Johanna Döbereiner
Johanna Döbereiner | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Born | Johanna Liesbeth Kubelka 28 November 1924 |
| Died | 5 October 2000 (aged 75) |
| Nationality | Brazilian |
| Alma mater | Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich |
| Spouse | Jürgen Döbereiner |
| Parent | Paul Kubelka (father) |
| Awards | UNESCO Science Prize (1989) Brazilian Order of Scientific Merit Premio México de Ciencia y Tecnología (1992) |
Johanna Liesbeth Kubelka Döbereiner (28 November 1924 – 5 October 2000) was a Brazilian agronomist and pioneer in soil biology.
Biography
[edit]Döbereiner was born in Ústí nad Labem, in what was the Republic of Czechoslovakia, which is now the Czech Republic on the 28 November 1924.[1] Her family were German Czechoslovakians from Aussig in Bohemia, which at the time of their birth was the Austria–Hungary Empire, who left their country after World War II.[2] Her father was Professor Paul Kubelka and her mother Margarethe Kubelka. Her name Döbereiner came from her husband Jürgen Döbereiner, who she met in Munich. Interestingly, her name became similar to the famous chemist Johann Wolfgang Döbereiner, who was born in Hof, Bavaria, in the border with Bohemia.
Johanna Döbereiner received her degree from the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, but settled in Brazil and became a Brazilian citizen in 1956. Her early work includes studies of Azospirillum and other bacteria that could be useful to Brazilian soil.[3] She later played an important role in Brazil's soybean production by encouraging a reliance on varieties that solely depended on biological nitrogen fixation.[4]
As a consequence of her research and ideas, numerous soybean plantations in Brazil are now completely supplied for nitrogen (N) by rhizobia and not using any N-fertilizers.[5] This movement has had big benefits, because Brazil, together with the U.S., are the main producers of soybean in the world (ca. 50% world production).[6] Considering that soybeans are one of the most important global sources of protein (mainly fed to animals that in turn becomes animal protein for human consumption), this implies that significant amount of global protein comes from an ecological biological process without the use of industrial chemical fertilizers.
This was one of the reasons that Johanna Döbereiner was indicated for the Nobel Prize in the 1990s.[7]
The Johanna Döbereiner Biological Resources Center was named in her honour in 2017.[8]
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ "Women Pioneers in Plant Biology". American Society of Plant Biologists. Retrieved 2020-06-04.
- ^ "Quem foi Johanna Döbereiner". 19 June 2018. Retrieved 2019-04-19.
- ^ "History of discovery of N2-fixing organisms, UCLA" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on July 9, 2010. Retrieved 2012-04-14.
- ^ Baldani, J.I.; et al. (2002). "Johanna Döbereiner Memorial Lecture". In Finan, Turlough M.; et al. (eds.). Nitrogen Fixation: Global Perspectives : Proceedings of the 13th International Congress on Nitrogen Fixation, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada, 2-7 July 2001. CABI Publishing. p. 3. ISBN 9781845933357.
- ^ "Brazil farmers plant legumes as mini fertilizer factories". 16 November 2018. Retrieved 2019-04-16.
- ^ "Brazil large soy producer". Reuters. 11 May 2018. Retrieved 2019-04-16.
- ^ "When will Brazil have a Nobel Prize". Retrieved 2019-04-16.
- ^ "Biological resource center is inaugurated in Rio de Janeiro". www.embrapa.br. Retrieved 2020-06-04.
| International | |
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| National | |
| Academics | |
| People | |
| Other | |
- 1924 births
- 2000 deaths
- People from Ústí nad Labem
- Czechoslovak emigrants to Brazil
- Brazilian agronomists
- Brazilian women scientists
- Brazilian scientists
- Sudeten German people
- Women agronomists
- TWAS fellows
- 20th-century women scientists
- Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich alumni
- Recipients of the National Order of Scientific Merit (Brazil)
- Naturalized citizens of Brazil
- 20th-century agronomists
- Members of the Pontifical Academy of Sciences