Stichting Oud Politieke Delinquenten: Difference between revisions
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==Foundation and dissolution== |
==Foundation and dissolution== |
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The SOPD was founded in 1951 by Jan Hartman, formerly of the [[National Socialist Movement in the Netherlands|NSB]],<ref name="Roos2010">{{cite book|last1=Roos|first1=Jan de|last2=Roos-Van Rooden|first2=Thea|title=Moed en overmoed: een biografie van burgemeester Dirk Frans Pont|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=NIzv8VukcxkC&pg=PA193|accessdate=1 May 2012|year=2010|publisher=Uitgeverij Verloren|isbn=9789087041847|pages=193 n.14}}</ref> the fascist party that allied itself with the German Nazi movement after the [[History of the Netherlands (1939–1945)|occupation of the Netherlands]] in 1939. Hartman became the organization's secretary. A co-founder was the lawyer [[Jan Wolthuis]], another former NSB member who had been a "peace judge" during the German occupation,<ref name="Roos2010"/> essentially a political office meant to render [[Anton Mussert]] immune from prosecution.<ref>{{cite book|last=Geus|first=Machteld de|editor=G. Aalders|title=Oorlogsdocumentatie '40-'45: zesde jaarboek van het Rijksinstituut voor Oorlogsdocumentatie|year=1995|publisher=Walburg|location=Zutphen|isbn=9789056120078|pages=48–86|chapter=Vrederechtspraak in Nederland}}</ref> |
The SOPD was founded in 1951 by [[Jan Hartman]], formerly of the [[National Socialist Movement in the Netherlands|NSB]],<ref name="Roos2010">{{cite book|last1=Roos|first1=Jan de|last2=Roos-Van Rooden|first2=Thea|title=Moed en overmoed: een biografie van burgemeester Dirk Frans Pont|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=NIzv8VukcxkC&pg=PA193|accessdate=1 May 2012|year=2010|publisher=Uitgeverij Verloren|isbn=9789087041847|pages=193 n.14}}</ref> the fascist party that allied itself with the German Nazi movement after the [[History of the Netherlands (1939–1945)|occupation of the Netherlands]] in 1939. Hartman became the organization's secretary. A co-founder was the lawyer [[Jan Wolthuis]], another former NSB member who had been a "peace judge" during the German occupation,<ref name="Roos2010"/> essentially a political office meant to render [[Anton Mussert]] immune from prosecution.<ref>{{cite book|last=Geus|first=Machteld de|editor=G. Aalders|title=Oorlogsdocumentatie '40-'45: zesde jaarboek van het Rijksinstituut voor Oorlogsdocumentatie|year=1995|publisher=Walburg|location=Zutphen|isbn=9789056120078|pages=48–86|chapter=Vrederechtspraak in Nederland}}</ref> |
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The organization was "tolerated" by the Dutch government, but a political party, founded by SOPD member [[Paul van Tienen]], was not. Van Tienen, an associate of Swedish fascist [[Per Engdahl]], had founded a Dutch chapter of Engdahl's [[European Social Movement]], the ''Werkgemeenschap Europa in de Lage Landen'' ("Working Community Europe in the Low Countries") in 1951. He merged this group with the SOPD to form "the first post-war extreme-right party in the Netherlands", the [[National European Social Movement|Nationaal Europese Sociale Beweging]] ("National European Social Movement").<ref name="Mudde2003">{{cite book|last=Mudde|first=Cas|title=The Ideology of the Extreme Right|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=spT-NgRm3f8C&pg=PA117|accessdate=1 May 2012|date=2003-02-22|publisher=Manchester UP|isbn=9780719064463|pages=117–18}}</ref> The party had numbered between 100 and 400 members, all "old comrades", and was banned by the [[Supreme Court of the Netherlands]] on the basis of a 1944 decree signed by [[Wilhelmina of the Netherlands|Queen Wilhelmina]], the "Resolution concerning the Dissolution of Treasonable Organisations",<ref name="Mudde2003"/> in 1954<ref name="Schans2011"/>/1955.<ref name="Art2011">{{cite book|last=Art|first=David|title=Inside the Radical Right: The Development of Anti-Immigrant Parties in Western Europe|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=9dUTXJakqLoC&pg=PA78|accessdate=1 May 2012|date=2011-02-21|publisher=Cambridge UP|isbn=9780521720328|page=78}}</ref> |
The organization was "tolerated" by the Dutch government, but a political party, founded by SOPD member [[Paul van Tienen]], was not. Van Tienen, an associate of Swedish fascist [[Per Engdahl]], had founded a Dutch chapter of Engdahl's [[European Social Movement]], the ''Werkgemeenschap Europa in de Lage Landen'' ("Working Community Europe in the Low Countries") in 1951. He merged this group with the SOPD to form "the first post-war extreme-right party in the Netherlands", the [[National European Social Movement|Nationaal Europese Sociale Beweging]] ("National European Social Movement").<ref name="Mudde2003">{{cite book|last=Mudde|first=Cas|title=The Ideology of the Extreme Right|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=spT-NgRm3f8C&pg=PA117|accessdate=1 May 2012|date=2003-02-22|publisher=Manchester UP|isbn=9780719064463|pages=117–18}}</ref> The party had numbered between 100 and 400 members, all "old comrades", and was banned by the [[Supreme Court of the Netherlands]] on the basis of a 1944 decree signed by [[Wilhelmina of the Netherlands|Queen Wilhelmina]], the "Resolution concerning the Dissolution of Treasonable Organisations",<ref name="Mudde2003"/> in 1954<ref name="Schans2011"/>/1955.<ref name="Art2011">{{cite book|last=Art|first=David|title=Inside the Radical Right: The Development of Anti-Immigrant Parties in Western Europe|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=9dUTXJakqLoC&pg=PA78|accessdate=1 May 2012|date=2011-02-21|publisher=Cambridge UP|isbn=9780521720328|page=78}}</ref> |
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Revision as of 02:40, 2 May 2012
The Stichting Oud Politieke Delinquenten ("Foundation of Former Political Delinquents"; abbreviated SOPD) was a Dutch right-wing organization founded by and for formerly jailed and convicted war criminals, collaborators who had collaborated with the German overlords during World War II. The SOPD was the first[1] and the largest of the collaboratist organizations in the country, "numbering perhaps a hundred former internees."[2]
Foundation and dissolution
The SOPD was founded in 1951 by Jan Hartman, formerly of the NSB,[3] the fascist party that allied itself with the German Nazi movement after the occupation of the Netherlands in 1939. Hartman became the organization's secretary. A co-founder was the lawyer Jan Wolthuis, another former NSB member who had been a "peace judge" during the German occupation,[3] essentially a political office meant to render Anton Mussert immune from prosecution.[4]
The organization was "tolerated" by the Dutch government, but a political party, founded by SOPD member Paul van Tienen, was not. Van Tienen, an associate of Swedish fascist Per Engdahl, had founded a Dutch chapter of Engdahl's European Social Movement, the Werkgemeenschap Europa in de Lage Landen ("Working Community Europe in the Low Countries") in 1951. He merged this group with the SOPD to form "the first post-war extreme-right party in the Netherlands", the Nationaal Europese Sociale Beweging ("National European Social Movement").[5] The party had numbered between 100 and 400 members, all "old comrades", and was banned by the Supreme Court of the Netherlands on the basis of a 1944 decree signed by Queen Wilhelmina, the "Resolution concerning the Dissolution of Treasonable Organisations",[5] in 1954[1]/1955.[2]
See also
References
- ^ a b Schans, Wil van der (2011-07-12). Monitor Racisme and Extremisme: Extreemrechts in Amsterdam. Amsterdam UP. p. 17. ISBN 9789085550495. Retrieved 1 May 2012.
- ^ a b Art, David (2011-02-21). Inside the Radical Right: The Development of Anti-Immigrant Parties in Western Europe. Cambridge UP. p. 78. ISBN 9780521720328. Retrieved 1 May 2012.
- ^ a b Roos, Jan de; Roos-Van Rooden, Thea (2010). Moed en overmoed: een biografie van burgemeester Dirk Frans Pont. Uitgeverij Verloren. pp. 193 n.14. ISBN 9789087041847. Retrieved 1 May 2012.
- ^ Geus, Machteld de (1995). "Vrederechtspraak in Nederland". In G. Aalders (ed.). Oorlogsdocumentatie '40-'45: zesde jaarboek van het Rijksinstituut voor Oorlogsdocumentatie. Zutphen: Walburg. pp. 48–86. ISBN 9789056120078.
- ^ a b Mudde, Cas (2003-02-22). The Ideology of the Extreme Right. Manchester UP. pp. 117–18. ISBN 9780719064463. Retrieved 1 May 2012.