Jingo-keiun: Difference between revisions

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Jingo-keiun (神護景雲) was a Japanese era name (年号,, nengō, "year name") after Tenpyō-jingo and before Hōki. This period spanned the years from August 767 through October 770.^[1] The reigning empress was Empress Shōtoku-tennō (称徳天皇). This was the same woman who had reigned previously as the former Kōken-tennō (孝謙天皇).^[2]

Change of era

767 Jingo-keiun gannen (神護景雲元年): The new era name was created to mark an event or series of events. The previous era ended and the new one commenced in Tenpyō-jingo 3, on the 18th day of the 8th month of 767.^[3]

Events of the Jingo-keiun era

September 8, 669 (Jingo-keiun 3, 4th day of the 8th month): In the 5th year of Shōtoku-tennō 's reign (称徳天皇5年), the empress died; and she designated Senior Counselor Prince Shirakabe as her heir.^[4]
770 (Jingo-keiun 3, 4th day of the 8th month): The succession (senso) was received by a 62-year-old grandson of Emperor Tenji.^[5]
770 (Jingo-keiun 3, 1st day of the 10th month): Emperor Kōnin was is said to have acceded to the throne (sokui) in a formal ceremony;and the nengō was changed to Hōki on the very same day.^[6]

The Jingō-kaihō' was a copper coin issued from 765 to 796. It had a diameter of about 23 mm and a weight of between 3.4 and 4.5 grams.^[7]

Notes

^ Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2005). "Jingo-keiun" in Japan encyclopedia, p. 422; n.b., Louis-Frédéric is pseudonym of Louis-Frédéric Nussbaum, see Deutsche Nationalbibliothek Authority File Archived 2012-05-24 at archive.today.
^ Titsingh, Isaac. (1834). Annales des empereurs du Japon, pp. 78-81; Brown, Delmer et al. (1979). Gukanshō, pp. 274-276; Varley, H. Paul. (1980). Jinnō Shōtōki. p. 143-147.
^ Brown, p. 276.
^ Brown, pp. 276-277.
^ Brown, p. 276; Varley, p. 44, 148; a distinct act of senso is unrecognized prior to Emperor Tenji; and all sovereigns except Jitō, Yōzei, Go-Toba, and Fushimi have senso and sokui in the same year until the reign of Emperor Go-Murakami.
^ Titsingh, p. 81; Brown, p. 277; Varley, p. 44, 148.
^ Nussbaum, "Jingō-kaihō" in Japan encyclopedia, p. 422.

References

Brown, Delmer M. and Ichirō Ishida, eds. (1979). Gukanshō: The Future and the Past. Berkeley: University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-03460-0; OCLC 251325323
Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric and Käthe Roth. (2005). Japan encyclopedia. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-01753-5; OCLC 58053128
Titsingh, Isaac. (1834). Nihon Odai Ichiran; ou, Annales des empereurs du Japon. Paris: Royal Asiatic Society, Oriental Translation Fund of Great Britain and Ireland. OCLC 5850691
Varley, H. Paul. (1980). A Chronicle of Gods and Sovereigns: Jinnō Shōtōki of Kitabatake Chikafusa. New York: Columbia University Press. ISBN 9780231049405; OCLC 6042764

External links

National Diet Library, "The Japanese Calendar" -- historical overview plus illustrative images from library's collection

Preceded by Tenpyō-jingo	Era or nengō Jingo-keiun 767–770	Succeeded by Hōki

[1] Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2005). "Jingo-keiun" in Japan encyclopedia, p. 422; n.b., Louis-Frédéric is pseudonym of Louis-Frédéric Nussbaum, see Deutsche Nationalbibliothek Authority File Archived 2012-05-24 at archive.today.

[2] Titsingh, Isaac. (1834). Annales des empereurs du Japon, pp. 78-81; Brown, Delmer et al. (1979). Gukanshō, pp. 274-276; Varley, H. Paul. (1980). Jinnō Shōtōki. p. 143-147.

[3] Brown, p. 276.

[4] Brown, pp. 276-277.

[5] Brown, p. 276; Varley, p. 44, 148; a distinct act of senso is unrecognized prior to Emperor Tenji; and all sovereigns except Jitō, Yōzei, Go-Toba, and Fushimi have senso and sokui in the same year until the reign of Emperor Go-Murakami.

[6] Titsingh, p. 81; Brown, p. 277; Varley, p. 44, 148.

[7] Nussbaum, "Jingō-kaihō" in Japan encyclopedia, p. 422.

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@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 {{History of Japan|Shoso-in.jpg| Image explanation = [[Shōsōin]]}}
-{{nihongo|'''Jingo-keiun'''|神護景雲}} was a {{nihongo|[[Japanese era name]]|年号,|''nengō'',|lit. "year name"}} after ''[[Tenpyō-jingo]]'' and before ''[[Hōki]].''  This period spanned the years from August 767 through October 770.<ref>Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2005). "''Jingo-keiun''" in [https://books.google.com/books?id=p2QnPijAEmEC&pg=PA422&dq=  ''Japan encyclopedia'', p. 422;] n.b., Louis-Frédéric is pseudonym of Louis-Frédéric Nussbaum, ''see'' [http://dispatch.opac.ddb.de/DB=4.1/PPN?PPN=128842709 Deutsche Nationalbibliothek Authority File] {{webarchive|url=https://archive.is/20120524174828/http://dispatch.opac.ddb.de/DB=4.1/PPN?PPN=128842709 |date=2012-05-24 }}.</ref> The reigning empress was {{nihongo|[[Empress Shōtoku]]''-tennō''|称徳天皇}}. This was the same woman who had reigned previously as the former {{nihongo|[[Empress Kōken|Kōken]]''-tennō''|孝謙天皇}}.<ref>Titsingh, Isaac. (1834). [https://books.google.com/books?id=18oNAAAAIAAJ&pg=PP9&dq=nipon+o+dai+itsi+ran#PRA1-PA78,M1  ''Annales des empereurs du Japon'', pp. 78-81;] Brown, Delmer ''et al.'' (1979). ''Gukanshō'', pp. 274-276; Varley, H. Paul. (1980). ''Jinnō Shōtōki.'' p. 143-147.</ref>
+{{nihongo|'''Jingo-keiun'''|神護景雲}} was a {{nihongo|[[Japanese era name]]|年号,|''nengō''|"year name"}} after ''[[Tenpyō-jingo]]'' and before ''[[Hōki]].''  This period spanned the years from August 767 through October 770.<ref>Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2005). "''Jingo-keiun''" in [https://books.google.com/books?id=p2QnPijAEmEC&pg=PA422&dq=  ''Japan encyclopedia'', p. 422;] n.b., Louis-Frédéric is pseudonym of Louis-Frédéric Nussbaum, ''see'' [http://dispatch.opac.ddb.de/DB=4.1/PPN?PPN=128842709 Deutsche Nationalbibliothek Authority File] {{webarchive|url=https://archive.is/20120524174828/http://dispatch.opac.ddb.de/DB=4.1/PPN?PPN=128842709 |date=2012-05-24 }}.</ref> The reigning empress was {{nihongo|[[Empress Shōtoku]]''-tennō''|称徳天皇}}. This was the same woman who had reigned previously as the former {{nihongo|[[Empress Kōken|Kōken]]''-tennō''|孝謙天皇}}.<ref>Titsingh, Isaac. (1834). [https://books.google.com/books?id=18oNAAAAIAAJ&pg=PP9&dq=nipon+o+dai+itsi+ran#PRA1-PA78,M1  ''Annales des empereurs du Japon'', pp. 78-81;] Brown, Delmer ''et al.'' (1979). ''Gukanshō'', pp. 274-276; Varley, H. Paul. (1980). ''Jinnō Shōtōki.'' p. 143-147.</ref>
 ==Change of era==