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Anil Kumar Gupta (scientist)

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Prof. Anil Kumar Gupta (IIT KGP)

Anil Kumar Gupta is a scientist and researcher from India who served as a Professor in the Department of Geology and Geophysics at the Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur untill 2025.[1] He was also the former director (2010–2017) of the Wadia Institute of Himalayan Geology, Dehradun, India. His teaching interests include applied micropaleontology, paleoceanography and marine geosciences.

With a focus on the Indian monsoon, Gupta has made contributions to the fields of micropaleontology, paleoclimatology, and paleoceanography with special reference to the Indian monsoon system. He carried the publication of Inventory of Glacial Lakes of Uttarakhand.[2] More than 176 of his articles in high-impact journals have been published in journals like Nature, Science, Nature Geoscience, Scientific Reports, Geology, Geophysical Research Letters, and Palaeo3 . In order to understand the history of Indian monsoon variability as well as oceanic changes in the Indian Ocean, Gupta has a long history of scientific acumen and research nuances[peacock prose]. He has studied benthic and planktic foraminifera as well as their stable isotopes from Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) cores.[3] At time scales ranging from decadal to millennial and orbital, he has made contributions to the knowledge of the past behavior of the Indian monsoon system and ocean circulation. His research includes the first description of the Indian Ocean Dipole in a paleo record and the documentation of Bond cycles[4] in the paleo record of the Indian monsoon over the Holocene.

To understand precipitation variations in the region, Gupta has initiated new research projects on lake deposits and cave carbonates (speleothems) from different parts of the Indian landmass. He has produced the longest speleothem record from India that documents important shifts in the intensity of the Indian monsoon for the first time.[5] At the Indian Institute of Technology in Kharagpur, he has created laboratories that meet international standards and had the equipment necessary to do high resolution paleo-monsoonal research utilizing marine sediments, lake deposits, cave carbonates. Prof. Gupta has mentored 20 Ph.D. students.

Early life and career

Gupta was born in Budaun district of Uttar Pradesh in 1960. In 1980 he completed his Bachelor of Science with Honors (B.Sc. [Hons]) from Aligarh Muslim University, and in 1982 he pursued Master of Science (M.Sc.) from Banaras Hindu University.[3]

Since 2003, Gupta has been working as a Professor in the Department of Geology and Geophysics at the Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Kharagpur. Prior to that, he worked as a lecturer (1987–1990), Assistant Professor (1990–1999), and Associate Professor (1999–2003) in the same institution. He was also the department's head during 2006-2009.In 2010, he became the director of the Wadia Institute of Himalayan Geology, Dehradun, and served it for seven years.Thereafter, he retired from the post of Professor in the Department of Geology and Geophysics at the Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur in 2025.

From 1982 to 1987, he was a research fellow at the Banaras Hindu University. In 1990, he visited Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, USA, for a year to do his post-doctoral research. Gupta also worked as a senior NRC, USA Research Scientist at National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Boulder, USA in 2001.[3]

Honours and achievements

Anil Kumar Gupta receiving TWAS Prize 2010 from The World Academy of Sciences

Gupta has received different awards. In 2010 he received TWAS Prize from the World Academy of Sciences, Trieste. In 2012, he was granted the “J.C. Bose National Fellowship” by the Department of Science and Technology (DST), New Delhi, India. The Indian Science Congress Association honored him with the “Young Scientist Award” in 1990 for his remarkable contribution to Indian scientific research. The National Research Council (NRC) of the United States of America awarded him a Senior Research Fellowship Award in 2001 to work at the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Lab in Boulder, Colorado. In 1999, Gupta received Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) Fellowship to work at Shimane University, Matsue, Japan.[1]

His honors and achievements include:

Research

Gupta on the 22nd annual meeting of The World Academy of Sciences in Trieste, Italy

Gupta's work focuses on decadal to century and millennial scale changes in the South Asian/Indian monsoon and their teleconnection with climatic shifts in the North Atlantic based on proxy records from the Arabian Sea, Indian Himalaya and Ganga Basin. He and his team have made new insights in utilizing microfossil foraminifera from the Arabian Sea to identify both short- and long-term shifts in the South Asian/Indian monsoon during the Quaternary.[8][9][10] His studies have made advances in linking Asian/Indian monsoon failures to societal collapses,[11][12] human migrations and changes in agricultural practices in South Asia during the Holocene. His recent studies from the Himalayan and Ganga Basin lakes indicate a long arid phase during 4,350-2,900 years BP that led to the displacement of Indus settlements and a major change in agricultural practices including land use pattern.[13] Furthermore, his studies foresee more extreme events in the Asian/Indian monsoon behavior in future as the Earth will warm owing to both natural forcing and human intervention. These research findings provide means to better perform climate modelling efforts.

Books and publications

Gupta is known for his research work that has societal impact. He has about 176 peer reviewed research papers in high impact factor journals including Nature, Science, Nature Geoscience, Nature Scientific Reports, Geology and Geophysical Research Letters, etc.[14] He has published a book entitled "Neogene Deep Water Benthic Foraminifera from the Indian Ocean – A Monograph" on Nova publishers. Some of his notable publications are listed below:

  • Anderson, D.M., Overpeck, J.T. and Gupta, A.K., 2002. Increase in the Asian southwest monsoon during the past four centuries. Science, 297(5581), pp. 596–599.[9]
  • Gupta, A.K., Anderson, D.M. and Overpeck, J.T., 2003. Abrupt changes in the Asian southwest monsoon during the Holocene and their links to the North Atlantic Ocean. Nature, 421(6921), pp. 354–357.[8]
  • Gupta, A.K., 2008. Monsoons, Quaternary. In: Vivian Gornitz (Ed.) Encyclopedia of Paleoclimatology and Ancient Environments, Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, pp. 589 – 594.[15]
  • Raj, M.S., De, S., Mohan, K. and Gupta, A.K., 2009. Benthic foraminifera Uvigerina proboscidea as a proxy for winter monsoon (late Pliocene to Recent): DSDP Site 219, northwestern Indian Ocean. In: Geoenvironment, Challenges Ahead, Bhat, G.M., Pandita, S.K., Singh, Y. and Lone, B.A. (Eds), MacMillan, New Delhi, 311-318.[16]
  • Quadir, D.A., Gupta, A.K., Phadtare, N.R., Shrestha, A.B., Chauhan, O.S., Kolli, R.K., Sheikh, M.M., Manzoor, N., Adnan, M., Ashraf, J., Khan, A.M., Chauhan, M.S., Meloth, T., Yadav, R.R., Chakravorty, S., Roy, P.D., and Devkota, L.P., 2009. Instrumental, terrestrial and marine records of the climate of South Asia during the Holocene: Present status, unresolved problems and societal aspects. In: Monsoon Asia: Integrated Regional Studies (MAIRS) SCOPE/START Rapid Assessment, START, A.P. Mitra and C. Sharma (eds.), Chapter 3, p. 54-124.[17]
  • De, S., Sarkar, S. and Gupta, A.K., 2010. Orbital and suborbital variability in the equatorial Indian Ocean as recorded in sediments of the Maldives Ridge (ODP Hole 716A) during the past 444 ka. In: Clift, P.D., Tada, R. and Zheng, H. (Eds.), Monsoon Evolution and Tectonics – Climate Linage in Asia, Geological Society of London, Special Publications, v. 342, 17-27.[18]
  • Singh, V. S., Pandey, D.N., Gupta, A.K. and Ravindranath, N.H., 2010. Climate Change Impacts, Mitigation and Adaptation: Science for Generating Policy Options in Rajasthan, India. RSPCB Occasional Paper No. 2/2010, Rajasthan State Pollution Control Board, Jaipur, India, p. 1-150.
  • Dobhal, D.P., Mehta, M., Kesarwani, K. and Gupta, A.K., 2014. Consequence of instability Processes triggered by heavy rainfall in Mandakini Valley, Central Himalaya, India. In: Rawat, U.S. and Semwal, V.P. (Eds.), Uttarakhand Disaster: Contemporary Issues of Climate Change and Development with Holistic Approach. Winsar Publishing Co., Dehradun, pp. 20–34.[19]
  • Bhambri, R., Mehta, M., Dobhal, D.P., and Gupta, A.K., 2015. Glacial Lake Inventory of Uttarakhand. Wadia Institute of Himalayan Geology, Dehradun, pp. 78.[20]
  • Mehta, M., Dobhal, D.P., Shukla, T. and Gupta, A.K., 2016. Instability Processes triggered by heavy rain in the Garhwal region, Uttarakhand, India. Climate Change, Glacier Response, and Vegetation Dynamics in the Himalaya, Chapter 12, p. 219-234.[21]
  • Jayankondam Perumal, R., Thakur, V.C., Joe Vivek, J., Rao, Priyanka Singh, Gupta, Anil Kumar, 2018. Active Tectonics of Kumaon and Garhwal Himalaya (Springer Natural Hazards). Springer; 1st ed. 2018 edition (April 16, 2018).[22]
  • Mehta, Manish, Bhambri, Rakesh, Perumal, J., Srivastava, Pradeep, and Gupta, Anil K., 2018. Uttarakhand Calamity: A Climate Revelation in the Bhagirathi River Valley Uttarakhand, India, Chapter, 10. In: I. Pal, R. Shaw (eds.), Disaster Risk Governance in India and Cross Cutting Issues, Disaster Risk Reduction.[23]
  • Dong, X., Kathayat, G., Rasmussen, S.O., Svensson, A., Severinghaus, J.P., Li, H., Sinha, A., Xu, Y., Zhang, H., Shi, Z. and Cai, Y., 2022. Coupled atmosphere-ice-ocean dynamics during Heinrich Stadial 2. Nature Communications, 13(1), pp. 1–14.[24]
  • Gupta, Anil K., 2022. Neogene Deep Water Benthic Foraminifera from the Indian Ocean – A Monograph. [25]

References

  1. ^ a b "Indian Research Information Network System". irins.inflibnet.ac.in. Retrieved 2022-09-19.
  2. ^ Bhamri, Rakesh; Mehta, Manish; Dobhal, Dwarika P; Gupta, Anil (September 2015). Glacial Lake Inventory of Uttarakhand. Wadia Institute of Himalayan Geology, Dehradun 248001, India.
  3. ^ a b c d "INSA :: Indian Fellow Detail". www.insaindia.res.in. Retrieved 2022-09-19.
  4. ^ Gupta, Anil K.; Das, Moumita; Anderson, David M. (September 2005). "Solar influence on the Indian summer monsoon during the Holocene: INDIAN SUMMER MONSOON-SOLAR LINK". Geophysical Research Letters. 32 (17). doi:10.1029/2005GL022685. S2CID 18954963.
  5. ^ Dutt, Som; Gupta, Anil K.; Clemens, Steven C.; Cheng, Hai; Singh, Raj K.; Kathayat, Gayatri; Edwards, R. Lawrence (2015-07-16). "Abrupt changes in Indian summer monsoon strength during 33,800 to 5500 years B.P.: Indian Summer Monsoon". Geophysical Research Letters. 42 (13): 5526–5532. doi:10.1002/2015GL064015. S2CID 128389396.
  6. ^ "Gupta, Anil Kumar". TWAS. Retrieved 2022-09-19.
  7. ^ "Indian Academy of Sciences". fellows.ias.ac.in. Retrieved 2022-09-19.
  8. ^ a b Gupta, Anil K.; Anderson, David M.; Overpeck, Jonathan T. (January 2003). "Abrupt changes in the Asian southwest monsoon during the Holocene and their links to the North Atlantic Ocean". Nature. 421 (6921): 354–357. Bibcode:2003Natur.421..354G. doi:10.1038/nature01340. ISSN 1476-4687. PMID 12540924. S2CID 4304234.
  9. ^ a b Anderson, David M.; Overpeck, Jonathan T.; Gupta, Anil K. (2002-07-26). "Increase in the Asian Southwest Monsoon During the Past Four Centuries". Science. 297 (5581): 596–599. Bibcode:2002Sci...297..596A. doi:10.1126/science.1072881. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 12142536. S2CID 22269659.
  10. ^ Gupta, Anil K.; Thomas, Ellen (2003). "Initiation of Northern Hemisphere glaciation and strengthening of the northeast Indian monsoon: Ocean Drilling Program Site 758, eastern equatorial Indian Ocean". Geology. 31 (1): 47–50. Bibcode:2003Geo....31...47G. doi:10.1130/0091-7613(2003)031<0047:ionhga>2.0.co;2. Retrieved 2022-09-19.
  11. ^ Singh, Shweta; Gupta, Anil K.; Rawat, Suman; Bhaumik, Ajoy K.; Kumar, Pankaj; Rai, Santosh K. (2022-08-20). "Paleomonsoonal shifts during ~13700 to 3100 yr BP in the central Ganga Basin, India with a severe arid phase at ~4.2 ka". Quaternary International. Understanding the Late Quaternary Paleomonsoon and Paleoenvironmental Shifts of Asia. 629: 65–73. doi:10.1016/j.quaint.2021.01.015. ISSN 1040-6182. S2CID 234065517.
  12. ^ Kathayat, Gayatri; Cheng, Hai; Sinha, Ashish; Yi, Liang; Li, Xianglei; Zhang, Haiwei; Li, Hangying; Ning, Youfeng; Edwards, R. Lawrence (December 2017). "The Indian monsoon variability and civilization changes in the Indian subcontinent". Science Advances. 3 (12): e1701296. Bibcode:2017SciA....3E1296K. doi:10.1126/sciadv.1701296. ISSN 2375-2548. PMC 5733109. PMID 29255799.
  13. ^ Dutt, Som; Gupta, Anil K.; Wünnemann, Bernd; Yan, Dada (2018-07-20). "A long arid interlude in the Indian summer monsoon during ~4,350 to 3,450 cal. yr BP contemporaneous to displacement of the Indus valley civilization". Quaternary International. 482: 83–92. doi:10.1016/j.quaint.2018.04.005. ISSN 1040-6182. S2CID 134976355.
  14. ^ "Anil K. Gupta". scholar.google.co.in. Retrieved 2022-10-19.
  15. ^ Gornitz, Vivien, ed. (2009). Encyclopedia of paleoclimatology and ancient environments. Dordrecht, Netherlands: Springer. ISBN 978-1-4020-4411-3. OCLC 318545637.
  16. ^ Lucia Cerri Triques, Adriana (1992). Amplificação e compressão de pulsos laser de femtossegundos (Thesis). Universidade Estadual de Campinas - Repositorio Institucional. doi:10.47749/t/unicamp.1992.63909.
  17. ^ A.B., Singhvi, A.K. Rupakumar, K. Thamban, M. Gupta, A.K. Kale, V.S. Yadav, R.R. Bhattacharya, A. Phadtare, N.R. Roy, P.D. Chauhan, M.S. Chauhan, O.S. Chakravorty, S. Sheikh, M.M. Manzoor, N. Adnan, M. Ashraf, J. Khan, A.M. Quadir, D.A. Devkota, L.P. Shrestha (2010-03-08). Instrumental, terrestrial and marine records of the climate of South Asia during the Holocene: Present status, unresolved problems and societal aspects. Capital Publishing Co. OCLC 713272918.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  18. ^ De, Soma; Sarkar, Sudipta; Gupta, Anil K. (January 2010). "Orbital and suborbital variability in the equatorial Indian Ocean as recorded in sediments of the Maldives Ridge (ODP Hole 716A) during the past 444 ka". Geological Society, London, Special Publications. 342 (1): 17–27. Bibcode:2010GSLSP.342...17D. doi:10.1144/sp342.3. ISSN 0305-8719. S2CID 129034965.
  19. ^ Rawat, U. S.; Semwal, V. P.; Suman, Dev, eds. (2014). Uttarakhand disaster : contemporary issues of climate change and development with holistic approach: Proceeding of the National Seminar on Uttarakhand Disaster: Contemporary Issues of Climate Change and Development with Holistic Approach. Dehradun, Uttarakhand. ISBN 978-81-86844-58-8. OCLC 934581858.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  20. ^ Bhambri, Rakesh. Glacier lake inventory of Uttarakhand. OCLC 1017963495.
  21. ^ Mehta, Manish; Dobhal, D. P.; Shukla, Tanuj; Gupta, Anil K. (2016), Singh, Rb; Schickhoff, Udo; Mal, Suraj (eds.), "Instability Processes Triggered by Heavy Rain in the Garhwal Region, Uttarakhand, India", Climate Change, Glacier Response, and Vegetation Dynamics in the Himalaya, Cham: Springer International Publishing, pp. 219–234, doi:10.1007/978-3-319-28977-9_12, ISBN 978-3-319-28975-5, retrieved 2022-09-19
  22. ^ Jayangondaperumal, R.; Thakur, V. C.; Joevivek, V.; Singh Rao, Priyanka; Gupta, Anil K. (2018). Active tectonics of Kumaun and Garhwal Himalaya. Singapore. ISBN 978-981-10-8243-6. OCLC 1029075205.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  23. ^ Mehta, Manish; Bhambri, Rakesh; Perumal, J.; Srivastava, Pradeep; Gupta, Anil K. (2018), Pal, Indrajit; Shaw, Rajib (eds.), "Uttarakhand Calamity: A Climate Revelation in the Bhagirathi River Valley Uttarakhand, India", Disaster Risk Governance in India and Cross Cutting Issues, Disaster Risk Reduction, Singapore: Springer Singapore, pp. 193–207, doi:10.1007/978-981-10-3310-0_10, ISBN 978-981-10-3309-4, retrieved 2022-09-19
  24. ^ Dong, Xiyu; Kathayat, Gayatri; Rasmussen, Sune O.; Svensson, Anders; Severinghaus, Jeffrey P.; Li, Hanying; Sinha, Ashish; Xu, Yao; Zhang, Haiwei; Shi, Zhengguo; Cai, Yanjun; Pérez-Mejías, Carlos; Baker, Jonathan; Zhao, Jingyao; Spötl, Christoph (2022-10-04). "Coupled atmosphere-ice-ocean dynamics during Heinrich Stadial 2". Nature Communications. 13 (1): 5867. Bibcode:2022NatCo..13.5867D. doi:10.1038/s41467-022-33583-4. ISSN 2041-1723. PMC 9532435. PMID 36195764.
  25. ^ Kumar Gupta, Anil (2022). Neogene Deep Water Benthic Foraminifera from the Indian Ocean – A Monograph – Nova Science Publishers. doi:10.52305/hppf1438. ISBN 9798886973853. S2CID 252940056. Retrieved 2022-12-11.
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