Buddhism in England
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| Year | Pop. | ±% |
|---|---|---|
| 2001 | 139,046 | — |
| 2011 | 238,626 | +71.6% |
| Religious Affiliation was not recorded prior to 2001. | ||
Buddhism has growing support in England. 238,626 people in England declared themselves to be Buddhist at the 2011 Census and 34% of them lived in London.[1]
| Year | Percent | Increase |
|---|---|---|
| 2001 | 0.3% | - |
| 2011 | 0.5% | +0.20% |
History
Early Buddhist presence could be seen in the 1810s. Adam Sri Munni Ratna, a Buddhist monk from Ceylon (Sri Lanka), travelled to England with his cousin (also a Buddhist monk) while accompanying Sir Alexander Johnston in 1818. They were keen to learn Christianity as they were travelling to England. During their brief stay, the two monks were baptised and returned to Ceylon where they entered government service.[2]
Theravada influences grew in England during the early 20th century. A few of the significant events were the foundation of London’s Buddhist Society in 1924 and the Theravada London Buddhist Vihara in Chiswick in 1926. Anagarika Dharmapala (1864-1933), the founder of the Mahā Bodhi Society in 1891, was instrumental in presenting Buddhism as a living monastic tradition to the UK.[3] The return of Ananda Metteyya to England on 23 April 1908 after travels in Ceylon and monk ordination in Burma was another significant milestone in the legacy of British Buddhism. A slow trickle from United Kingdom travelled to Asia for deeper spiritual commitment via monastic ordination, mainly as Theravadin monks, like Ñāṇavīra Thera and Ñāṇamoli Bhikkhu who went to Island Hermitage in Sri Lanka for their Sāmaṇera ordination in 1949. Kapilavaddho Bhikkhu introduced the Dhammakaya tradition to the UK in 1954 in this way and founded the English Sangha Trust in 1955. Several notable Asian monks like Hammalawa Saddhatissa came to live in England.
In 1967, Englishman Sangharakshita (1925-2018), who had spent time in the east as a Theravadin monk, founded the Friends of the Western Buddhist Order (later renamed Triratna Buddhist Community).
The Manjushri Institute, a large Buddhist college at Conishead Priory in Cumbria, was founded under the guidance of the Tibetan Gelugpa monk Thubten Yeshe in 1976.[4] In 1991, it was subsumed by the New Kadampa Tradition, a new religious movement founded by another monk, Kelsang Gyatso.[5][6]
A Theravada monastic order following the Thai Forest Tradition of Ajahn Chah was established at Chithurst Buddhist Monastery in West Sussex in 1979, giving rise to branch monasteries elsewhere in the country, including the Amaravati Buddhist Monastery in the Chiltern Hills and Aruna Ratanagiri in Northumberland. Quite a number of locals like Ajahn Khemadhammo, Ajahn Sucitto, Ajahn Amaro, Ajahn Brahm and Ajahn Jayasaro were ordained into this monastic order, become serious practitioners and dedicated Dhamma teachers. Ajahn Khemadhammo also began Buddhist prison chaplaincy work in 1977 and established "Angulimala, the Buddhist Prison Chaplaincy" in 1985.[7] A lay meditation tradition of Thai origin is represented by the Samatha Trust, with its headquarters cum retreat centre in Wales. Sōtō Zen has a priory at Throssel Hole Buddhist Abbey in Northumberland.
There are now many Buddhist groups in England. To name a few from the Tibetan Tradition there are Sanghas of: Rigpa,[8] Karma Kagyu,[9] Dechen,[10] Diamond Way Buddhism[11] and Aro gTér[12]
The Dalai Lama visited Aldershot in both 2010 and 2015, on the latter occasion formally opening the Aldershot Buddhist Centre.[13]
Demographics
In 2001 Buddhism constituted 0.3% of the population of England,[14] which increased to 0.5% in 2011 census.[15] According to the 2011 census, there are 238,626 Buddhists in England.
The district with the highest proportion of Buddhists at the 2011 Census was Rushmoor in Hampshire, with 3.3% of respondents identifying as Buddhist: this is mainly due to the area's (specifically Aldershot's) historic ties with the Gurkha regiment.[16]
See also
- Ñāṇavīra Thera
- Ñāṇamoli Bhikkhu
- Hammalawa Saddhatissa
- Ajahn Sumedho
- Ajahn Khemadhammo
- Ajahn Amaro
- Ajahn Sucitto
- Ajahn Jayasāro
- Pali Text Society
- Dhamma Talaka Pagoda
- Amaravati Buddhist Monastery
- Aruna Ratanagiri
- Wat Buddhapadipa
- London Buddhist Centre
- London Fo Guang Shan Temple
- Buddhism in Scotland
- Buddhism in Wales
- Buddhism in the United Kingdom
References
- ^ "2011 Census: KS209EW Religion, local authorities in England and Wales". ons.gov.uk. 2 July 2010. Retrieved 15 December 2012.
- ^ "Adam Munni Ratna, a Buddhist monk in England in 1818".
- ^ Mahinda Deegalle (ed.), Dharma to the UK: A Centennial Celebration of Buddhist Legacy. London: World Buddhist Foundation, 2008.
- ^ Bluck (2006), p. 129
- ^ Oliver, Paul (2012). New Religious Movements: A Guide for the Perplexed. A&C Black. pp. 84–88. ISBN 978-1-4411-2553-8.
- ^ Kay, David N. (1997). "The New Kadampa Tradition and the Continuity of Tibetan Buddhism in Transition" (PDF). Journal of Contemporary Religion. 12 (3). Routledge: 277–293. doi:10.1080/13537909708580806.
- ^ "Buddhist Prison Chaplaincy". dancingmountains.org.uk. Retrieved 2020-11-24.
- ^ Rigpa
- ^ Karma Kagyu
- ^ Dechen
- ^ Diamond Way Buddhism
- ^ Aro gTér.
- ^ "Aldershot prepares for Dalai Lama return to open Buddhist centre - Get Hampshire". Archived from the original on 2015-08-04. Retrieved 2015-07-28.
- ^ "Religion (2001 Census)". 9 February 2010.
- ^ "Release Edition Reference Tables". 2 July 2010.
- ^ "10 places that stand out in the census". BBC News. 12 December 2012.
Sources
- Bluck, Robert (2006). British Buddhism: Teachings, Practice and Development. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-134-15817-1.
