Civil Contingencies Secretariat
Agency overview | |
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Formed | July 2001 |
Employees | 75[1] |
Annual budget | £10 million[1] |
Agency executive |
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Parent agency | Cabinet Office |
Website | www |
The Civil Contingencies Secretariat (CCS), created in July 2001 and disbanded in July 2022,[2] was the executive department of the British Cabinet Office responsible for emergency planning in the UK. The role of the secretariat was to ensure the United Kingdom's resilience against disruptive challenge, and to do this by working with others to anticipate, assess, prevent, prepare, respond and recover. Until its creation in 2001, emergency planning in Britain was the responsibility of the Home Office. The CCS also supports the Civil Contingencies Committee, also known as COBR (or popularly – but incorrectly – as COBRA).
Formation
In the aftermath of the Y2K bug scare, the fuel protests of 2000, flooding in autumn 2000, and the foot and mouth epidemic of 2001 the UK government felt that the existing emergency management policies and structures were inadequate to deal with natural or man-made disasters, and formed the Civil Contingencies Secretariat in July 2001, located in the Cabinet Office.[3][4][5] Soon after the 9/11 attacks the remit of the CCS was expanded to include mitigating the consequences of a large scale terrorist attack.[6]
Until 2001 the Home Office carried out emergency preparedness planning through its Emergency Planning Division, which in turn replaced the Home Defence and Emergency Services Division. From 1935 to 1971 a separate department, called the Civil Defence Department (in the early years the Air Raid Precautions Department, Ministry of Home Security), existed.
Remit and reporting
In 2002 David Blunkett, then Home Secretary, stated, in a written reply to a parliamentary question:
The remit of the Civil Contingencies Secretariat is to make the United Kingdom more effective in planning for, dealing with, and learning lessons from emergencies and disasters.
— David Blunkett, [7]
He went on to state:
The Secretariat services the Civil Contingencies Committee, which I chair and in addition as part of the Cabinet Office reports to my right hon. Friend, the Prime Minister (Mr. Blair) through the Cabinet Secretary (Sir Richard Wilson).
— David Blunkett, [7]
The Civil Contingencies Committee, often informally referred to as COBR from the name of the room used, is a forum for ministers and senior officials to discuss and manage serious (level 2) and catastrophic (level 3) emergencies.[8][9]
In 2010, the secretariat launched an emergency communications service based on the Skynet military communication satellite system, called High Integrity Telecommunications System, for use by UK police and other emergency services, primarily at Strategic Command Centres and at major events and emergencies. It replaced the earlier Emergency Communications Network.[10][11]
Serco operates the Emergency Planning College in Easingwold, North Yorkshire under contract to the secretariat.[12]
Structure
The secretariat was led by a director and initially comprised five divisions dealing with:[13]
- Assessment – assessing known risks and scanning for future potential risks
- Capability Management – working with departments facing potential disruption, and advising on how to prevent or manage crisis
- Communication and Learning – including the News Co-ordination Centre in the Cabinet Office and the Emergency Planning College
- National Resilience Framework – developing partnerships between governmental agencies, voluntary agencies, local communities and private sector groups
- Programme Co-ordination – providing secretariat support for the Civil Contingencies Committee
In 2012, the CCS still had five sections, with a slightly different emphasis:[14]
- Capabilities
- Local Response Capabilities
- Emergency Planning College
- Horizon Scanning & Response
- Natural Hazards Team
Reform and disbandment
Following the Covid pandemic, and as a result of the risks faced by the UK becoming more complex, interconnected and demanding, the Cabinet Office made changes in July 2022 to support how the government responds to emergencies and to improve the long-term resilience of the UK. The Civil Contingencies Secretariat was split into two separate resilience functions:[15]
- The COBR Unit, which will continue to lead the government's response to crisis, domestic and international, malicious and non-malicious[15]
- A Resilience Directorate, which will lead the government's efforts to bolster the UK's resilience. This unit is responsible for the government's work on national resilience, managing the resilience system, resilience frameworks and risk processes.[15]
Directors of the Civil Contingencies Secretariat
- Mike Granatt, CB (2001–2002)[4]
- Susan Scholefield, CMG (2002–2004)[16]
- Bruce Mann (2004–2009)[17]
- Christina Scott (2009–2013)[18]
- Campbell McCafferty (2013–2016)[19]
- Katharine Hammond (2016–2020) [20]
- Roger Hargreaves (2020–2022)[21]
Documents issued
The CCS has produced the following documents:
- Emergency Response and Recovery which provides non-statutory guidance to accompany the Civil Contingencies Act 2004. First published in November 2005, it was last updated in October 2013.[22][23]
See also
- Civil Contingencies Committee
- CONOPS
- Joint Terrorism Analysis Centre
- Centre for the Protection of National Infrastructure
- Defence and Overseas Secretariat
- Economic and Domestic Affairs Secretariat
- European Secretariat
- Federal Emergency Management Agency, US counterpart
- Operation Yellowhammer
References
- ^ a b Gummer, Ben (21 December 2016). "Civil Contingencies Secretariat: Written question 57940". parliament.uk. Retrieved 13 August 2018.
- ^ https://covid19.public-inquiry.uk/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/22185030/INQ000182612.pdf [bare URL PDF]
- ^ Cornish 2007, pp. 10, 15.
- ^ a b Sylvester 2001.
- ^ Tesh 2012.
- ^ Cornish 2007, p. 10.
- ^ a b Hansard 2002.
- ^ BBC News 2006.
- ^ UK Parliament 2011.
- ^ "HITS Information Pack" (PDF). Cabinet Office, Civil Contingencies Secretariat. September 2010. Retrieved 28 January 2021.
- ^ "High Integrity Telecommunications System" (PDF). Cabinet Office. 2011. Retrieved 28 January 2021.
- ^ "About the EPC". Emergency Planning College. Retrieved 2 February 2021.
- ^ Select Committee on Defence 2002.
- ^ Barber 2012.
- ^ a b c "UK Covid Inquiry:" (PDF). 31 January 2023. Retrieved 22 March 2024. Text was copied from this source, which is available under an Open Government Licence v3.0. © Crown copyright.
- ^ BiP Contracts.
- ^ Revill 2007.
- ^ Foreign & Commonwealth Office.
- ^ NIHR.
- ^ UKIESF 2016.
- ^ "House of Lords".
- ^ Cornish 2007, pp. 16.
- ^ gov.uk Publications.
- Cornish, Dr Paul (June 2007). Domestic Security, Civil Contingencies and Resilience in the United Kingdom (Report). Chatham House. Archived from the original on 9 October 2016. Retrieved 6 October 2016.
- Sylvester, Rachel (11 July 2001). "Blair forms emergency unit after debacles". Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 6 October 2016.
- Tesh, John (26 October 2012). "The making of a National Risk Register". University of Cambridge Research. Retrieved 7 October 2016.
- David Blunkett, Home Secretary (21 June 2002). "Civil Contingency Secretariat". Parliamentary Debates (Hansard). United Kingdom: House of Commons.
- "Cobra: The UK's emergencies team". BBC News. 6 April 2006. Retrieved 7 October 2016.
- "3 Government structures". www.parliament.uk. UK Parliament. 2 March 2011. Retrieved 7 October 2016.
- "Memorandum from the Civil Contingencies Secretariat (9 January 2002)". UK Parliament. 7 March 2002. Retrieved 8 October 2016.
- Barber, Mat (2012). "Risk Assessment and UK Resilience". Cabinet Office. Civil Contingencies Secretariat Organogram. Archived from the original on 8 October 2016. Retrieved 7 October 2016.
- "New Head of the Civil Contingencies Secretariat". BiP Contracts. 5 November 2002. Archived from the original on 9 October 2016. Retrieved 6 October 2016.
- Revill, Jo (29 July 2007). "The mandarins planning how we would cope again". The Guardian. Retrieved 12 October 2015.
- "Change of Governor of Anguilla" (Press release). Foreign & Commonwealth Office. 23 October 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2016.
- "Independent Advisory Group: Biographies". National Institute for Health Research. 2014. Campbell McCafferty. Retrieved 6 October 2016.
- "Publications – Guidance: Emergency response and recovery". Gov.uk. Retrieved 6 October 2016.
- "The Innovative Emergency Services Forum". UK Innovative Emergency Services Forum. Archived from the original on 10 October 2016. Retrieved 8 October 2016.
External links
- Emergency planning – from Gov.uk
- Risk assessment: how the risk of emergencies in the UK is assessed – from Gov.uk
- Preparation and planning for emergencies: the National Resilience Capabilities Programme – from Gov.uk
- The Lead Government Department andits role - Guidance and Best Practice (PDF) (Report). Civil Contingencies Secretariat. 2004. 261094/0304/D4.
- UKResilience twitter account – from the Civil Contingencies Secretariat
- Emergency Planning Society – official website