Northern Athabaskan languages: Difference between revisions
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==Southern Alaskan== |
==Southern Alaskan== |
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: 1. '''[[Ahtna language|Ahtna]]''' ( |
: 1. '''[[Ahtna language|Ahtna]]''' (also known as Atna, Ahtena, Copper River) |
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::* Central Copper River Ahtna</small> |
::* Central Copper River Ahtna</small> |
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::* Lower Copper River Ahtna</small> |
::* Lower Copper River Ahtna</small> |
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::* Mentasta ( |
::* Mentasta (also known as Upper Ahtna)</small> |
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::* Western Ahtna</small> |
::* Western Ahtna</small> |
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: 2. '''[[Dena'ina language|Dena’ina]]''' ( |
: 2. '''[[Dena'ina language|Dena’ina]]''' (also known as Tanaina) |
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::* Lower Inlet Dena’ina</small> |
::* Lower Inlet Dena’ina</small> |
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::: '''-''' Outer Inlet</small> |
::: '''-''' Outer Inlet</small> |
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A. Koyukon |
A. Koyukon |
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: 3. '''[[Deg Xinag]]''' ( |
: 3. '''[[Deg Xinag]]''' (also known as Deg Hit'an, Kaiyuhkhotana, Ingalik) |
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::* Lower Yukon River</small> |
::* Lower Yukon River</small> |
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::* Middle Kuskokwin</small> |
::* Middle Kuskokwin</small> |
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: 4. '''[[Holikachuk language|Holikachuk]]''' ( |
: 4. '''[[Holikachuk language|Holikachuk]]''' (also known as Innoko, Innoka-khotana, Tlëgon-khotana) |
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: 5. '''[[Koyukon language|Koyukon]]''' ( |
: 5. '''[[Koyukon language|Koyukon]]''' (also known as Ten’a, Co-Youkon, Co-yukon) |
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::* Lower Koyukon ( |
::* Lower Koyukon (also known as Lower Yukon Koyukon)</small> |
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::* Central Koyukon ( |
::* Central Koyukon (also known as Dinaakkanaaga Ts’inh Huyoza, Koyukuk River Koyukon)</small> |
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::* Upper Koyukon ( |
::* Upper Koyukon (also known as Upper Yukon Koyukon)</small> |
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B. Tanana–Tutchone |
B. Tanana–Tutchone |
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: 6. '''[[Upper Kuskokwim language|Upper Kuskokwim]]''' ( |
: 6. '''[[Upper Kuskokwim language|Upper Kuskokwim]]''' (also known as Kolchan, Goltsan) |
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: I. [[Tanana languages|Tanana]] |
: I. [[Tanana languages|Tanana]] |
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:: 7. '''[[Lower Tanana language|Lower Tanana]]''' ( |
:: 7. '''[[Lower Tanana language|Lower Tanana]]''' (also known as Tanana, Minto, Dandey in, Dineh su, Tananatana) |
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:::* Minto-Tolovana-Toklat-Nenana-Wood River</small> |
:::* Minto-Tolovana-Toklat-Nenana-Wood River</small> |
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:::: '''-''' Minto-Tolovana</small> |
:::: '''-''' Minto-Tolovana</small> |
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:::* Chena</small> |
:::* Chena</small> |
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:::* Salcha-Goodpastor</small> |
:::* Salcha-Goodpastor</small> |
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:: 8. '''[[Tanacross language|Tanacross]]''' ( |
:: 8. '''[[Tanacross language|Tanacross]]''' (also known as Tanana, Dandey in, Dineh su, Tananatana) |
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:: 9. '''[[Upper Tanana language|Upper Tanana]]''' ( |
:: 9. '''[[Upper Tanana language|Upper Tanana]]''' (also known as Tanana, Dandey in, Dineh su, Tananatana) |
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:::* Nabesna</small> |
:::* Nabesna</small> |
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:::* Tetlin</small> |
:::* Tetlin</small> |
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:::* Scottie Creek</small> |
:::* Scottie Creek</small> |
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:::* Canadian Upper Tanana</small> |
:::* Canadian Upper Tanana</small> |
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: II. '''[[Tutchone language|Tutchone]]''' ( |
: II. '''[[Tutchone language|Tutchone]]''' (also known as Gens de Bois, Gunana, Nahane, Nahani, Tutchonekutchin) |
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:: 10. Southern Tutchone (sometimes considered to be just a dialect) |
:: 10. Southern Tutchone (sometimes considered to be just a dialect) |
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:: 11. Northern Tutchone ( |
:: 11. Northern Tutchone (also known as Mayo) (sometimes considered to be just a dialect) |
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C. Kutchin–Han |
C. Kutchin–Han |
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: 12. '''[[Gwich’in language|Gwich’in]]''' ( |
: 12. '''[[Gwich’in language|Gwich’in]]''' (also known as Gwitch’in, Kutchin, Kootchin, Loucheux, Loucheaux, Takudh, Tukudh, "Quarrelers") |
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::* Alaskan Gwich’in ( |
::* Alaskan Gwich’in (also known as Western Gwich’in)</small> |
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::* Canadian Gwich’in ( |
::* Canadian Gwich’in (also known as Eastern Gwich’in)</small> |
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: 13. '''[[Hän language|Hän]]''' ( |
: 13. '''[[Hän language|Hän]]''' (also known as Han, Moosehide, Dawson, Gens du Fou, Han Gwich-in, Han-Kootchin, Hankutchin) |
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==Northwestern Canada== |
==Northwestern Canada== |
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A. Cordillera |
A. Cordillera |
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: I. Central Cordillera ( |
: I. Central Cordillera (also known as Tahltan-Tagish-Kaska) |
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:: 14. '''[[Tagish language|Tagish]]''' ( |
:: 14. '''[[Tagish language|Tagish]]''' (also known as Gunana, Nahane, Nahani, Si-him-E-na, "Stick Indians", Tagisch, Tahgish, Tahkeesh, Tahk-heesh) |
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:: 15. '''[[Tahltan language|Tahltan]]''' ( |
:: 15. '''[[Tahltan language|Tahltan]]''' (also known as Nahanni, Keyehotine, Nahane, Nahani, Tahl-tan, Tatltan, Ticaxhanoten, Toltan) |
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:: 16. '''[[Kaska language|Kaska]]''' ( |
:: 16. '''[[Kaska language|Kaska]]''' (also known as Nahanni, Nahane, Nahani, Cassiar) |
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: II. Southeastern Cordillera |
: II. Southeastern Cordillera |
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:: 17. '''[[Sekani language|Sekani]]''' |
:: 17. '''[[Sekani language|Sekani]]''' |
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:: 18. '''[[Danezaa language|Danezaa]]''' ( |
:: 18. '''[[Danezaa language|Danezaa]]''' (also known as Beaver, Tsattine, Dunne-za, Deneza, Gens de Castor) |
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B. Mackenzie |
B. Mackenzie |
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: I. '''[[Slavey language|Slavey–Hare]]''' ( |
: I. '''[[Slavey language|Slavey–Hare]]''' (v Slave) |
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:: 19. Slavey ( |
:: 19. Slavey (also known as Slavey proper, South Slavey, Southern Slavey, Dene Tha, Esclave, Nahane, Nahani, Slave) |
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:: 20. Mountain ( |
:: 20. Mountain (also known as Montagnards, Nahane, Nahani, Sih gotine, Sihta gotine) |
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:: 21. Bearlake ( |
:: 21. Bearlake (also known as Satudine, Sahtu gotine, Bear Lake) |
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:: 22. Hare ( |
:: 22. Hare (also known as Kawchottine, Ka so gotine, Kancho, Kawchodinneh, Rabbitskins, Ta-na-tin-ne) |
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: 23. '''[[Dogrib language|Dogrib]]''' ( |
: 23. '''[[Dogrib language|Dogrib]]''' (also known as Tli Cho, Tłįchǫ or Thlingchadine) |
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C. Chipewyan |
C. Chipewyan |
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: 24. '''[[Dene Suline language|Dene Suline]]''' ( |
: 24. '''[[Dene Suline language|Dene Suline]]''' (also known as Chipewyan, Dëne Sųłiné, Dene, Yellowknife, Montagnais, "Northern Indians", Copper Indians, Coppermine Indians, Mithcocoman, Red Knife, T’atsan ottine, Tatsotine, Yellow Knife) |
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==Tsetsaut== |
==Tsetsaut== |
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: 25. '''[[Tsetsaut language|Tsetsaut]]''' ( |
: 25. '''[[Tsetsaut language|Tsetsaut]]''' (also known as Ts’ets’aut, Nahane, Nahani, Portland Canal, Wetalth) |
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==Central British Columbia== |
==Central British Columbia== |
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: 26. '''[[Babine-Witsuwit'en]]''' ( |
: 26. '''[[Babine-Witsuwit'en]]''' (also known as North Carrier, Babine Carrier, Northern Carrier, Bulkley Valley, Lakes District, Western Carrier) |
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::* <small>Babine ( |
::* <small>Babine (also known as Nadot’en, Nedut’en, Nat’oot’en)</small> |
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::* <small>Takla</small> |
::* <small>Takla</small> |
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::* <small>[[Witsuwit'en|Witsuwit’en]] ( |
::* <small>[[Witsuwit'en|Witsuwit’en]] (also known as Wetsuwet’en, Wets’uwet’en, Wet’suwet’en)</small> |
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::* <small>Moricetown</small> |
::* <small>Moricetown</small> |
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::* <small>Francois Lake</small> |
::* <small>Francois Lake</small> |
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: 27. '''[[Carrier language|Dakelh]]''' ( |
: 27. '''[[Carrier language|Dakelh]]''' (also known as Carrier, Dakelhne, Takelne, Takulli, Taculli, Takulie, Porteur, Nagailer) |
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::* <small>Central Carrier ( |
::* <small>Central Carrier (also known as Upper Carrier)</small> |
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::* <small>Southern Carrier ( |
::* <small>Southern Carrier (also known as Lower Carrier)</small> |
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: 28. '''[[Chilcotin language|Chilcotin]]''' ( |
: 28. '''[[Chilcotin language|Chilcotin]]''' (also known as Tsilhqot’in, Tinneh, Chilkhodins, Tsilkotin) |
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: 29. '''[[Nicola language|Nicola]]''' ( |
: 29. '''[[Nicola language|Nicola]]''' (also known as [[Stuwix]], Nicola-Similkameen) (extinct) |
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==Sarsi== |
==Sarsi== |
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: 30. '''[[Tsuut’ina language|Sarsi]]''' ( |
: 30. '''[[Tsuut’ina language|Sarsi]]''' (also known as Sarcee, Tsuu T’ina, or Tsuut’ina) |
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==Kwalhioqua–Tlatskanai== |
==Kwalhioqua–Tlatskanai== |
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: 31. '''[[Kwalhioqua-Clatskanie language|Kwalhioqua-Clatskanie]]''' ( |
: 31. '''[[Kwalhioqua-Clatskanie language|Kwalhioqua-Clatskanie]]''' (also known as Kwalhioqua-Tlatskanie) |
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::* <small>Willapa ( |
::* <small>Willapa (also known as Willoopah)</small> |
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::* <small>Suwal-Clatskanie</small> |
::* <small>Suwal-Clatskanie</small> |
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::: '''-''' <small>Suwal</small> |
::: '''-''' <small>Suwal</small> |
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::: '''-''' <small>Clatskanie ( |
::: '''-''' <small>Clatskanie (also known as Tlatskanie)</small> |
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==References== |
==References== |
Revision as of 01:49, 26 April 2017
This article may need to be rewritten to comply with Wikipedia's quality standards. (March 2011) |
Northern Athabaskan | |
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Ethnicity | Dene |
Geographic distribution | Alaska, Yukon |
Linguistic classification | Dené–Yeniseian?
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Language codes | |
Glottolog | nort2940 |
Northern Athabaskan is a geographic sub-grouping of the Athabaskan language family spoken by indigenous peoples in the northern part of North America, particularly in Alaska (Alaskan Athabaskans), the Yukon and the Northwest Territories. The Northern Athabaskan languages consist of 31 languages that can be divided into seven geographic subgroups.
Southern Alaskan
- 1. Ahtna (also known as Atna, Ahtena, Copper River)
- Central Copper River Ahtna
- Lower Copper River Ahtna
- Mentasta (also known as Upper Ahtna)
- Western Ahtna
- 2. Dena’ina (also known as Tanaina)
- Lower Inlet Dena’ina
- - Outer Inlet
- - Iliamna
- - Inland
- Upper Inlet Dena’ina
Central Alaska–Yukon
A. Koyukon
- 3. Deg Xinag (also known as Deg Hit'an, Kaiyuhkhotana, Ingalik)
- Lower Yukon River
- Middle Kuskokwin
- 4. Holikachuk (also known as Innoko, Innoka-khotana, Tlëgon-khotana)
- 5. Koyukon (also known as Ten’a, Co-Youkon, Co-yukon)
- Lower Koyukon (also known as Lower Yukon Koyukon)
- Central Koyukon (also known as Dinaakkanaaga Ts’inh Huyoza, Koyukuk River Koyukon)
- Upper Koyukon (also known as Upper Yukon Koyukon)
B. Tanana–Tutchone
- 6. Upper Kuskokwim (also known as Kolchan, Goltsan)
- I. Tanana
- 7. Lower Tanana (also known as Tanana, Minto, Dandey in, Dineh su, Tananatana)
- Minto-Tolovana-Toklat-Nenana-Wood River
- - Minto-Tolovana
- - Toklat
- - Nenana
- - Wood River
- Chena
- Salcha-Goodpastor
- 8. Tanacross (also known as Tanana, Dandey in, Dineh su, Tananatana)
- 9. Upper Tanana (also known as Tanana, Dandey in, Dineh su, Tananatana)
- Nabesna
- Tetlin
- Northway
- Scottie Creek
- Canadian Upper Tanana
- 7. Lower Tanana (also known as Tanana, Minto, Dandey in, Dineh su, Tananatana)
- II. Tutchone (also known as Gens de Bois, Gunana, Nahane, Nahani, Tutchonekutchin)
- 10. Southern Tutchone (sometimes considered to be just a dialect)
- 11. Northern Tutchone (also known as Mayo) (sometimes considered to be just a dialect)
C. Kutchin–Han
- 12. Gwich’in (also known as Gwitch’in, Kutchin, Kootchin, Loucheux, Loucheaux, Takudh, Tukudh, "Quarrelers")
- Alaskan Gwich’in (also known as Western Gwich’in)
- Canadian Gwich’in (also known as Eastern Gwich’in)
- 13. Hän (also known as Han, Moosehide, Dawson, Gens du Fou, Han Gwich-in, Han-Kootchin, Hankutchin)
Northwestern Canada
A. Cordillera
- I. Central Cordillera (also known as Tahltan-Tagish-Kaska)
- II. Southeastern Cordillera
B. Mackenzie
- I. Slavey–Hare (v Slave)
- 19. Slavey (also known as Slavey proper, South Slavey, Southern Slavey, Dene Tha, Esclave, Nahane, Nahani, Slave)
- 20. Mountain (also known as Montagnards, Nahane, Nahani, Sih gotine, Sihta gotine)
- 21. Bearlake (also known as Satudine, Sahtu gotine, Bear Lake)
- 22. Hare (also known as Kawchottine, Ka so gotine, Kancho, Kawchodinneh, Rabbitskins, Ta-na-tin-ne)
- 23. Dogrib (also known as Tli Cho, Tłįchǫ or Thlingchadine)
C. Chipewyan
- 24. Dene Suline (also known as Chipewyan, Dëne Sųłiné, Dene, Yellowknife, Montagnais, "Northern Indians", Copper Indians, Coppermine Indians, Mithcocoman, Red Knife, T’atsan ottine, Tatsotine, Yellow Knife)
Tsetsaut
- 25. Tsetsaut (also known as Ts’ets’aut, Nahane, Nahani, Portland Canal, Wetalth)
Central British Columbia
- 26. Babine-Witsuwit'en (also known as North Carrier, Babine Carrier, Northern Carrier, Bulkley Valley, Lakes District, Western Carrier)
- Babine (also known as Nadot’en, Nedut’en, Nat’oot’en)
- Takla
- Witsuwit’en (also known as Wetsuwet’en, Wets’uwet’en, Wet’suwet’en)
- Moricetown
- Francois Lake
- 27. Dakelh (also known as Carrier, Dakelhne, Takelne, Takulli, Taculli, Takulie, Porteur, Nagailer)
- Central Carrier (also known as Upper Carrier)
- Southern Carrier (also known as Lower Carrier)
- 28. Chilcotin (also known as Tsilhqot’in, Tinneh, Chilkhodins, Tsilkotin)
- 29. Nicola (also known as Stuwix, Nicola-Similkameen) (extinct)
Sarsi
- 30. Sarsi (also known as Sarcee, Tsuu T’ina, or Tsuut’ina)
Kwalhioqua–Tlatskanai
- 31. Kwalhioqua-Clatskanie (also known as Kwalhioqua-Tlatskanie)
- Willapa (also known as Willoopah)
- Suwal-Clatskanie
- - Suwal
- - Clatskanie (also known as Tlatskanie)