saw little internet vigilantism and amateur detective work, with multiple true crime influencers expressing apathy towards the prospect of identifying the perpetrator.[4] Some work was done by internet sleuths to try to solve the murder, while a counter effort against them was launched, with NPR reporting that these internet users were being "villainiz[ed]" for their amateur attempts to aid the investigation—efforts which received mixed response from qualified experts.[59]

Timeline

Time (EST) Event Ref.
10:11 p.m., Nov 24 Suspect arrives in New York City on a Greyhound bus which originated in Atlanta and made up to seven stops en route. [32]
Nov 24 Suspect checks into the HI New York City Hostel on the Upper West Side of Manhattan. [60]
Suspect cases out the New York Hilton Midtown hotel.
Nov 29 Suspect checks out of the HI New York City Hostel. [12]
Nov 30 Suspect checks back into the HI New York City Hostel. [12]
5:30 a.m., Dec 4 Suspect leaves the hostel, thought to be by bike. [32]
6:15 a.m., Dec 4 Suspect seen leaving the 57th Street F Train subway stop. [61]
6:17 a.m., Dec 4 Suspect buys coffee, water, and granola bars at a Starbucks café two blocks away from the New York Hilton Midtown hotel, discarding the coffee cup and water bottle. [61][62][18][63]
6:30 a.m., Dec 4 Surveillance footage captures the suspect walking while talking on the phone. [28]
approx. 6:39 a.m., Dec 4 Suspect arrives in front of the New York Hilton Midtown hotel and waits for several minutes. [18][62]
approx. 6:40 a.m., Dec 4 Thompson leaves the Marriott hotel he stayed at the prior night, heading toward the New York Hilton Midtown hotel. [22]
6:44 a.m., Dec. 4 Thompson walks along the sidewalk toward the New York Hilton Midtown hotel and the assailant shoots him multiple times, racking his pistol after it appeared to jam; the suspect immediately flees northbound via a pedestrian walkway. [18][64]
6:46 a.m., Dec 4 Police respond to a 911 call reporting that a person has been shot. [18]
6:48 a.m., Dec 4 Officers arrive on scene and find Thompson with multiple gunshot wounds to his back and leg; he is taken to the hospital.
Assailant is seen riding an e-bike north into Central Park. 		[18][61]
6:59 a.m., Dec 4 A person appearing to be the suspect is seen riding a bike on West 85th St. [22]
7:04 a.m., Dec 4 Suspect gets into a northbound taxi on 86th Street and Amsterdam Avenue. [32]
7:12 a.m., Dec 4 Thompson is declared dead at Mt. Sinai Hospital. [18]
7:30 a.m., Dec 4 Suspect arrives at George Washington Bridge Bus Station. [32]
8:00 a.m., Dec 4 UnitedHealth Group investor meeting begins. [24]
9:00 a.m., Dec 4 UnitedHealth Group CEO Andrew Witty cancels the rest of the investor meeting. [65]

See also

References

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