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538 members of the Electoral College 270 electoral votes needed to win | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Turnout | 63.2%  1.1 pp[b] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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 Presidential election results map. Blue denotes states won by Biden/Harris, Purple denotes states won by McCain/Kinzinger, and red denotes those won by Trump/Pence. Numbers indicate electoral votes cast by each state and the District of Columbia. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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 2020 U.S. presidential election | |
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The 2020 United States presidential election was the 59th quadrennial presidential election, held on Tuesday, November 3, 2020.[a] The Democratic ticket of former vice president Joe Biden and the junior U.S. senator from California Kamala Harris defeated the incumbent Republican president Donald Trump and incumbent vice president Mike Pence.[9] The election took place against the backdrop of the global COVID-19 pandemic and related recession. It was the first election since 1992 in which the incumbent president failed to win a second term. The election saw the highest voter turnout by percentage since 1952, with each of the two main tickets receiving more than 74 million votes, surpassing Barack Obama's record of 69.5 million votes from 2008. Biden received more than 81 million votes,[10] the most votes ever cast for a candidate in a U.S. presidential election.[11]
In a competitive primary that featured the most candidates for any political party in the modern era of American politics, Biden secured the Democratic presidential nomination over his closest rival, Senator Bernie Sanders. Biden's running mate, Harris, became the first African-American, first Asian-American, and third female[d] vice presidential nominee on a major party ticket. Trump secured re-nomination, getting a total of 2,549 delegates, one of the most in presidential primary history, to runner-up Bill Weld’s one delegate in the Republican primaries.[12] Jo Jorgensen secured the Libertarian presidential nomination with Spike Cohen as her running mate, and Howie Hawkins secured the Green presidential nomination with Angela Nicole Walker as his running mate.
The central issues of the election included the public health and economic impacts of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic; civil unrest in reaction to the police murder of George Floyd and others; the Supreme Court following the death of Ruth Bader Ginsburg and confirmation of Amy Coney Barrett; and the future of the Affordable Care Act.[13][14][15] Due to the ongoing pandemic, a record number of ballots were cast early and by mail.[16] Many more registered Democrats voted by mail than registered Republicans.[17][18] As a result of a large number of mail-in ballots, some swing states saw delays in vote counting and reporting; this led to major news outlets delaying their projection of Biden and Harris as the president-elect and vice president-elect until the morning of November 7, three and a half days after the election. Major media networks project a state for a candidate once there is high statistical confidence that the outstanding vote would be unlikely to prevent the projected winner from ultimately winning that state.[19]
Biden ultimately received the majority in the Electoral College with 306 electoral votes, while Trump received 232. Key to Biden's victory were his wins in the Democratic-leaning Great Lakes states of Michigan, Pennsylvania, and Wisconsin, which Trump carried in 2016 and whose combined 46 electoral votes were enough to swing the election to either candidate. Biden also became the first Democrat to win the presidential election in Georgia since 1992, in Arizona since 1996, and in Nebraska's 2nd congressional district since 2008.[20][21]
Before, during, and after Election Day, Trump and numerous other Republicans attempted to subvert the election and overturn the results, falsely alleging widespread voter fraud and trying to influence the vote-counting process in swing states.[22][23][24][25] Attorney General William Barr and officials in each of the 50 states found no evidence of widespread fraud or irregularities in the election.[26][27] Federal agencies overseeing election security said it was the most secure in American history.[28][29][30] The Trump campaign and its allies, including Republican members of Congress,[31] continued to engage in numerous attempts to overturn the results of the election by filing 63 lawsuits in several states (all of which were withdrawn or dismissed),[32][33][34] spreading conspiracy theories alleging fraud,[35] pressuring Republican state election officials (including, notably, Georgia Secretary of State Brad Raffensperger, in a phone call that later became widely publicized) and legislators to change results,[36] pressuring the Department of Justice to declare the election "corrupt" and intervene,[37][38] objecting to the Electoral College certification in Congress,[39][40] and refusing to cooperate with the presidential transition of Joe Biden.[41] This culminated in a mob of Trump supporters attacking the United States Capitol on January 6, 2021, after Trump repeatedly said that he would never concede the election.[42][43][44] On January 7, Trump acknowledged the incoming administration without mentioning Biden's name.[45][46][47] Biden and Harris were inaugurated on January 20, 2021.
Background
Procedure
Article Two of the United States Constitution states that for a person to serve as president, the individual must be a natural-born citizen of the United States, be at least 35 years old, and have been a United States resident for at least 14 years. Candidates for the presidency typically seek the nomination of one of the various political parties in the United States. Each party develops a method (such as a primary election) to choose the candidate the party deems best suited to run for the position. Primary elections are usually indirect elections where voters cast ballots for a slate of party delegates pledged to a particular candidate. The party's delegates then officially nominate a candidate to run on the party's behalf. The presidential nominee typically chooses a vice presidential running mate to form that party's ticket, which is then ratified by the delegates at the party's convention (except for the Libertarian Party, which nominates its vice-presidential candidate by delegate vote regardless of the presidential nominee's preference). The general election in November is also an indirect election, in which voters cast ballots for a slate of members of the Electoral College; these electors then directly elect the president and vice president.[48] If no candidate receives the minimum 270 electoral votes needed to win the election, the United States House of Representatives will select the president from among the three candidates who received the most electoral votes, and the United States Senate will select the vice president from among the candidates who received the two highest totals. The presidential election occurred simultaneously alongside elections for the House of Representatives, the Senate, and various state and local-level elections.[49]
- ^ a b About 64% of voters voted early before November 3 in person or by mail, with the earliest state starting on September 4.[7][8]
- ^ The Federal Election Commission calculated a voter turnout of 62.8% in 2020, as the votes for president divided by the estimated U.S. population at or over age 18.[1] The denominator included U.S. residents ineligible to vote due to not being U.S. citizens or due to a criminal conviction, and excluded U.S. citizens residing in other countries who were eligible to vote. This turnout was an increase of 7.1pp compared to the turnout of 55.7% in the 2016 election, calculated by the same institution with the same basis.[2]
The U.S. Census Bureau calculated a voter turnout of 66.8% in 2020, as the people reporting having voted divided by the estimated U.S. population at or over age 18 who were U.S. citizens. The denominator excluded U.S. residents ineligible to vote due to not being U.S. citizens, but included those ineligible due to a criminal conviction and excluded U.S. citizens residing in other countries who were eligible to vote. This turnout was an increase of 5.4pp compared to the turnout of 61.4% in the 2016 election, calculated by the same institution with the same basis.[3]
The U.S. Elections Project calculated a voter turnout of 66.6% in 2020, as the total ballots divided by the estimated population that was eligible to vote.[4] The denominator excluded U.S. residents ineligible to vote due to not being U.S. citizens or due to a criminal conviction, and included U.S. citizens residing in other countries who were eligible to vote. This turnout was an increase of 6.5pp compared to the turnout of 60.1% in the 2016 election, calculated by the same institution with the same basis.[5] - ^ Trump's official state of residence was New York in the 2016 election but changed to Florida when his permanent residence was switched from Trump Tower to Mar-a-Lago in 2019.[6]
- ^ The previous two female vice presidential nominees were Geraldine Ferraro in 1984 and Sarah Palin in 2008.
- ^ a b c d Cite error: The named reference
FECwas invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ "Federal Elections 2016" (PDF). Federal Election Commission. December 2017.
- ^ Table A-1. Reported Voting and Registration by Race, Hispanic Origin, Sex and Age Groups: November 1964 to 2020, U.S. Census Bureau.
- ^ "US Elections Project – 2020g". www.electproject.org. Retrieved November 14, 2022.
- ^ "US Elections Project – 2016g". www.electproject.org. Retrieved November 14, 2022.
- ^ Choi, Matthew (October 31, 2019). "Trump, a symbol of New York, is officially a Floridian now". Politico. Retrieved October 31, 2019.
- ^ Knight, Stef W.; Ahmed, Naema (August 13, 2020). "When and how to vote in all 50 states". Axios.
- ^ McDonald, Michael (November 6, 2020). "2020 General Election Early Vote Statistics". U.S. Elections Project.
- ^ "Biden officially secures enough electors to become president". AP NEWS. December 5, 2020.
- ^ "Joe Biden Crosses 80 million votes". Newsweek. Retrieved November 24, 2020.
- ^ Lewis, Sophie (November 7, 2020). "Joe Biden breaks Obama's record for most votes ever cast for a U.S presidential candidate". CBS.
- ^ "Republican Convention 2020". www.thegreenpapers.com. Retrieved December 9, 2022.
- ^ Edsall, Thomas B. (June 3, 2020). "Opinion | The George Floyd Election". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved October 13, 2020.
- ^ Baker, Peter (September 22, 2020). "With Nothing Else Working, Trump Races to Make a New Supreme Court Justice the Issue". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on September 23, 2020. Retrieved October 14, 2020.
- ^ "How Amy Coney Barrett Would Reshape the Court – And the Country". Politico. September 26, 2020. Retrieved October 13, 2020.
- ^ Saul, Stephanie; Hakim, Danny (November 3, 2020). "As Counting Begins, a Flood of Mail Ballots Complicates Vote Tallies". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on November 3, 2020. Retrieved November 12, 2020.
- ^ Otterbein, Holly. "Democrats return nearly three times as many mail-in ballots as Republicans in Pennsylvania". POLITICO. Retrieved February 10, 2021.
- ^ "The 2020 voting experience: Coronavirus, mail concerns factored into deciding how to vote". Pew Research Center – U.S. Politics & Policy. November 20, 2020. Retrieved June 28, 2021.
- ^ Wolf, Zachary (October 17, 2020). "It's not magic, it's math. Here's how CNN makes election projections". CNN.
- ^ "Joe Biden wins Georgia, turning the state blue for first time since '92". KUTV. November 13, 2020.
- ^ "Biden Takes Electoral Vote in 2nd District, Trump Wins Nebraska's 4 Other Votes". Nebraska Public Media (in Catalan). Retrieved October 13, 2022.
- ^ Pennycook, Gordon; Rand, D. G. (2021). "Examining false beliefs about voter fraud in the wake of the 2020 Presidential Election". Harvard Kennedy School Misinformation Review. doi:10.37016/mr-2020-51. Retrieved August 26, 2021.
The 2020 U.S. Presidential Election saw an unprecedented number of false claims alleging election fraud and arguing that Donald Trump was the actual winner of the election.
- ^ "Donald Trump Is Lying About The Early Election Results". BuzzFeed News. Retrieved November 4, 2020.
- ^ King, Ledyard (November 7, 2020). "Trump revives baseless claims of election fraud after Biden wins presidential race". USA Today. Retrieved November 7, 2020.
- ^ Haberman, Maggie; Corasaniti, Nick; Rutenberg, Jim; Feuer, Alan; Thrush, Glenn; Gray, Kathleen (November 19, 2020). "Presidential Transition Live Updates: Trump Invites State Lawmakers to White House in Bid to Subvert Election". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved November 23, 2020.
- ^ Balsamo, Michael (December 1, 2020). "Disputing Trump, Barr says no widespread election fraud". AP News. Retrieved December 1, 2020.
- ^ Corasaniti, Nick; Epstein, Reid; Rutenberg, Jim (November 10, 2020). "The Times Called Officials in Every State: No Evidence of Voter Fraud". The New York Times. Archived from the original on November 11, 2020. Retrieved November 10, 2020.
- ^ Denean, Austin (November 12, 2020). "DHS agency: 'Nov. 3 election was most secure in American history'". ABC 3340. Sinclair Broadcast Group, Inc. Retrieved November 13, 2020.
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
Statementwas invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Chen, Shawna (November 12, 2020). "Department of Homeland Security calls election 'the most secure in American history'". Axios. Retrieved November 13, 2020.
- ^ "Here are the Republican members of Congress who signed on to the suit to throw out the votes in 4 states". Yahoo News. December 11, 2020.
- ^ Collins, Kaitlan; Bennett, Kate; Diamond, Jeremy; Liptak, Kevin (November 8, 2020). "Jared Kushner has approached Donald Trump to concede and Melania Trump advised the President to accept the loss". CNN. Retrieved November 8, 2020.
- ^ Dale, Maryclaire (November 9, 2020). "Trump faces long odds in challenging state vote counts". Associated Press. Retrieved November 9, 2020.
- ^ "Trump loves to win but keeps losing election lawsuits". AP NEWS. December 4, 2020.
- ^ Pengelly, Martin (December 21, 2020). "Conspiracy-theorist lawyer Sidney Powell spotted again at White House". The Guardian. Retrieved January 3, 2021.
- ^ Gardner, Amy (January 3, 2021). "'I just want to find 11,780 votes': In extraordinary hour-long call, Trump pressures Georgia secretary of state to recalculate the vote in his favor". The Washington Post. Retrieved January 4, 2021.
- ^ "Trump urged Justice officials to declare election "corrupt"". Associated Press. July 30, 2021.
- ^ "DOJ officials rejected colleague's request to intervene in Georgia's election certification: Emails". ABC News. August 3, 2021.
- ^ Tapper, Jake (December 31, 2020). "At least 140 House Republicans to vote against counting electoral votes, two GOP lawmakers say". CNN. Retrieved January 2, 2021.
- ^ Treene, Alayna (January 2, 2021). "Multiple senators oppose certifying election results". Axios. Retrieved January 2, 2021.
- ^ * Rucker, Philip; Gardner, Amy; Dawsey, Josh (November 19, 2020). "Trump uses power of presidency to try to overturn the election and stay in office". The Washington Post.
- Editorial Board (November 18, 2020). "Trump's coup might not work. But he may pave the way for the next failed candidate". The Washington Post.
- ^ Zilbermints, Regina (January 6, 2021). "Trump puts pressure on Republicans, says he will 'never concede'". The Hill. Retrieved January 7, 2021.
- ^ Michaels, Samantha (November 22, 2020). "In Public, Trump Still Claims He Won. In Private, Aides Say He's Planning for Life After Presidency". Mother Jones. Retrieved November 24, 2020.
- ^ "Trump falsely claims he won the election; Twitter flags the tweet". CBS News. Associated Press. November 16, 2020. Retrieved November 18, 2020.
- ^ "Biden sets to work on reversing Trump policies with executive orders". BBC News. January 21, 2021. Retrieved January 21, 2021.
- ^ Liptak, Kevin; Stracqualursi, Veronica; Malloy, Allie (January 7, 2021). "Trump publicly acknowledges he won't serve a second term day after inciting mob". CNN. Retrieved January 7, 2021.
- ^ Miller, Zeke; Colvin, Jill (January 8, 2021). "After excusing violence, Trump acknowledges Biden transition". Associated Press. Retrieved January 9, 2021.
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
rQNzfwas invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Neale, Thomas H. (October 22, 2020). "The Electoral College: A 2020 Presidential Election Timeline". Congressional Research Service. Retrieved November 9, 2020.