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Alabama Ancient Savanna Species List

The U.S. state of Alabama from an estimated 129,000 years ago to approximately 300 years ago was a mix of open grasslands and savannas, in contrast to the closed canopy forests which cover most of the state today. Most of these savannas were a mixture of pine savannas and oak savannas with areas lacking any trees being basic open grasslands. This habitat was somewhat similar to the modern savannas of Africa although the main difference being the temperature. While summer months were hot and somewhat dry with temperatures ranging from estimated highs of 85°F – 100°F, winter months were cold and wet with lows reaching down to an estimated -20°F – 10°F. The landscape was also dominated by many extinct animal species such as Short faced bear, Columbian mammoth, American mastodon, Great bison, Wild horses, American camels, Giant ground sloths, Dire wolfs, American lions, and the American cheetah.

Extant - 4

Extinct in State - 4

Permanently Extinct - 13

(‡) Permanently Extinct - A native species which is permanently extinct on earth.

(†) Extinct in the wild/Extinct in State - A native species which is extinct in the State of Alabama.

Armadillos

Image	Scientific Name	Common Name	Genus	Temporal Range (Age)	Year of Extinction	Extinction Event
	Glyptotherium texanum	North American Glyptodont/North American Giant Armadillo (‡)	Glyptotherium	Approx. 3.6Ma – 11,300 years ago	~9280 B.C.	Holocene
	Dasypus novemcinctus	Nine-Banded Armadillo	Dasypus	Approx. 50,000 – Present	–	–

Bison

Image	Scientific Name	Common Name	Genus	Temporal Range (Age)	Year of Extinction	Extinction Event
	Bison bison	American Bison/American Buffalo (†)	Bison	Approx. 30,000 – 254 years ago	1770	Holocene
	Bison latifrons	Great Bison (‡)	Bison	Approx. 120,000 – 11,000 years ago	~10,000 B.C.	Holocene
	Bison antiquus	Ancient Bison (‡)	Bison	Approx. 60,000 – 10,000 years ago	~9,000 B.C.	Holocene

Bobcats/Cheetahs/Jaguars/Lions/Tigers

Image	Scientific Name	Common Name	Genus	Temporal Range (Age)	Year of Extinction	Extinction Event
	Panthera onca	American Jaguar (†)	Panthera	Approx. 850,000 – 138 years ago	1886	Holocene
	Panthera atrox	American Lion (‡)	Panthera	Approx. 129,000 – 12,800 years ago	~10,780 B.C.	Late Pleistocene
	Smilodon fatalis	American Saber-Toothed Tiger (‡)	Smilodon	2.5Ma – 10,000 years ago	~7,980 B.C.	Holocene
	Homotherium serum	American Scimitar-Toothed Tiger (‡)	Homotheriun	4Ma – 12,000 years ago	~9980 B.C.	Late Pleistocene
	Puma concolor couguar	Eastern Mountain Lion (‡)	Puma	Approx. 1.2Ma – 76 years ago	1948	Holocene
	Puma concolor couguar	Florida Mountain Lion (†)	Puma	Approx. 1.2Ma – 94 years ago	1930	Holocene
	Puma concolor couguar	North American Mountain Lion (†)	Puma	Approx. 1.2Ma – 94 years ago	1930	Holocene
	Lynx rufus	Red Bobcat	Lynx	Approx. 3.2Ma – Present	-	-

Deer

Image	Scientific Name	Common Name	Genus	Temporal Range (Age)	Year of Extinction	Extinction Event
	Odocoileus virginianus osceola	Florida Costal White-Tailed Deer	Odocoileus	Approx. 7,000 – Present	–	–
	Odocoileus virginianus virginianus	Virginia White-Tailed Deer	Odocoileus	Approx 11,000 – Present	–	–

Gomphotheres/Mammoths/Mastodons

Image	Scientific Name	Common Name	Genus	Temporal Range (Age)	Year of Extinction	Extinction Event
	Cuvieronius hyodon	American Gomphothere(‡)	Cuvieronius	Approx. 1.5Ma – 12,000 years ago	~9970 B.C.	Late Pleistocene
	Mammut americanum	American Mastodon (‡)	Mammut	Approx. 8Ma – 11,345 years ago	~9300 B.C.	Holocene
	Mammuthus columbi	Columbian Mammoth (‡)	Mammuthus	Approx. 1.5Ma – 12,000 years ago	~9970 B.C.	Late Pleistocene

Elk

Image	Scientific Name	Common Name	Genus	Temporal Range (Age)	Year of Extinction	Extinction Event
	Cervus canadensis canadensis	Eastern Elk/Wapiti (‡)	Cervus	Approx. 5,000 – 147 years ago	1877	Holocene

Sloths

Image	Scientific Name	Common Name	Genus	Temporal Range (Age)	Year of Extinction	Extinction Event
	Megalonyx jeffersonii	Jefferson Ground Sloth (‡)	Megalonyx	Approx. 5Ma – 12,000 years ago	~9980 B.C.	Late Pleistocene
	Paramylodon harlani	Harland’s Ground Sloth (‡)	Paramylodon	Approx. 4.9Ma – 12,000 years ago	~9980 B.C.	Late Pleistocene