Yucatán Peninsula: Difference between revisions
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The '''Yucatán Peninsula''', in southeastern [[Mexico]], separates the [[Caribbean Sea]] from the [[Gulf of Mexico]], with the northern coastline on the [[Yucatán Channel]]. The [[peninsula]] lies east of the [[Isthmus of Tehuantepec]], a northwestern [[geography|geographic]] partition separating the region of [[Central America]] from the rest of [[North America]]. |
The '''Yucatán Peninsula''', in southeastern [[Mexico]], separates the [[Caribbean Sea]] from the [[Gulf of Mexico]], with the northern coastline on the [[Yucatán Channel]]. The [[peninsula]] lies east of the [[Isthmus of Tehuantepec]], a northwestern [[geography|geographic]] partition separating the region of [[Central America]] from the rest of [[North America]]. |
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The peninsula comprises the [[States of Mexico|Mexican states]] of [[Yucatán]], [[Campeche]], and [[Quintana Roo]]; the northern part of the nation of [[Belize]]; and [[Guatemala]]'s northern |
The peninsula comprises the [[States of Mexico|Mexican states]] of [[Yucatán]], [[Campeche]], and [[Quintana Roo]]; the northern part of the nation of [[Belize]]; and [[Guatemala]]'s northern [[El Petén Department]]. |
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==Geology== |
==Geology== |
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Revision as of 18:30, 23 January 2011
 | This article needs additional citations for verification. (October 2010) |
The Yucatán Peninsula, in southeastern Mexico, separates the Caribbean Sea from the Gulf of Mexico, with the northern coastline on the Yucatán Channel. The peninsula lies east of the Isthmus of Tehuantepec, a northwestern geographic partition separating the region of Central America from the rest of North America.
The peninsula comprises the Mexican states of Yucatán, Campeche, and Quintana Roo; the northern part of the nation of Belize; and Guatemala's northern El Petén Department.
Geology
The peninsula is the exposed portion of the larger Yucatán Platform, all of which is composed of carbonate and soluble rocks, being mostly limestone although dolomite and evaporites are also present at various depths. The whole of the Yucatán peninsula is an unconfined flat lying karst landscape. Sinkholes, locally called cenotes are widespread in the northern lowlands.
According to the Alvarez hypothesis, the mass extinction of the dinosaurs at the transition from the Cretaceous (K) to the Tertiary (T) Periods (the K-T Boundary) 65 million years ago was caused by an asteroid impact somewhere in the greater Caribbean Basin. The deeply buried Chicxulub Crater is centered off the north coast of the peninsula near the town of Chicxulub. The now-famous "Ring of Cenotes" (visible in NASA imagery) outlines one of the shock-waves from this impact event in the rock of ~65 millions years of age, which lies more than 1 km below the modern ground surface near the centre, with the rock above the impact strata all being younger in age. The presence of the crater has been determined first on the surface from the Ring of Cenotes, but also by geophysical methods, and direct drilling with recovery of the drill cores.
Water resources
Due to the extreme karst nature of the whole peninsula, the northern half is devoid of rivers. Where lakes and swamps are present, the water is marshy and not palatable for drinking water. Due to its coastal situation, the whole of the peninsula is underlain by an extensive contiguous density stratified coastal aquifer, where a fresh water lens formed from meteoric water floats on top of intruding saline water from the coastal margins. The thousands of sinkholes, locally called cenotes, throughout the region provide access to the groundwater system. The cenotes have long been relied on by ancient and contemporary Maya people.[1]
Vegetation
Short and tall tropical jungles are the predominant natural vegetation types of the Yucatan Peninsula.
The boundaries between northern Guatemala (El Petén), Mexico (Campeche and Quintana Roo), and western Belize are still occupied by the largest continuous tracts of tropical rainforest in Central America. However, these forests are suffering extensive deforestation.
Etymology
The proper derivation of the word Yucatán is widely debated. Hernan Cortes, in the first of his letters to Charles V, the Holy Roman Emperor, claimed that the name Yucatán comes from a misunderstanding. In this telling, the first Spanish explorers asked what the area was called, and the response they received, "Yucatan," was a Yucatec Maya word meaning "I don't understand what you're saying." [2] [3] Others claim that the source of the name is the Nahuatl (Aztec) word Yokatlān, "place of richness."
People
The Yucatán Peninsula comprises a significant proportion of the ancient Maya Lowlands (although the Maya culture extended south of the Yucatán Peninsula, through present Guatemala and into Honduras and highland Chiapas). There are many Maya archaeological sites throughout the peninsula; some of the better-known are Chichen Itza, Tulum and Uxmal.[4] Indigenous Maya and Mestizos of partial Maya descent make up a sizable portion of the region's population, and Mayan languages are widely spoken there.
Economy
In the late historic and early modern eras, the Yucatán Peninsula was largely a cattle ranching, logging, chicle and henequen production area. Since the 1970s (and the fall of the world henequen and chicle markets due to the advent of synthetic substitutes), the Yucatán Peninsula has reoriented its economy towards tourism, especially in the Mexican state of Quintana Roo. Once a small fishing village, Cancún in the northeast of the peninsula has grown into a thriving city. The Riviera Maya, which stretches along the east coast of the peninsula between Cancún and Tulum, houses over 50,000 beds and is visited by millions of tourists every year. The best-known locations are the former fishing town of Playa del Carmen, the ecological parks Xcaret and Xel-Há and the Maya ruins of Tulum and Coba.
Climate
Like much of the Caribbean, the peninsula lies within the Atlantic Hurricane Belt, and with its almost uniformly flat terrain it is vulnerable to these large storms coming from the east. The 2005 Atlantic Hurricane Season was a particularly bad season for Mexico's tourism industry, with two forceful category 5 storms hitting, Hurricane Emily and Hurricane Wilma. The 2006 Atlantic Hurricane Season was a typical year which left the Yucatán untouched, but in the 2007 Atlantic Hurricane season Yucatán was hit by the Hurricane Dean (also a category 5 storm), nevertheless Dean left little damage on the peninsula despite heavy localized flooding.
Strong storms called nortes can quickly descend on the Yucatán Peninsula any time of year. Although these storms pummel the area with heavy rains and high winds, they tend to be short-lived, clearing after about an hour. The average percentage of days with rain per month ranges from a monthly low of 7% in April to a high of 25% in October. Breezes can have a cooling effect, humidity is generally high, particularly in the remaining rainforest areas.
References
- ^ BBC: Planet Earth, part 4: Caves.
- ^ Cartas y relaciones de Hernan Cortés al emperador Carlos V (in Spanish). A. Chaix y ca. 1866 page 1 footnote 2. Retrieved 2010-12-13.
{{cite book}}: Check date values in:|date=(help); Unknown parameter|City=ignored (|location=suggested) (help) - ^ "Ibero-American Electronic Text Series: Primera Carta de Relación, PREÁMBULO" (in Spanish). Board of Regents of the University of Wisconsin System. 1945. Retrieved 2010-12-13.
- ^ "Yucatan map".
External links
- Yucatan Wildlife - Information about wildlife of the Yucatan Peninsula