HMS Garnet
Design and development
The ???s were composite screw corvettes designed by Nathaniel Barnaby for the Royal Navy, The ships combined frames and keels of wrought iron, a stem and stern post of cast iron and cladding of teak, The additional longitudinal strength of the metal frames were designed to afford the opportunity to build in finer lines, and thus higher speeds. The ships did not deliver this better performance, partly due to poor underwater design, and also were prone to oscillate in heavy weather. Garnet was the last of the class to be laid down.[1]
The corvette had a length of 220 ft (67 m), with a beam of 40 ft (12 m) and draught of 18 ft (5.5 m). Displacement was 2,120 long tons (2,150 t).[2] Steam power was provided by six cylindrical boilers feeding a compound engine consisting of two cylinders, working on low and high pressure respectively. This was rated at 2,000 shaft horsepower (1,500 kW) and drove a single shaft, to give a design speed of 13.2 knots (24.4 km/h; 15.2 mph). Range for the class varied between 2,000 and 2,280 nautical miles (3,700 and 4,220 km; 2,300 and 2,620 mi) at 10 knots (19 km/h; 12 mph). The steam engine was complemented by 18,250 sq ft (1,695 m2) of sail, which was ship-rigged. Between 1880 and 1890, this was altered to a barque rig.[1]
Garnet had an armament consisting of 12 slide-mounted 64-pounder rifled muzzle-loading (RML) guns. Five were mounted to each side to provide a broadside, the remainder being fitted in pairs firing through embrasures at each end of the ship. These were later replaced by 14 5 in (130 mm) breech-loading (BL) guns. While retaining the five allocated to each broadside, the new arrangement had the advantage of providing four chase guns between the poop deck and the topgallant forecastle. The ship had a complement of 232 officers and ratings.[1]
Construction and career
Laid down at Chatham Dockyard on 16 March 1875, Garnet was launched on 30 June the following year and was completed on 31 October 1878. The corvette cost £92,468, the least expensive of the class.[3] The vessel was the second to be given the name, which recalled a garnet, one of a number of gemstones.[4]
The corvette was commissioned at Chatham for service off the southeast coast of America.[5] Between October 1878 and May 1880, the ship was commanded by James Erskine, later Admiral of the Fleet.[6] In 1882, the vessel was sent to Sheerness and paid off, but returned to service in the same area of Atlantic coast in September that year under the command of Victor Montagu.[5][7] The ship served in North America and the West Indies.[8]
On 23 August 1887, the vessel was commissioned for service in the East Indies following another period in Sheerness. Three years later, the corvette was recommissioned in Malta for service in the Pacific Ocean.[5] The vessel operated close to the coastline of Chile in 1891. Following a report in The Daily Colonist on 9 April, the ship was sent to Good Success Bay, Tierra del Fuego, in search of the lost crew of the merchant ship Marlborough. No evidence of the sailors was found.[9] On 31 July, the crew of the ship was censured by the Chilean press for firing their guns unnecessarily and causing confusion amongst the forces of the Chilean Civil War.[10]
In April 1895, Garnet returned to Chatham and was paid off. In October 1899, the vessel was sent to Devonport to be converted to a coal hulk, serving in this capacity until 1904.
References
Citations
- ^ a b c Roberts 1979, p. 51.
- ^ Brassey 2010, p. 556.
- ^ Winfield & Lyon 2004, p. 289.
- ^ Manning & Walker 1959, p. 207.
- ^ a b c MacDougall 1982, p. 21.
- ^ Heathcote 2002, p. 72.
- ^ "No. 24425". The London Gazette. 27 February 1877. p. 994.
- ^ "216 Garnet, 12. Composite Corvette". The Navy List: 214. April 1884.
- ^ Anglo-Colonial Notes, New Zealand Herald, Volume XXVIII, Issue 8694, 10 October 1891, Page 1
- ^ Egan 1892, p. 151.
Bibliography
- Brassey, Thomas (2010) [1882]. "Tables of Ships: British and Foreign". The British Navy: Its Strength, Resources, and Administration. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 549–605. ISBN 978-1-10802-465-5.
- Colledge, J.J.; Warlow, Ben (2006). Ships of the Royal Navy: The Complete Record of All Fighting Ships of the Royal Navy. London: Chatham Press. ISBN 978-1-93514-907-1.
- Egan, Patrick (1892). "Inclosure – Translation from La Nacion of Santiago, July 31, 1891". Foreign Affairs of the United States Transmitted to Congress with the Annual Address of the President December 9, 1891. Washington DC: Government Printing Office. pp. 150–151.
- Heathcote, Tony (2002). The British Admirals of the Fleet 1734–1995. Havertown: Pen & Sword Ltd. ISBN 978-1-78383-338-2.
- MacDougall, Philip (1982). Chatham Built Warships Since 1860. Liskard: Maritime Books. ISBN 978-0-90777-107-4.
- Manning, Thomas Davys; Walker, Charles Frederick (1959). British Warship Names. London: Putnam. OCLC 780274698.
- Roberts, John (1979). "Great Britain". In Gardiner, Robert (ed.). Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1860–1905. London: Conway Maritime Press. pp. 1–113. ISBN 978-0-85177-133-5.
- Winfield, R.; Lyon, D. (2004). The Sail and Steam Navy List: All the Ships of the Royal Navy 1815–1889. London: Chatham Publishing. ISBN 978-1-86176-032-6. OCLC 52620555.