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==Biography== |
==Biography== |
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Stark was born in [[Helsinki|Helsingfors]] (now Helsinki) in the [[Grand Duchy of Finland]] and was of [[Swedish-speaking population of Finland|Finno-Swedish]] ethnicity and [[Lutheran]] faith<ref>[http://wiki.wargaming.net/ru/Navy:%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA,_%D0%9E%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80_%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87 Stark, Oskar Viktorovich]</ref>. He graduated from the [[Sea Cadet Corps (Russia)|Sea Cadet Corps]] in 1864. In his early career, he participated on numerous expeditions as commander of the [[frigate]] ''Vostok'' from 1874-1877 to chart the [[Arctic Ocean|Arctic]] and Pacific coasts of [[Siberia]]. He subsequently captained a [[gunboat]] in the [[Russo-Turkish War (1877-1878)]] and later the gunboats ''Sivuch'' and ''Pervenets''. He was captain of the cruiser {{ship|Russian armoured cruiser|Vladimir Monomakh||2}} from 1891-1892. From 11 April 1898 to 7 October 1902 Stark served in the [[Russian Pacific Fleet]]. On 6 December 1902, he was promoted to vice admiral. By appointment from Viceroy of the Far East [[Yevgeni Ivanovich Alekseyev]], Stark was commander of the Russian naval base at [[Lüshunkou|Port Arthur]] from 1 May 1898 to 7 October 1902. In February 1902 he was appointed commander of the Russian Pacific Fleet.<ref name= Kowner>Kowner, '' Historical Dictionary of the Russo-Japanese War'', pp. 358–359.</ref> |
Stark was born in [[Helsinki|Helsingfors]] (now Helsinki) in the [[Grand Duchy of Finland]] and was of [[Swedish-speaking population of Finland|Finno-Swedish]] ethnicity and [[Lutheran]] faith<ref>[http://wiki.wargaming.net/ru/Navy:%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA,_%D0%9E%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80_%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87 Stark, Oskar Viktorovich]</ref>. He graduated from the [[Sea Cadet Corps (Russia)|Sea Cadet Corps]] in 1864. In his early career, he participated on numerous expeditions as commander of the [[frigate]] ''Vostok'' from 1874-1877 to chart the [[Arctic Ocean|Arctic]] and Pacific coasts of [[Siberia]]. He subsequently captained a [[gunboat]] in the [[Russo-Turkish War (1877-1878)]] and later the gunboats ''Sivuch'' and ''Pervenets''. He was captain of the cruiser {{ship|Russian armoured cruiser|Vladimir Monomakh||2}} from 1891-1892. From 11 April 1898 to 7 October 1902 Stark served in the [[Pacific Fleet (Russia)|Russian Pacific Fleet]]. On 6 December 1902, he was promoted to vice admiral. By appointment from Viceroy of the [[Russian Far East]] [[Yevgeni Ivanovich Alekseyev]], Stark was commander of the Russian naval base at [[Lüshunkou District|Port Arthur]] from 1 May 1898 to 7 October 1902. In February 1902 he was appointed commander of the Russian Pacific Fleet.<ref name= Kowner>Kowner, '' Historical Dictionary of the Russo-Japanese War'', pp. 358–359.</ref> |
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At the start of the [[Russian-Japanese War]], the [[Imperial Japanese Navy]] launched a [[pre-emptive strike]] on the Russian fleet anchored at Port Arthur, initiating the [[Battle of Port Arthur]]. At the time of the attack, Stark was holding a birthday party for his wife<ref name= Kowner /> on the deck of his [[flagship]], the [[battleship]] {{ship|Russian battleship|Petropavlovsk|1894|2}}, and the crowd attending the party mistakenly thought the exploding Japanese ordnance was fired in honour of the birthday party. |
At the start of the [[Russian-Japanese War]], the [[Imperial Japanese Navy]] launched a [[pre-emptive strike]] on the Russian fleet anchored at Port Arthur, initiating the [[Battle of Port Arthur]]. At the time of the attack, Stark was holding a birthday party for his wife<ref name= Kowner /> on the deck of his [[flagship]], the [[battleship]] {{ship|Russian battleship|Petropavlovsk|1894|2}}, and the crowd attending the party mistakenly thought the exploding Japanese ordnance was fired in honour of the birthday party. |
Revision as of 05:27, 1 October 2018
This article needs additional citations for verification. (April 2014) |
Oskar Ludwig Stark | |
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![]() Vice-admiral Oskar Stark. | |
Born | Helsingfors (now Helsinki), Grand Duchy of Finland, Russian Empire | 16 August 1846
Died | 13 November 1928 Helsinki, Finland | (aged 82)
Allegiance | ![]() |
Service/ | ![]() |
Rank | Admiral |
Battles/wars | Russo-Turkish War (1877-1878) Russo-Japanese War World War I Russian Civil War |
Awards | ![]() |
Oskar Ludwig Stark (Russian: Оскар Викторович (Фёдорович) Старк, Oskar Viktorovich (Fyodorovich)[1] Stark; 16 August 1846 – 13 November 1928) was a Finno-Swedish admiral in the Imperial Russian Navy and a noted explorer of Peter the Great Gulf and the Far Eastern seas. A strait in Peter the Great Gulf and a bay in the Tatar Strait are named after him.
Biography
Stark was born in Helsingfors (now Helsinki) in the Grand Duchy of Finland and was of Finno-Swedish ethnicity and Lutheran faith[2]. He graduated from the Sea Cadet Corps in 1864. In his early career, he participated on numerous expeditions as commander of the frigate Vostok from 1874-1877 to chart the Arctic and Pacific coasts of Siberia. He subsequently captained a gunboat in the Russo-Turkish War (1877-1878) and later the gunboats Sivuch and Pervenets. He was captain of the cruiser Vladimir Monomakh from 1891-1892. From 11 April 1898 to 7 October 1902 Stark served in the Russian Pacific Fleet. On 6 December 1902, he was promoted to vice admiral. By appointment from Viceroy of the Russian Far East Yevgeni Ivanovich Alekseyev, Stark was commander of the Russian naval base at Port Arthur from 1 May 1898 to 7 October 1902. In February 1902 he was appointed commander of the Russian Pacific Fleet.[3]
At the start of the Russian-Japanese War, the Imperial Japanese Navy launched a pre-emptive strike on the Russian fleet anchored at Port Arthur, initiating the Battle of Port Arthur. At the time of the attack, Stark was holding a birthday party for his wife[3] on the deck of his flagship, the battleship Petropavlovsk, and the crowd attending the party mistakenly thought the exploding Japanese ordnance was fired in honour of the birthday party.
The Japanese attack was less-than-entirely successful, and Stark (despite wanting to engage the Japanese and being overruled by the Viceroy) was loudly criticized in the Russian and the world press as having suffered a huge defeat, and was subsequently sacked by Tsar Nicholas II from his post on 24 February 1904. Vice Admiral Stepan Makarov arrived on 8 March 1904 as his replacement. Stark was given the Order of St. Vladimir and recalled to a staff assignment with the Russian Black Sea Fleet in 1906,[3] but continued to be regarded as a scapegoat for the Battle of Port Arthur.
After the war, Stark was discharged from the military in 1908 and became involved in business activities. For a time he was Chairman of the Board of the Obukhov State Plant and the Izhorskiye Zavody.
Stark subsequently went into exile at Helsinki, Finland, where he died in 1928.
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png)
References
- Connaughton, R.M (1988). The War of the Rising Sun and the Tumbling Bear—A Military History of the Russo-Japanese War 1904–5, London, ISBN 0-415-00906-5.
- Jukes, Geoffry. The Russo-Japanese War 1904–1905. Osprey Essential Histories. (2002). ISBN 978-1-84176-446-7.
- Kowner, Rotem (2006). Historical Dictionary of the Russo-Japanese War. The Scarecrow Press. ISBN 0-8108-4927-5.
{{cite book}}
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(help) - Warner, Denis & Peggy. The Tide at Sunrise, A History of the Russo-Japanese War 1904–1905. (1975). ISBN 0-7146-5256-3.
Notes
- ^ Stark, Oskar Viktorovich
- ^ Stark, Oskar Viktorovich
- ^ a b c Kowner, Historical Dictionary of the Russo-Japanese War, pp. 358–359.
- 1846 births
- 1928 deaths
- Imperial Russian explorers
- Imperial Russian Navy admirals
- Russian and Soviet polar explorers
- Russian military personnel of the Russo-Turkish War (1877–78)
- Russian military personnel of the Russo-Japanese War
- Recipients of the Order of St. Vladimir, 2nd class
- White movement admirals
- Imperial Russian emigrants to Finland
- White Russian emigrants to Finland