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1947 in India

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Events in the year 1947 in India. It was a very eventful year as it became independent from the British crown, resulting in the split of India and Pakistan. Many people died during partition and India became a democracy.

Incumbents

Events

  • 1 March - Partition of India is finalised by Lord Mountbatten. Boundary Commission under Sir Radcliffe was setup to partition Punjab & Bengal.
  • 15 March – Hindus and Muslims clash in Punjab.
  • 15 March - Lord Mountbatten attempts his first effort to stop Partition of Bengal & conduct partition of Muslim majority Kashmir.
  • 16 March - Maharaja Hari Singh of Kashmir disapprove Lord Mountbatten in his proposal.
  • 25 March - Lord Mountbatten attempts his second effort to stop Partition of Bengal & conduct partition of Muslim majority Kashmir.
  • 26 March - Jawaharlal Nehru disapprove Lord Mountbatten in his proposal but Muhammad Ali Jinnah accepts proposal of Lord Mountbatten.
  • 2 April - Lord Mountbatten attempts his third effort to stop Partition of Bengal & conduct partition of Muslim majority Kashmir. Gandhi starts his fast to keep India united.
  • 5 April - Talks on stopping Partition of Bengal & conduct partition of Muslim majority Kashmir fails as Jawaharlal Nehru & Maharaja Hari Singh disapprove Lord Mountbatten in his proposal. Proposal stands 2-1 in favour of Partition of Bengal.
  • 15 April - On Bengali new year day, Lord Mountbatten attempts his last ditch effort to stop Partition of Bengal & conduct partition of Muslim majority Kashmir. Sir Radcliffe lend support to Lord Mountbatten as proposal stands tied 2-2.
  • 1st May - Shyama Prasad Mukherjee writes to Lord Mountbatten & Sir Radcliffe demanding a plebiscite to decide on Partition of Bengal. Proposal stands 3-2 in favour of Partition of Bengal. Lord Mountbatten comments " Partition of Kashmir would had saved India-Pakistan conflicts. But its hopeless as India-Pakistan conflict will never end on Kashmir"
  • 17 May – Tripura & Coochbehar are officially ceded to India after 200 years of independent rule.
  • 18 May - Gandhi gives approval to Partition of India after massive riots break out in Punjab & Bengal
  • 31 May - First Plebiscite to decide on Partition of Bengal happens. Kolkata, Sunderbans, Murshidabad, Malda, Jessore, Khulna, Barisal, Kushtia, Pabna, Rajshahi & Rangpur divisions of Bengal votes.
  • 1 June - Second Plebiscite to decide on Partition of Bengal happens. Dhaka, Mymensingh, Sylhet & Chattogram(Chittagong) votes in favour of joining East Pakistan.
  • 5 June 6.00 PM - Shyama Prasad Mukherjee looses Plebiscite. He comes in 3rd position after winner Hussein Suhrawardy & runner up Syed Muzaffar Ahmed. Kolkata, Sunderbans, Murshidabad, Malda, Jessore, Khulna, Barisal, Kushtia, Pabna, Rajshahi & Rangpur divisions marked selected to join East Pakistan.
  • 6 June 01.30 AM - Gopalnath Mukherjee, Gopalnath Bhattacharya & Chandi Upadhyay raids second head office of Muslim league in Kolkata with 20000 people to save Kolkata, Sunderbans, Jessore, Khulna & Barisal from going into East Pakistan. All Muslim league leaders abandon second head office in Kolkata & flees to Dhaka.
  • 6 June 12.00 PM - Malda & Murshidabad, which was given to East Pakistan were swapped with Jessore, Khulna & Barisal. Kolkata was saved & Sunderbans were divided among India & East Pakistan.
  • 7 August – The Bombay Municipal Corporation formally takes over the Bombay Electric Supply and Transport (BEST).
  • 10 August - Boundary Commission under Sir Radcliffe finally partitioned India.300,000 square kilometres (120,000 sq mi) area of Punjab got divided with 204,250 square kilometres (78,860 sq mi) going to West Pakistan(Only Pakistan since 1971). Remaining 95,750 square kilometres (36,970 sq mi) joins India as East Punjab. 265,000 square kilometres (102,000 sq mi) area of Bengal got divided with 147,750 square kilometres (57,050 sq mi) going to East Pakistan(Bangladesh since 1971). Remaining 117,250 square kilometres (45,270 sq mi) joins India as West Bengal.(Later West Bengal lost 28,498 square kilometres (11,003 sq mi) more area to Bihar, Assam & Odisha in 1948-53 due to blunder by Shyama Prasad Mukherjee)
  • 15 August – British India is dissolved and the Dominion of India gains its independence from the United Kingdom. A largely Hindu India and a Muslim Pakistan are created by partitions of the subcontinent, with Punjab and Bengal divided along religious-demographic boundaries between the two. Hindu – Muslim riots break out along both the western and eastern borders. Mass transfer of refugees takes place from the successor states of India to Pakistan and vice versa. The monarch of Kashmir signs instrument of accession with India in the face of heavy attack from Pakistani tribals, but at the same time he had signed a Standstill agreement with Pakistan. Mountbatten remains the Governor-general of India as wished by the Indians and Jawaharlal Nehru becomes the first Prime Minister of India. Nehru unfurls the Indian tricolor on the ramparts of the Red Fort, symbolically marking the end of British colonial rule.
  • August – October – Thousands massacred & 1 million migrations in Punjab.[1]
  • 13 September – Prime Minister Nehru suggests the transfer of 10 million Hindus and Muslims between India and Pakistan.
  • 27 October – War breaks out between India and Pakistan forces in Kashmir.
  • 9 November – Junagadh joins the Dominion of India.
  • The customs us with French India is denounced.[1]

Births

Deaths

See also

References

  1. ^ a b Everyman's Dictionary of Dates; 6th ed. J. M. Dent, 1971; p. 263
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