Tom Morello

Template:Guitarist infobox Thomas Baptist Morello or Tom Morello (born May 30, 1964) is an American guitarist for the bands Audioslave and Rage Against the Machine. He also performs as a solo acoustic artist under the pseudonym The Nightwatchman. He is acclaimed for his unique guitar style and is noted for his outspoken Marxist politics.

Morello was ranked #26 on Rolling Stone magazine's list of "100 Greatest Guitarists of All Time".

Biography

Early years

Morello was born in Harlem, New York. His mother, Mary Morello, who is part Irish and part Italian, is a founder of Parents For Rock And Rap, an anti-censorship group. She was also a teacher at Libertyville High School. His father, Ngethe Njoroge, was a Mau Mau guerrilla and revolutionary. Morello's great-uncle, Jomo Kenyatta, was the first elected president in Kenya.

Morello grew up in Libertyville, Illinois, at the time a virtually all-white suburb of Chicago. There he attended Libertyville High School. He played French horn in the school band, sang in the chorus, and was active in speech and drama club. (One prominent role was Oberon in A Midsummer Night's Dream.)

He showed his political leanings early; in the 1980 mock elections at LHS, he campaigned for a fictitious anarchist "candidate" named Hubie Maxwell, who came in fourth place after Jimmy Carter at the overwhelmingly Republican school. Ronald Reagan won the mock election. He also wrote a piece headlined "South Africa: Racist Fascism That We Support" for the school's alternative paper, The Student Pulse.

At age 13, Morello purchased his first guitar at Rigoni Music in Libertyville. He wanted a solid-body Ovation guitar, but he didn't have the money to buy one. Instead, he purchased a Kay guitar. Wanting to learn how to play "Black Dog" by Led Zeppelin, he took two guitar lessons, but instead was taught the C-major scale. He decided that playing the guitar was a waste of his time, so he placed it in his closet for the next four years.

File:Tommorelloyearbook.jpg

A photo of a young Morello from a Libertyville High School yearbook.

Around 1980, Morello first started studying the guitar seriously. He had formed a band in the same year called the Electric Sheep which featured future Tool guitarist Adam Jones on bass. Jones wasn't originally in the band; he was a replacement for a member who quit because he felt his musical skills were far superior to those of the other Sheep. Few if any of the Sheep could really play an instrument at first (Most of their songs consisted of a single chord), but the band was an impetus for Morello to start honing his skills. Instead of performing cover songs, the Sheep wrote original material that included politically charged lyrics. None of the songs composed by the Sheep contained solos; soloing was a skill that Morello began learning in college.

At the time Morello's musical tastes lay in the direction of heavy metal, particularly Kiss, Alice Cooper, Led Zeppelin and Black Sabbath. Morello developed his own unique sound through the electric guitar. Later his music--and musical politics--were greatly influenced by punk rock bands like The Clash, the Sex Pistols and Devo. Interestingly, an example of his affection for The Clash was the setlist for the first ever Rage Against The Machine gig on the 23rd of October 1991. It featured a rough performance of Clampdown.

Morello graduated in 1982 and began attending Harvard University. There he made a point of practicing every day for up to eight hours without fail, no matter how much studying he had to do. He graduated in 1986 with an honors degree in political science. He moved to L.A., where he briefly worked as an aide to Sen. Alan Cranston as he set about trying to join or start a band. (Adam Jones moved to L.A. as well; Morello introduced Jones to some of his future bandmates.)

Lock Up

Main article: Lock Up (US band)

In 1988 Morello joined Lock Up, a glam rock band that released one album through Geffen Records before splitting up. This record was called Something Bitchin' This Way Comes, which enjoyed only slight success.

Rage Against the Machine

Main article: Rage Against the Machine

Morello had been crushed by the lack of success he experienced in Lock Up. He visited a club in Los Angeles where Zack de la Rocha was rapping. After viewing de la Rocha's lyric books, Tom asked him to front a band. Morello drafted Brad Wilk, a drummer who had unsuccessfully auditioned for Lock Up, and de la Rocha introduced the two to his friend Tim Commerford. The four formed a new band, Rage Against the Machine.

Rage had great success, especially in North America and Europe. Their first, self-titled album, was recognized by fans for Morello's innovative guitar as well as its originality (being one of the first records to combine rock and hip-hop). Morello expressed his attitude toward songwriting during this period as overtly political:

A good song should make you wanna tap your feet and get with your girl. A great song should destroy cops and set fire to the suburbs. I’m only interested in writing great songs.

After four years of silence and rumors of break-ups, the band released its second album, Evil Empire. The album moved away from the traditional metal guitar work of the first album; it was experimental in nature and demonstrated Morello's ability to use the guitar in strange ways, showcasing his abilities with the "kill switch".

In 1999, the band released The Battle of Los Angeles, their most commercially successful record. In late 2000, they released another album entitled Renegades. Shortly before the release, de la Rocha left Rage, and the band's instrumentalists said they wanted to continue making music together.

Billboard reported on January 19, 2007 that there were rumors that Rage Against the Machine could reunite at the Coachella Valley Music and Arts Festival.. These rumors were confirmed in a Los Angeles Times article on January 22 and later on the band's official website. The band are billed to headline the final day of Coachella 2007 on Sunday, April 29. Billboard reported that sources suggest this will likely be a one-off. Although it was later announced that three more performances are planned as part of Rock the Bells with the Wu-Tang Clan

The Nightwatchman

Main article: The Nightwatchman

Morello is less known for his folk music, which he plays under the alias The Nightwatchman. He has explained:

The Nightwatchman is my political folk alter ego. I've been writing these songs and playing them at open mic nights with friends for some time. This is the first time I've toured with it. When I play open mic nights, it's announced as The Nightwatchman. There will be kids there who are fans of my electric guitar playing, and you see them there scratching their heads. But it's something that I enjoy doing. I look at it more as an extension of my politics. Then again, some of the songs are not explicitly political. It really helped me grow as an artist and songwriter. Once you prick the vein you never know what is going to come out. You could aim for all union songs and you find yourself in other territory.

One of his many songs, "No One Left," which compares the aftermath of September 11 to that of a U.S. attack on Iraq, appears on the album Songs and Artists that Inspired Fahrenheit 9/11.

According to Billboard, Morello as The Nightwatchman will be releasing his first debut album, One Man Revolution, in April, and his website confirms the album will be released on April 24th.

Other side projects

Morello and Wilk joined with Maynard James Keenan of Tool and Billy Gould of Faith No More to record the song "Calling Dr Love" for the 1994 Kiss tribute album Kiss My Ass. The lineup was billed as Shandi's Addiction.

In August 1995 Morello contacted former Articles of Faith frontman Vic Bondi and asked him if he wanted to work on a Rage side project. Tentatively titled Weatherman, the short-lived group featured Bondi on vocals, Morello on guitar, Matt Johnson on bass, and Abe Van Eyck on drums. The recorded demos in September 1995. Bondi wrote all the lyrics, while Morello wrote all the music. One track, "Enola Gay", was recorded by Brett Eliason in fall 1996. Tom re-used the main riff of the song for the Audioslave single "Cochise."

Morello also played lead guitar on three tracks of Primus' 1999 studio album Antipop.

Morello worked with The Crystal Method on their 2001 album Tweekend. He co-produced and played guitars on the smash single "Name of the Game" and "Wild, Sweet and Cool".

Morello played guitar in the score for Talladega Nights: The Ballad of Ricky Bobby (2006).

Morello played the guitar riff heard in the final battle scene of the film Dodgeball.

Morello played guitar in the single "One Man Army" by The Prodigy.

In July 2006, TheNewsTribune.com reported that Morello and Boots Riley, front man of The Coup, would collaborate on a project called Street Sweepers. Riley has often performed alongside Morello's alter ego The Nightwatchman, and Morello produced and performed on a few tracks for The Coup's 2006 release Pick a Bigger Weapon.

Guitar style

Morello is famed for his guitar style, which consists of punk/funk hybrid riffs and hip hop-inspired sounds. His guitar playing is also characterized by heavy use of guitar effects, such as delay, modulation, harmonizers, distortion, pitch shifters, feedback, and others in unique ways and combinations.

Critically acclaimed, he is said to use the guitar in a unique and imaginative way; rather than just plucking the strings, he pulls off maneuvers such as toggling between two pickups - one on and one off - while fretting notes to mimic the sound of a DJ's crossfader, using feedback from the amp and the Digitech Whammy to create a solo, and creating sounds in the strings using innovative techniques utilizing the guitar's jack and an allen wrench. He is still a very accomplished traditional metal guitarist, as heard on some of his earlier recordings such as "Know Your Enemy" and "Take the Power Back", which both have very fast fret work.

Despite his alien guitar sounds, Morello chooses from a very limited supply of effects. During his tenure in RATM, he used a Dunlop Cry Baby, a Digitech WH-1 Whammy, a Boss DD-2 Digital Delay, a DOD EQ pedal (used to boost the volume during guitar solos), and an MXR Phase 90. For his work with Audioslave, Morello added a Boss TR-2 Tremolo pedal (which can be heard on "Like a Stone" and "Gasoline"). His amplifier of choice has always been a 50-watt Marshall JCM800 2205 and a Peavey 4x12 cabinet. While the amplifier has two channels, he only uses the overdrive channel, and simply turns down the volume on his guitar to get cleaner sounds.

In the studio, Tom uses the same setup for the bulk of the guitar tracks. For The Battle of Los Angeles, he also used a few other amps, such as a Line 6 as heard on the clean, spacey intro of "Mic Check," plus a Pignose mini-amp and a MusicMan "Twin" style amp. [9] The MusicMan has a built-in phaser and has made its way onto several tracks as overdubs. It also appears in the "Show Me How To Live" video. In an interview with Guitar World Magazine Morello stated that he occasionally used a Vox amp that was in the studio for the making of Out of Exile.

Guitars

Tom Morello has used several guitars throughout his career, including:

• Arm the Homeless: Morello's signature guitar. Covered with cartoon hippopotami and the hammer and sickle symbol (representing communism) with the words "Arm the Homeless" written on it. The body is a Kramer Pacer that was routed so that the Floyd can go up and down. It contains an EMG 81 in the bridge and an EMG 85 in the neck position, Ibanez Edge Floyd Rose Tremolo, toggle switch (originally near the control knobs but was moved to the right horn of the guitar to make it easier to toggle with), and a locking nut on a 22-fret Kramer Carrera neck. It was his main guitar in Rage Against the Machine, and was used occasionally in Audioslave. Tuned to Standard E. Picture

• Soul Power: A modified Fender Designer Series American Stratocaster, in an August 2005 Guitar World interview it was revealed that it was a Factory Special Run (FSR) released at Guitar Center and is tuned Standard E. Black with white binding, a color-matched headstock, mirror pickguard, and the words "Soul Power" scrawled across the top of the body in white paint. It has an Ibanez Edge Floyd Rose Tremolo (again, Tom routed the body so that the Floyd can go up and down), locking nut, a toggle switch wired as a kill switch (He uses the 5-way pickup selector to switch through pickups), a Seymour Duncan Hotrails pickup in the bridge and Fender Noiseless pickups in the middle and neck positions. Morello mainly uses the neck pickup on this guitar unless he needs a hotter tone, then he switches to the Hotrails pickup. It was his main guitar in Audioslave for songs that are in Standard E tuning. Picture

• Sendero Luminoso (Shining Path): A black stock 80's American Fender Telecaster. It uses the drop-D tuning and is decorated with stickers. Morello has used this guitar extensively in both RATM and Audioslave. Nearly all his songs tuned to drop-D are played with it, and he almost exclusively uses the neck pickup.Picture

• James Trussart Steelcaster: Used live sparingly as a backup to his Fender Telecaster. Picture

• Creamy: A Goya Rangemaster-style guitar (build by St.George). Modified with a Seymour Duncan pickup in the bridge position. A toggle switch was also added that is dead in the middle position, resulting in a "hummingbird chirp" when toggled. It was purchased for $60 at a Canadian pawnshop, and has an unusual drop-B tuning. In Rage it was used in such songs as "Calm Like a Bomb" and "Tire Me". More recently, it was used in the studio version of Audioslave's "Shadow on the Sun" and "The Worm". Picture

• Ibanez Roadstar: Fitted with EMG pickups and a toggle switch (Used as a backup guitar to Arm the Homeless.) Picture

• Ibanez Talman: Contains a defunct pickup that produces odd noises when toggled (heard in the intro of "Revolver".) The paint job evokes the flag of Kenya, with green, orange, and black stripes and a shield and spear decal. It has three single-coil pickups, the same Ibanez Edge Floyd Rose Tremolo as Soul Power and Arm the Homeless, and a toggle switch. He used a series of different effects and a Leslie Rotary speaker to get the sound heard in the intro to "Revolver", so he approached Ibanez to make him a guitar pickup that could emulate the Rotary effect using a combination of a built-in wah unit and special winding. Also used on "How I Could Just Kill a Man". Picture

• Ibanez Custom Artstar: Modeled after a Vox Ultrasonic/Gibson ES-335, it contains several on board effects. Used in "Guerrilla Radio". Picture

• Ovation Breadwinner: A rare Ovation Solidbody from the 1970s. Used in "Ashes in the Fall". Picture

• Gibson Les Paul (Cherry Sunburst): Tom's current drop-B tuned guitar. It is used for drop-B songs that do not require the hummingbird toggle switch as seen on his Creamy guitar. Used in "Gasoline" and the live rendition of "Shadow on the Sun". Picture

• Gibson Les Paul (Cherry Red): Used for covers of Soundgarden songs that are tuned to Drop D. This guitar was purchased for the 2005 Out of Exile Tour. Picture

• Gibson EDS-1275: Tuned to Drop D. Used in live performances of "The Ghost of Tom Joad". Picture

• The Budweiser Les Paul: A Gibson Les Paul Budweiser promo guitar. Morello acquired it from Brendan O'Brien during the recording of Audioslave's third album "Revelations". He hated the Budweiser decal on the guitar and thus decided to burn it off using a lighter. He liked the new appearance and he asked his guitar technician to modify the guitar, incorporating the new pattern as part of the design. The guitar contains a Dimarzio Super-Distortion in the bridge and a Dimarzio P.A.F. in the neck position. Morello was so happy with the new sound that he made it his main guitar on Revelations. Picture

• Gibson ES-335: Most likely stock, used to record the title track off of Revelations.

Effects

Morello's live effects are exclusively in the form of stomp-boxes.

• Voodoo Labs power supply

• Dunlop Cry Baby Wah

A photo of Morello's pedal board, on the far left is a Voodoo Labs Pedal Power 2

• DigiTech Whammy WH-1: The original red harmonizer/octave pedal for making pterodactyl noises. [10]

• Ibanez DFL Flanger: A rare digital flanger from the 80's. (later replaced with an MXR Block Phase-90 for Audioslave work. Tom swaps in the DFL whenever he is playing Rage covers live) [11]

• DOD FX40b Equalizer: Set flat, only used as a boost for solos, such as in "Bulls on Parade."

• Boss DD-2 Digital Delay [12]

• Boss TR-2 Tremolo

• Talkbox: Used in Wake Up and Guerrilla Radio. Tom said that his talkbox is an untapped resource and that there are some new sounds he might be able to coax out of it in the future. He does not use this effect in live performances.
• Electro-Harmonix Small Stone Phaser: Heard in "Guerrilla Radio."

• Ring Modulator: The duck-like noise heard in Sound of a Gun solo from "Revelations." He does not use this effect in live performances.

Toggle Switch

The majority of Tom Morello's guitars contain a toggle switch, the use of which is an unofficial trademark of his. For example, Morello's Arm The Homeless guitar is fitted with two pickups, each of which has its own volume knob. The guitar also has a toggle switch that acts as a pickup selector. By turning one pickup to 0 and the other to 10 and toggling between the switches' two settings, Morello creates what he calls a "kill switch."

The kill switch creates an interesting effect when coupled with hammer-ons, an early use of this can be heard in the intro of Rage's "Know Your Enemy". In Audioslave he uses this technique and by adding in delay mixed with a harmonizer he achieves the sounds he makes in both "Revelations" and "Your Time Has Come".

Another interesting technique that was developed by Morello is one in which he slides his hand along the strings rapidly while hitting the switch, first heard during the solo of "Bulls on Parade". This creates a sound resembling a DJ scratching records. It has been used more recently in Audioslave during live performances of the Funkadelic song "Super Stupid" and the Audioslave song, "Drown Me Slowly".

Other uses of the kill switch include the solo of "Guerrilla Radio", where Morello manages to make his guitar replicate the sound of a harmonica. This was done by using the switch with hammer-ons and a talkbox. However, in concert, Morello uses a Wah-wah pedal to achieve this sound. He also used the kill switch/Wah-wah pedal combo throughout Rage's cover of the Cypress Hill classic "How I Could Just Kill a Man".

Axis of Justice

Morello and Serj Tankian of System of a Down are the co-founders of Axis of Justice, a political group whose declared purpose is "to bring together musicians, fans of music, and grassroots political organizations to fight for social justice together. We aim to build a bridge between fans of music around the world and local political organizations to effectively organize around issues of peace, human rights, and economic justice." [13] The group has worked for such causes as immigrant rights and death-penalty abolition. Its recommended book list includes such authors as Noam Chomsky, Che Guevara, George Orwell, Mumia Abu-Jamal and Grant Morrison.

Morello and Tankian, together with a handful of other artists, including Maynard James Keenan, Wayne Kramer of the MC5, the hip hop group Jurassic 5, and Michael "Flea" Balzary of the Red Hot Chili Peppers, released a live recording of covers and original songs, titled The Axis of Justice Concert Series Volume 1.

On April 6, 2006, Tom Morello was honoured with the Eleanor Roosevelt Human Rights Award for his support of worker's rights and for his AOJ work. [14] Tom has worked on numerous labor campaigns: the Guess sweatshop boycott, the LA janitors strike, the Taco Bell boycott, the southern California grocery workers strike and lockout, and others.

Morello was a strong supporter of the Immigrants Reform Rally and protest around the US. Morello played as The Nightwatchman at Macarthur Park in Los Angeles and has featured many articles on AOJ. On September 28, 2006, Morello was one of 400 protesters arrested protesting in support of immigrant hotel workers' rights, in what organizers called "the largest act of civil disobedience in the history of the Los Angeles". Morello knew he was going to be arrested; he wore a bright yellow shirt, and gave the LAPD his driver's license number a few days before the march. Morello told MTV:

In these political dark ages, it's important for us to stand up for one another. These hotel workers by the airport make 20% less wages than the hotel workers around the rest of Los Angeles. We are here to express our solidarity with them, to help them unionize and help them close the gap between their sub-poverty wages and the millions and millions of dollars the people who own these hotels make.

Axis of Justice is also in iTunes Podcasts

Discography

Lock Up Something Bitchin' This Way Comes (1989)

Rage Against the Machine Rage Against the Machine (1992)
Evil Empire (1996)
Live & Rare (1997)
The Battle of Los Angeles, (1999)
Renegades (2000)
Live At The Grand Olympic Auditorium (2003)

Audioslave Audioslave (2002)
Out of Exile (2005)
Revelations (2006)

The Nightwatchman One Man Revolution (24th April 2007)

Featuring

• "Big Willie" for Run-DMC, appears on Down With The King (1993)
• "One Man Army" for The Prodigy, appears on Spawn: The Album (1997)
• "Electric Uncle Sam", "Mama Didn't Raise No Fool" and "Power Mad" for Primus, appears on Antipop (1999)
• "Name of the Game" and "Wild, Sweet and Cool" for The Crystal Method, appears on Tweekend (2001)

External links

• The Nightwatchman
• The Tom Morello Project
• Weatherman Discography
• Morello's gear (Rage era, relatively unchanged)
• "The 100 Greatest Guitarists of All Time", Rolling Stone, August 27, 2003.
• Listen online: Tom Morello On Corporate Imperialism

• Tom Morello at Memory Alpha