Jumping jack (toy): Difference between revisions
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{{Other uses|Jumping jack (disambiguation)}} |
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[[Image:Comic History of Rome p 014 Initial R.jpg|thumb|100px|A jumping-jack toy]] |
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[[File:1818-English-Ladies-Dandy-Toy-IR-Cruikshank.jpg|thumb|A [[dandy]] jumping jack toy]] |
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The '''jumping jack''' is a [[toy]] whose origins date back thousands of years.{{Citation needed|date=October 2016}} The jointed jumping jack figure is a cross between a [[puppet]] and a [[paper doll]]. The figures are generally made from wood and their limbs are [[joint]]ed and tied to a [[pull string]]. When the string is pulled and released, the arms and legs move up and down. |
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==History== |
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Although the jumping jack is popularly thought of as a European toy, ivory dancer figures made to spin by pulling their strings, which were found at the archaeological site El Lisht and date back to [[ancient Egypt]]ian times, are considered to be among the earliest forms of this family of mechanical toys.{{Citation needed|date=October 2016}} |
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In the mid-1700s, jumping jack figures known as “''pantins''” were popular among the French nobility.{{Citation needed|date=October 2016}} |
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In 1832 the ''Hampelmann'' was created by Carl Malss as a figure for the burlesque at [[Frankfurt am Main]]. Later the jumping jack toy became known as ''Hampelmann'' in [[German language|German]]-speaking countries. They were manufactured in the [[Erzgebirge]] mountain range in [[Germany]].<ref>''Dtv-lexikon'', Deutscher Taschenbuch Verlag, Munich, 1971, vol. 8, p. 169</ref> |
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In 1926, in her first year as a student at the famous [[Bauhaus]] design school in [[Dessau]], Germany, the textile designer [[Margaretha Reichardt]] undertook a preliminary course run by [[Josef Albers]] and [[László Moholy-Nagy]].<ref>Bauhaus100. ''Preliminary course''. Available at: https://www.bauhaus100.de/en/past/teaching/classes/preliminary-course-by-josef-albers/ (Accessed: 30 October 2016)</ref> As part of the course she designed a modern version of the ''Hampelmann'', which was later produced commercially by Naef, a Swiss toy company. Her version is set in a wooden frame, but like traditional ''Hampelmänner'' he has articulated limbs that move when a string is pulled.<ref name=MR8>Jumping jack Bauhaus. http://shop.naefspiele.ch/classic/bauhaus-hampelmann.html?___store=ch_en&___from_store=ch_de (Accessed: 11 November 2016)</ref> |
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==Quocker-wodger== |
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[[Michael Quinion]] of World Wide Words has written an article about the word ''quocker-wodger'', defined as "a wooden puppet on a string".<ref>Quinion, M. ''World wide words: Quocker-wodger''. Available at: http://www.worldwidewords.org/weirdwords/ww-quo2.htm (Accessed: 30 October 2016)</ref> |
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==External links== |
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* [http://www.reshafim.org.il/ad/egypt/timelines/topics/games.htm Ancient Egyptian games: Children's games, toys, board games] |
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* [http://www.opdag.com/History.html History of Paper Dolls] |
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{{Commons category|Jumping jack (toy)|Jumping jack}} |
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{{Wiktionary|jumping-jack}} |
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== References == |
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{{reflist}} |
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Jumping Jack (Toy}} |
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[[Category:Traditional toys]] |
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[[Category:Wooden toys]] |
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{{puppet-stub}} |
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