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'''Trzebinia''' {{IPAc-pl|t|sz|e|'|b|J|i|ń|a}} is a town in [[Chrzanów County]], [[Lesser Poland]], [[Poland]] with an [[Orlen]] oil refinery and a major rail junction of the [[Kraków]] - [[Katowice]] line, with connections to [[Oświęcim]] and [[Spytkowice]]. The town became part of [[Lesser Poland Voivodeship]] after being part of [[Katowice Voivodeship]] (1975–1998). With population of 20,175 (Dec. 31, 2010), Trzebinia is an important industrial center.
'''Trzebinia''' {{IPAc-pl|t|sz|e|'|b|J|i|ń|a}} is a town in [[Chrzanów County]], [[Lesser Poland]], [[Poland]] with an [[Orlen]] oil refinery and a major rail junction of the [[Kraków]] - [[Katowice]] line, with connections to [[Oświęcim]] and [[Spytkowice]]. The town became part of [[Lesser Poland Voivodeship]] after being part of [[Katowice Voivodeship]] (1975–1998). With population of 20,175 (Dec. 31, 2010), Trzebinia is an important industrial center. The town lies in the [[Kraków-Częstochowa Upland]], 269 to 407 meters above sea level. Trzebinia is a rail and road hub, and lies at a junction of the [[A4 autostrada (Poland)|A4 Motorway]] and National Road Nr. 79. The distance to [[John Paul II International Airport Kraków-Balice]] is 30 kilometers.

The town lies in the [[Krakow-Czestochowa Upland]], 269 to 407 meters above sea level. Trzebinia is a rail hub, and lies at a junction of the [[A4 autostrada (Poland)|A4 Motorway]] and National Road Nr. 79. The distance to [[John Paul II International Airport Krakow-Balice]] is 30 kilometers.


==History==
==History==
History of Trzebinia dates back to the Middle Ages. In 1325, the settlement already had a church, which was mentioned in 1470 by [[Jan Dlugosz]]. Until early 15th century, Trzebinia was a royal village, then it passed into the hands of local noble families. At that time, zinc and lead deposits were discovered here. Trzebinia, however, still remained a village, or rather a mining settlement, which from 1569 until 1802 belonged to the Schilhra Trzebinski family, [[Abdank coat of arms]]. Until the [[Partitions of Poland]] Trzebinia belonged to [[Krakow Voivodeship]]. In 1772 it was annexed by the [[Austrian Empire]], as part of [[Galicia (Eastern Europe)|Galicia]], where it remained until late autumn of 1918 (also, from 1815 to 1846, Trzebinia was part of [[Free City of Kraków]]).
History of Trzebinia dates back to the late [[Middle Ages]]. In 1325, the settlement already had a church, which was mentioned in 1470 by [[Jan Długosz]]. Until early 15th century, Trzebinia was a royal village, then it passed into the hands of local [[szlachta|noble]] families. At that time, zinc and lead deposits were discovered here. Trzebinia, however, still remained a village, or rather a mining settlement, which from 1569 until 1802 belonged to the Schilhra Trzebiński family, [[Abdank coat of arms]]. Until the [[Partitions of Poland]] Trzebinia belonged to [[Kraków Voivodeship]]. In 1772 it was annexed by the [[Austrian Empire]], as part of [[Galicia (Eastern Europe)|Galicia]], where it remained until late autumn of 1918 (also, in 1815 - 1846, Trzebinia was part of the [[Free City of Kraków]]). In the 19th century the area of Trzebinia went through the period of [[industrialization]]. In 1804-1843, five coal mines, two zinc mills and a glass factory were opened here. On September 6, 1817, the village received its town charter, and in the second half of the 19th century, further coal mines were opened here, as well as a [[Calamine (mineral)|calamine]] mine. In the early 20th century, Trzebinia had oil refinery, power plant, and cement mill. In 1903, the [[Salvatorian]]s settled here, who in 1908 began construction of a church.


⚫
On September 1, 1939, Trzebinia was bombed by the [[Luftwaffe]]. On October 9, 1939, it was directly annexed into the [[Third Reich]]; the border with the [[General Government]] was a few kilometers east, near [[Dulowa]]. On 5 September 1939 during the German [[Invasion of Poland]], Wehrmacht soldiers mass murdered 97 people in the town.<ref>{{cite book |last=Datner |first=Szymon |year= |title=55 Dni Wehrmachtu w Polsce |page=239}} {{pl icon}}</ref> In August 1944, the [[Germany|German]] Trzebinia subcamp was one of the largest of the [[Auschwitz]] III-[[Monowitz concentration camp]] and provided [[forced labor]] for a nearby [[Oświęcim|oil refinery]].<ref name="saalbau.com">{{cite web | url=http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&sl=de&u=http://saalbau.com/auschwitz-prozess/tatort-auschwitz/lagerkomplex/zeittafel/&ei=NkbpSaOBHcmrtgeDo4ibBg&sa=X&oi=translate&resnum=2&ct=result&prev=/search%3Fq%3DDas%2BNebenlager%2BBlechhammer%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DN%26start%3D10 | title=The sub-camp Trzebinia (oil refinery). Des Nebenlagers Trzebinia (Erdöl-Raffinerie). | publisher=''Der Auschwitz - Prozess'' | work=Chronology: August 1944 | accessdate=August 27, 2012 | format=Google translate}}</ref> On September 7, 1944, the refinery at Trzebinia was bombed by Allied airforce, and on January 23, 1945, the Germans retreated.
In the 19th century the area of Trzebinia went through the period of [[industrialization]]. In 1804-1843, five coal mines, two zinc mills and a glass factory were opened here. On September 6, 1817, the village received its town charter, and in the second half of the 19th century, further coal mines were opened here, as well as a [[Calamine (mineral)|calamine]] mine. In the early 20th century, Trzebinia had oil refinery, power plant, and cement mill. In 1903, [[Salvatorian]]s settled here, who in 1908 began construction of a church.


⚫
Until 1975, the town remained in Kraków Voivodeship. In 1961, the settlement of Wodna was incorporated into Trzebinia, and in 1969, after joining with the settlement of Siersza, the town was named Trzebinia-Siersza. In 1977, the name was changed to Trzebinia.
On September 1, 1939, Trzebinia was bombed by the [[Luftwaffe]]. On October 9, 1939, it was directly annexed into the [[Third Reich]]; the border with [[General Government]] was a few kilometers east, near [[Dulowa]].


⚫
==Economy==
⚫
On 5 September 1939 during the German [[Invasion of Poland]], Wehrmacht soldiers mass murdered 97 people in the town.<ref>{{cite book |last=Datner |first=Szymon |year= |title=55 Dni Wehrmachtu w Polsce |page=239}} {{pl icon}}</ref> In August 1944, the [[Germany|German]] Trzebinia subcamp was one of the largest of the [[Auschwitz]] III-[[Monowitz concentration camp]] and provided [[forced labor]] for a nearby [[Oświęcim|oil refinery]].<ref name="saalbau.com">{{cite web | url=http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&sl=de&u=http://saalbau.com/auschwitz-prozess/tatort-auschwitz/lagerkomplex/zeittafel/&ei=NkbpSaOBHcmrtgeDo4ibBg&sa=X&oi=translate&resnum=2&ct=result&prev=/search%3Fq%3DDas%2BNebenlager%2BBlechhammer%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DN%26start%3D10 | title=The sub-camp Trzebinia (oil refinery). Des Nebenlagers Trzebinia (Erdöl-Raffinerie). | publisher=''Der Auschwitz - Prozess'' | work=Chronology: August 1944 | accessdate=August 27, 2012 | format=Google translate}}</ref> On September 7, 1944, the refinery at Trzebinia was bombed by Allied airforce, and on January 23, 1945, the Germans retreated.
⚫
Trzebina is home to the [[Siersza Power Station]] and a large oil refinery, ''Rafineria Trzebinia'', which belongs to [[PKN Orlen]]. In 1957-1958 Mining Company Trzebionka was founded, and in 1962, Siersza II Power Plant began operating.


==Sports==
⚫
Until 1975, the town remained in Krakow Voivodeship. In 1961, the settlement of Wodna was incorporated into Trzebinia, and in 1969, after joining with the settlement of Siersza, the town was named Trzebinia-Siersza. In 1977, the name was changed to Trzebinia.
The town is home to sports club Miejski Klub Sportowy Trzebinia–Siersza, founded in 2000.

⚫
==Economy==
⚫
Trzebina is home to the [[Siersza Power Station]]. In 1957-1958 Mining Company Trzebionka was founded, and in 1962, Siersza II Power Plant began operating.


==Notable people from Trzebinia==
==Notable people from Trzebinia==
Line 74: Line 71:
[[Category:Nazi war crimes in Poland]]
[[Category:Nazi war crimes in Poland]]
[[Category:Nazi concentration camps in Poland]]
[[Category:Nazi concentration camps in Poland]]

{{Chrzanów-geo-stub}}


[[ar:ترزبينيا]]
[[ar:ترزبينيا]]

Revision as of 04:44, 21 October 2012

Not to be confused with Trzebinia, Silesian Voivodeship.
Trzebinia
Zieleniewski's Manor
Zieleniewski's Manor
Flag of Trzebinia
Flag
Coat of arms of Trzebinia
Coat of arms
Country Poland
VoivodeshipLesser Poland
CountyChrzanów
GminaTrzebinia
Government
 • MayorAdam Adamczyk
Area
 • Total
31.3 km2 (12.1 sq mi)
Population
 (2006)
 • Total
18,769
 • Density600/km2 (1,600/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+1 (CET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+2 (CEST)
Postal code
32-540
Car platesKCH
WebsiteTown guidebook

Trzebinia [tʂɛˈbʲiɲa] is a town in Chrzanów County, Lesser Poland, Poland with an Orlen oil refinery and a major rail junction of the Kraków - Katowice line, with connections to Oświęcim and Spytkowice. The town became part of Lesser Poland Voivodeship after being part of Katowice Voivodeship (1975–1998). With population of 20,175 (Dec. 31, 2010), Trzebinia is an important industrial center. The town lies in the Kraków-Częstochowa Upland, 269 to 407 meters above sea level. Trzebinia is a rail and road hub, and lies at a junction of the A4 Motorway and National Road Nr. 79. The distance to John Paul II International Airport Kraków-Balice is 30 kilometers.

History

History of Trzebinia dates back to the late Middle Ages. In 1325, the settlement already had a church, which was mentioned in 1470 by Jan Długosz. Until early 15th century, Trzebinia was a royal village, then it passed into the hands of local noble families. At that time, zinc and lead deposits were discovered here. Trzebinia, however, still remained a village, or rather a mining settlement, which from 1569 until 1802 belonged to the Schilhra Trzebiński family, Abdank coat of arms. Until the Partitions of Poland Trzebinia belonged to Kraków Voivodeship. In 1772 it was annexed by the Austrian Empire, as part of Galicia, where it remained until late autumn of 1918 (also, in 1815 - 1846, Trzebinia was part of the Free City of Kraków). In the 19th century the area of Trzebinia went through the period of industrialization. In 1804-1843, five coal mines, two zinc mills and a glass factory were opened here. On September 6, 1817, the village received its town charter, and in the second half of the 19th century, further coal mines were opened here, as well as a calamine mine. In the early 20th century, Trzebinia had oil refinery, power plant, and cement mill. In 1903, the Salvatorians settled here, who in 1908 began construction of a church.

On September 1, 1939, Trzebinia was bombed by the Luftwaffe. On October 9, 1939, it was directly annexed into the Third Reich; the border with the General Government was a few kilometers east, near Dulowa. On 5 September 1939 during the German Invasion of Poland, Wehrmacht soldiers mass murdered 97 people in the town.[1] In August 1944, the German Trzebinia subcamp was one of the largest of the Auschwitz III-Monowitz concentration camp and provided forced labor for a nearby oil refinery.[2] On September 7, 1944, the refinery at Trzebinia was bombed by Allied airforce, and on January 23, 1945, the Germans retreated.

Until 1975, the town remained in Kraków Voivodeship. In 1961, the settlement of Wodna was incorporated into Trzebinia, and in 1969, after joining with the settlement of Siersza, the town was named Trzebinia-Siersza. In 1977, the name was changed to Trzebinia.

Economy

Trzebina is home to the Siersza Power Station and a large oil refinery, Rafineria Trzebinia, which belongs to PKN Orlen. In 1957-1958 Mining Company Trzebionka was founded, and in 1962, Siersza II Power Plant began operating.

Sports

The town is home to sports club Miejski Klub Sportowy Trzebinia–Siersza, founded in 2000.

Notable people from Trzebinia

Notes

  1. ^ Datner, Szymon. 55 Dni Wehrmachtu w Polsce. p. 239. Template:Pl icon
  2. ^ "The sub-camp Trzebinia (oil refinery). Des Nebenlagers Trzebinia (Erdöl-Raffinerie)" (Google translate). Chronology: August 1944. Der Auschwitz - Prozess. Retrieved August 27, 2012. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)

Media related to Trzebinia at Wikimedia Commons

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