Jumping jack (toy): Difference between revisions
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source for similar Egyptian toy, although this may only be a rough comparison |
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{{Other uses|Jumping jack (disambiguation)}} |
{{Other uses|Jumping jack (disambiguation)}} |
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[[Image:Comic History of Rome p 014 Initial R.jpg|thumb| |
[[Image:Comic History of Rome p 014 Initial R.jpg|thumb|upright|A jumping jack toy, c.1850]] |
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The '''jumping jack''' is a jointed, flat wooden figure, a cross between a [[puppet]] and a [[paper doll]]. The figure's joints are connected to a [[pull string]], which causes the arms and legs move up and down when the string is pulled and released. |
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The '''jumping jack''' is a toy whose origins date back thousands of years.{{Citation needed|date=October 2016}} The jointed jumping jack figure is a cross between a [[puppet]] and a [[paper doll]]. The figures are generally made from wood and their limbs are jointed and tied to a [[pull string]]. When the string is pulled and released, the arms and legs move up and down. |
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==History== |
==History== |
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Although the jumping jack is popularly thought of as a European toy, |
Although the jumping jack is popularly thought of as a European toy, it has been compared to [[ancient Egyptian]] toy figures with moveable limbs.<ref>{{cite book |title=Oliver Optic's Magazine: Our Boys and Girls ... |publisher=Lee and Shepard |url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=4DNAAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA285 |accessdate=7 November 2020 |language=en}}</ref> Ivory dancer figures, made to spin by pulling their strings, have been found at the archaeological site [[El-Lisht]], and are considered to be among the earliest forms of this family of mechanical toys.{{Citation needed|date=October 2016}} |
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Jumping jacks were popular in many countries including England and Germany, where they were known as Hampelmann. In France they were especially popular and generally known as “pantins”.<ref>https://wepa.unima.org/en/jumping-jack/</ref> |
Jumping jacks were popular in many countries including England and Germany, where they were known as Hampelmann. In France they were especially popular and generally known as “pantins”.<ref>https://wepa.unima.org/en/jumping-jack/</ref> |
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In the mid-1700s, “''pantins''” were popular among the French nobility.{{Citation needed|date=October 2016}} |
In the mid-1700s, “''pantins''” were popular among the French nobility.{{Citation needed|date=October 2016}} |
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In 1832 the ''Hampelmann'' was created by Carl Malss as a figure for the burlesque at [[Frankfurt am Main]]. Later the jumping jack toy became known as ''Hampelmann'' in [[German language|German]]-speaking countries. They were manufactured in the [[Erzgebirge]] mountain range in [[Germany]].<ref>''Dtv-lexikon'', Deutscher Taschenbuch Verlag, Munich, 1971, vol. 8, p. 169</ref> |
In 1832 the ''Hampelmann'' was created by Carl Malss as a figure for the burlesque at [[Frankfurt am Main]]. Later the jumping jack toy became known as ''Hampelmann'' in [[German language|German]]-speaking countries. They were manufactured in the [[Erzgebirge]] mountain range in [[Germany]].<ref>''Dtv-lexikon'', Deutscher Taschenbuch Verlag, Munich, 1971, vol. 8, p. 169</ref> |
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Revision as of 11:19, 7 November 2020
The jumping jack is a jointed, flat wooden figure, a cross between a puppet and a paper doll. The figure's joints are connected to a pull string, which causes the arms and legs move up and down when the string is pulled and released.
History
Although the jumping jack is popularly thought of as a European toy, it has been compared to ancient Egyptian toy figures with moveable limbs.[1] Ivory dancer figures, made to spin by pulling their strings, have been found at the archaeological site El-Lisht, and are considered to be among the earliest forms of this family of mechanical toys.[citation needed]
Jumping jacks were popular in many countries including England and Germany, where they were known as Hampelmann. In France they were especially popular and generally known as “pantins”.[2]
In the mid-1700s, “pantins” were popular among the French nobility.[citation needed]
In 1832 the Hampelmann was created by Carl Malss as a figure for the burlesque at Frankfurt am Main. Later the jumping jack toy became known as Hampelmann in German-speaking countries. They were manufactured in the Erzgebirge mountain range in Germany.[3]
In 1926, in her first year as a student at the famous Bauhaus design school in Dessau, Germany, the textile designer Margaretha Reichardt undertook a preliminary course run by Josef Albers and László Moholy-Nagy.[4] As part of the course she designed a modern version of the Hampelmann, which was later produced commercially by Naef, a Swiss toy company. Her version is set in a wooden frame, but like traditional Hampelmänner he has articulated limbs that move when a string is pulled.[5]
Quockerwodger
Oxford Reference cites the word "quockerwodger" as "a wooden puppet which can be made to 'dance' by pulling its strings".[6] By analogy, quockerwodger came to be used for a politician whose "strings" are pulled entirely by their own "puppetmaster".[7]
External links
References
- ^ Oliver Optic's Magazine: Our Boys and Girls ... Lee and Shepard. Retrieved 7 November 2020.
- ^ https://wepa.unima.org/en/jumping-jack/
- ^ Dtv-lexikon, Deutscher Taschenbuch Verlag, Munich, 1971, vol. 8, p. 169
- ^ Bauhaus100.com. Margaretha Reichardt Retrieved 31 October 2018
- ^ Formost.de. Margaretha Reichardt. Retrieved 31 October 2018
- ^ Oxford Reference. Quockerwodger. Retrieved 31 October 2018
- ^ Susie Dent. Twitter. Retrieved 4 June 2020
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