Former constellations: Difference between revisions
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| Asterion and [[Cor Caroli|Chara]] || || Northern and Southern [[Dog]]s in [[Canes Venatici]] || 1690 || [[Johannes Hevelius]].<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.ianridpath.com/startales/canesvenatici.htm |work = Star Tales |title = Canes Venatici |last = Ridpath |first = Ian |accessdate = 1 April 2018}}</ref> |
| Asterion and [[Cor Caroli|Chara]] || || Northern and Southern [[Dog]]s in [[Canes Venatici]] || 1690 || [[Johannes Hevelius]].<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.ianridpath.com/startales/canesvenatici.htm |work = Star Tales |title = Canes Venatici |last = Ridpath |first = Ian |accessdate = 1 April 2018}}</ref> |
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| Battery of Volta || || [[Battery (electricity)|Battery]] || 1807 || [[Thomas Young (scientist)|Thomas Young]] |
| [[:ru:Вольтова Батарея (созвездие)|Battery of Volta]] || || [[Battery (electricity)|Battery]] || 1807 || [[Thomas Young (scientist)|Thomas Young]] |
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| Bufo || {{IPAc-en|ˈ|b|juː|f|oʊ}} || [[Toad]] || 1754 || [[John Hill (author)|John Hill]] |
| Bufo || {{IPAc-en|ˈ|b|juː|f|oʊ}} || [[Toad]] || 1754 || [[John Hill (author)|John Hill]] |
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| [[Gallus (constellation)|Gallus]] || {{IPAc-en|ˈ|ɡ|æ|l|ə|s}}|| [[Chicken|Rooster]] || 1613 || [[Petrus Plancius]] |
| [[Gallus (constellation)|Gallus]] || {{IPAc-en|ˈ|ɡ|æ|l|ə|s}}|| [[Chicken|Rooster]] || 1613 || [[Petrus Plancius]] |
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| Gladii Electorales Saxonici || || [[Electorate of Saxony|Crossed Swords of the Electorate of Saxony]] || 1684 || [[Gottfried Kirch]] |
| [[:ru:Мечи Курфюрста Саксонского (созвездие)|Gladii Electorales Saxonici]] || || [[Electorate of Saxony|Crossed Swords of the Electorate of Saxony]] || 1684 || [[Gottfried Kirch]] |
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| [[Globus Aerostaticus]] || {{IPAc-en|ˈ|ɡ|l|oʊ|b|ə|s|_|ˌ|ɛər|ə|ˈ|s|t|æ|t|ᵻ|k|ə|s}}|| [[Hot air balloon]] || 1798 || [[Jérôme Lalande]]<ref>Allen 1963, p. 237.</ref> |
| [[Globus Aerostaticus]] || {{IPAc-en|ˈ|ɡ|l|oʊ|b|ə|s|_|ˌ|ɛər|ə|ˈ|s|t|æ|t|ᵻ|k|ə|s}}|| [[Hot air balloon]] || 1798 || [[Jérôme Lalande]]<ref>Allen 1963, p. 237.</ref> |
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| [[Jordanus (constellation)|Jordanus]] || {{IPAc-en|dʒ|ɔːr|ˈ|d|eɪ|n|ə|s}}|| River [[Jordan River|Jordan]] || 1613 || [[Petrus Plancius]] |
| [[Jordanus (constellation)|Jordanus]] || {{IPAc-en|dʒ|ɔːr|ˈ|d|eɪ|n|ə|s}}|| River [[Jordan River|Jordan]] || 1613 || [[Petrus Plancius]] |
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| Leo Palatinus || || [[Lion]] to honor the [[Elector Palatine]] [[Charles Theodore, Elector of Bavaria|Charles Theodore]] and his wife [[Countess Palatine Elisabeth Auguste of Sulzbach|Elisabeth Auguste]] || 1785 || [[Karl-Joseph König]] |
| [[:ru:Императорский Лев (созвездие)|Leo Palatinus]] || || [[Lion]] to honor the [[Elector Palatine]] [[Charles Theodore, Elector of Bavaria|Charles Theodore]] and his wife [[Countess Palatine Elisabeth Auguste of Sulzbach|Elisabeth Auguste]] || 1785 || [[Karl-Joseph König]] |
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| [[Lochium Funis]] || {{IPAc-en|ˈ|l|ɒ|k|i|ə|m|_|ˈ|f|juː|n|ᵻ|s}} || [[Chip log|Log]] line (renamed to '''Linea Nautica''' in 1888 by Eliza A. Bowen<ref>{{cite web|url=http://astrocultura.uai.it/mitologia/antiche/costellazioniperdute3.htm|title=Astrocultura UAI - Unione Astrofili Italiani- Sezione Mitologia Costellazioni estinte obsolete|website=astrocultura.uai.it}}</ref>) || 1801 || [[Johann Elert Bode]]<ref>Allen 1963, p. 65.</ref> |
| [[Lochium Funis]] || {{IPAc-en|ˈ|l|ɒ|k|i|ə|m|_|ˈ|f|juː|n|ᵻ|s}} || [[Chip log|Log]] line (renamed to '''Linea Nautica''' in 1888 by Eliza A. Bowen<ref>{{cite web|url=http://astrocultura.uai.it/mitologia/antiche/costellazioniperdute3.htm|title=Astrocultura UAI - Unione Astrofili Italiani- Sezione Mitologia Costellazioni estinte obsolete|website=astrocultura.uai.it}}</ref>) || 1801 || [[Johann Elert Bode]]<ref>Allen 1963, p. 65.</ref> |
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| Manis || {{IPAc-en|ˈ|m|eɪ|n|ᵻ|s}} || [[Pangolin]] || 1754 || [[John Hill (author)|John Hill]] |
| Manis || {{IPAc-en|ˈ|m|eɪ|n|ᵻ|s}} || [[Pangolin]] || 1754 || [[John Hill (author)|John Hill]] |
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| Marmor Sculptile || || Bust of [[Christopher Columbus|Columbus]] || 1810 || William Croswell |
| [[:ru:Мраморная Скульптура (созвездие)|Marmor Sculptile]] || || Bust of [[Christopher Columbus|Columbus]] || 1810 || William Croswell |
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| [[Mons Maenalus]] ||{{IPAc-en|ˈ|m|ɒ|n|z|_|ˈ|m|ɛ|n|ə|l|ə|s}} || Mount [[Mainalo]] || 1690 || [[Johannes Hevelius]]<ref>Allen 1963, p. 290.</ref> |
| [[Mons Maenalus]] ||{{IPAc-en|ˈ|m|ɒ|n|z|_|ˈ|m|ɛ|n|ə|l|ə|s}} || Mount [[Mainalo]] || 1690 || [[Johannes Hevelius]]<ref>Allen 1963, p. 290.</ref> |
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| Pomum Imperiale || || [[Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor|Leopold]]'s orb || 1688 || [[Gottfried Kirch]] |
| Pomum Imperiale || || [[Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor|Leopold]]'s orb || 1688 || [[Gottfried Kirch]] |
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| Phaethon || || [[Phaethon]] || {{sort|1300|Middle Ages}} || [[Aratus]]/[[Hyginus]] |
| [[:ru:Фаэтон (созвездие)|Phaethon]] || || [[Phaethon]] || {{sort|1300|Middle Ages}} || [[Aratus]]/[[Hyginus]] |
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| Pluteum || || [[Parapet]] (obsolete for [[Pictor]]) || 1881 || [[Richard Andree]] |
| Pluteum || || [[Parapet]] (obsolete for [[Pictor]]) || 1881 || [[Richard Andree]] |
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| Rosa || || [[Rose]] || 1536 || [[Petrus Apianus]] |
| Rosa || || [[Rose]] || 1536 || [[Petrus Apianus]] |
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| Sagitta Australis || || Southern [[Arrow]] || 1613 || [[Petrus Plancius]] |
| [[:ru:Южная Стрела (созвездие)|Sagitta Australis]] || || Southern [[Arrow]] || 1613 || [[Petrus Plancius]] |
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| Scarabaeus || {{IPAc-en|s|k|ær|ə|ˈ|b|iː|ə|s}} || [[Rhinoceros beetle|Rhinoceros Beetle]] || 1754 || [[John Hill (author)|John Hill]] |
| Scarabaeus || {{IPAc-en|s|k|ær|ə|ˈ|b|iː|ə|s}} || [[Rhinoceros beetle|Rhinoceros Beetle]] || 1754 || [[John Hill (author)|John Hill]] |
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| [[Sextans|Sextants Uraniae]] || || [[Urania]]'s [[Sextant]] (obsolete name for [[Sextans]]) || 1690 || [[Johannes Hevelius]] |
| [[Sextans|Sextants Uraniae]] || || [[Urania]]'s [[Sextant]] (obsolete name for [[Sextans]]) || 1690 || [[Johannes Hevelius]] |
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| Siren, Ceneus and Lang || || [[Siren (mythology)|Siren]], [[Lapith]] [[Caeneus]] and [[Toucan]] || {{sort|1600|early 17th century}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://webspace.science.uu.nl/~gent0113/celestia/puzzlingstarmaps.htm|title=A Pair of Puzzling Star Maps and Two Unknown Constellations|first=R.H. van|last=Gent|website=webspace.science.uu.nl}}</ref> || Unknown/[[Willem Jansz Blaeu]] |
| [[:ru:Сирена (созвездие)|Siren]], [[:ru:Кеней (созвездие)|Ceneus]] and Lang || || [[Siren (mythology)|Siren]], [[Lapith]] [[Caeneus]] and [[Toucan]] || {{sort|1600|early 17th century}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://webspace.science.uu.nl/~gent0113/celestia/puzzlingstarmaps.htm|title=A Pair of Puzzling Star Maps and Two Unknown Constellations|first=R.H. van|last=Gent|website=webspace.science.uu.nl}}</ref> || Unknown/[[Willem Jansz Blaeu]] |
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| [[Solarium (constellation)|Solarium]] || {{IPAc-en|s|ə|ˈ|l|ɛər|i|ə|m}}|| Sundial || 1822 || [[Alexander Jamieson]] |
| [[Solarium (constellation)|Solarium]] || {{IPAc-en|s|ə|ˈ|l|ɛər|i|ə|m}}|| Sundial || 1822 || [[Alexander Jamieson]] |
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| Sudarium Veronicae || || [[Sudarium of Veronica]] || 1643 || Antoine Marie Schyrle de Rheita<ref>{{cite web|url=http://astrocultura.uai.it/mitologia/antiche/costellazioniperdute1.htm|title=Astrocultura UAI - Unione Astrofili Italiani- Sezione Mitologia Costellazioni estinte obsolete|website=astrocultura.uai.it}}</ref> |
| [[:ru:Плат Вероники (созвездие)|Sudarium Veronicae]] || || [[Sudarium of Veronica]] || 1643 || Antoine Marie Schyrle de Rheita<ref>{{cite web|url=http://astrocultura.uai.it/mitologia/antiche/costellazioniperdute1.htm|title=Astrocultura UAI - Unione Astrofili Italiani- Sezione Mitologia Costellazioni estinte obsolete|website=astrocultura.uai.it}}</ref> |
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| Tarandus or [[Rangifer (constellation)|Rangifer]] ||{{IPAc-en|t|ə|ˈ|r|æ|n|d|ə|s|,_|ˈ|r|æ|n|dʒ|ᵻ|f|ər}} || [[Reindeer]] || 1736 || [[Pierre Charles Lemonnier]]<ref>Allen 1963, p. 377.</ref> |
| Tarandus or [[Rangifer (constellation)|Rangifer]] ||{{IPAc-en|t|ə|ˈ|r|æ|n|d|ə|s|,_|ˈ|r|æ|n|dʒ|ᵻ|f|ər}} || [[Reindeer]] || 1736 || [[Pierre Charles Lemonnier]]<ref>Allen 1963, p. 377.</ref> |
Revision as of 14:24, 1 August 2020
Former constellations are old historical western constellations that for various reasons are no longer widely recognised or are not officially recognised by the International Astronomical Union (IAU).[1] Prior to 1930, many of these defunct constellations were traditional in one or more countries or cultures. Some only lasted decades but others were referred to over many centuries. All are now recognised only for having classical or historical value.[2] Many former constellations had complex Latinised names after objects, people, or mythological or zoological creatures.[2] Others with unwieldy names were shortened for convenience. For example, Scutum Sobiescianum was reduced to Scutum, Mons Mensae to Mensa, and Apparatus Sculptoris to Sculptor.
Some of the northern sky's former constellations were placed in the less populated regions between the traditional brighter constellations just to fill gaps. In the southern skies, new constellations were often created from about the 15th century by voyagers who began journeying south of the equator. European countries like England, France, the Netherlands, German or Italian states, etc., often supported and popularised their own constellation outlines. In some cases, different constellations occupied overlapping areas and included the same stars. These former constellations are often found in older books, star charts or star catalogues.
The eighty-eight modern constellation names and boundaries were standardised by Eugene Delporte for the IAU in 1930, under an international agreement, removing any possible astronomical ambiguities between astronomers from different countries.[3] Nearly all former or defunct constellations differ in their designated boundaries inasmuch as they have outlines that do not follow the exact lines of right ascension and declination.[4]
Noteworthy former constellations
Argo Navis
Argo Navis is the only constellation from Ptolemy's original list of 48 constellations that is no longer officially recognized. Due to its large size, it was split into three constellations by Nicolas Louis de Lacaille: Carina (the keel), Puppis (the poop deck), and Vela (the sails).[5] The new constellations were introduced in the 1763 star catalog Coelum Australe Stelliferum, which was published soon after de Lacaille's death.
Quadrans Muralis
Quadrans Muralis was originally created in 1795, placed in the northern skies between the still-accepted constellations Boötes and Draco. The Quadrantids meteor shower is named after this former constellation.
Remnant nomenclature
- 53 Eridani retains the name Sceptrum from the former constellation Sceptrum Brandenburgicum.[6]
List of former constellations
References
- ^ "The Constellations". IAU—International Astronomical Union. Retrieved 2018-04-01.
- ^ a b Ian Ridpath. "Constellation names, abbreviations and sizes". Retrieved 2018-04-01.
- ^ Marc Lachièze-Rey; Jean-Pierre Luminet; Bibliothèque Nationale de France. Paris (16 July 2001). Celestial Treasury: From the Music of the Spheres to the Conquest of Space. Cambridge University Press. p. 80. ISBN 978-0-521-80040-2.
- ^ "Constellation boundaries". Retrieved 2018-04-01.
- ^ "Star Tales – Argo Navis". www.ianridpath.com.
- ^ Barentine, John C. (2015). The Lost Constellations: A History of Obsolete, Extinct, or Forgotten Star Lore. New York, New York: Springer. p. 365.
- ^ Allen 1963, p. 40.
- ^ "Page:Popular Science Monthly Volume 30.djvu/774 - Wikisource, the free online library". en.wikisource.org.
- ^ "Star Tales – Cancer". www.ianridpath.com.
- ^ Ridpath, Ian. "Canes Venatici". Star Tales. Retrieved 1 April 2018.
- ^ "AMALTHEA (Amaltheia) - Goat Nurse of Zeus in Greek Mythology". www.theoi.com.
- ^ Allen 1963, p. 191.
- ^ "Astrocultura UAI - Unione Astrofili Italiani- Sezione Mitologia Costellazioni estinte obsolete". astrocultura.uai.it.
- ^ Allen 1963, p. 221.
- ^ Allen 1963, p. 237.
- ^ "Astrocultura UAI - Unione Astrofili Italiani- Sezione Mitologia Costellazioni estinte obsolete". astrocultura.uai.it.
- ^ Allen 1963, p. 65.
- ^ Allen 1963, p. 289.
- ^ Allen 1963, p. 290.
- ^ Allen 1963, p. 297.
- ^ "Star Tales – Grus". www.ianridpath.com.
- ^ Allen 1963, p. 347.
- ^ Allen 1963, p. 348.
- ^ Allen 1963, p. 242.
- ^ Allen 1963, p. 349.
- ^ Allen 1963, p. 360.
- ^ Kanas, Nick (2007). Star maps: history, artistry, and cartography. New York, New York: Springer. p. 131. ISBN 0-387-71668-8.
- ^ Gent, R.H. van. "A Pair of Puzzling Star Maps and Two Unknown Constellations". webspace.science.uu.nl.
- ^ "Astrocultura UAI - Unione Astrofili Italiani- Sezione Mitologia Costellazioni estinte obsolete". astrocultura.uai.it.
- ^ Allen 1963, p. 377.
- ^ Allen 1963, p. 413.
- ^ "Nuova pagina 1". Atlascoelestis.com. Retrieved 2018-08-05.
- ^ Allen 1963, p. 414.
- ^ Allen 1963, p. 417.
- ^ Allen 1963, p. 418.
- ^ Allen 1963, p. 292.
- ^ "Nuova pagina 1". Atlascoelestis.com. Retrieved 2018-08-05.
See also
Other References
- Allen, Richard Hinckley (1963). Star Names: Their Lore and Meaning New York: Dover. (Original work published 1899)
- Nick Kanas. Star Maps: History, Artistry, and Cartography. Springer; 5 June 2012. ISBN 978-1-4614-0917-5.