Jingo-keiun: Difference between revisions

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Jingo-keiun (神護景雲) was a Japanese era name (年号,, nengō,, lit. "year name") after Tenpyō-jingo and before Hōki. This period spanned the years from August 767 through October 770.^[1] The reigning empress was Empress Shōtoku-tennō (称徳天皇). This was the same woman who had reigned previously as the former Kōken-tennō (孝謙天皇).^[2]

Change of era

767 Jingo-keiun gannen (神護景雲元年): The new era name was created to mark an event or series of events. The previous era ended and the new one commenced in Tenpyō-jingo 3, on the 18th day of the 8th month of 767.^[3].

Events of the Jingo-keiun era

September 8, 669 (Jingo-keiun 3, 4th day of the 8th month]): In the 5th year of Shōtoku-tennō 's reign (称徳天皇5年), the empress died; and she designated Senior Counselor Prince Shirakabe as her heir.^[4]
770 (Jingo-keiun 3, 4th day of the 8th month): The succession (‘‘senso’’) was received by a 62-year-old grandson of Emperor Tenji. ^[5]
770 (Jingo-keiun 3, 1st day of the 10th month): Emperor Kōnin was is said to have acceded to the throne (‘‘sokui’’) in a formal ceremony;and the nengō was changed to Hōki on the very same day.^[6]

The Jingō-kaihō' was a copper coin issued from 765 to 796. It had a diameter of about 23 mm and a weight of between 3.4 and 4.5 grams.^[7]

Notes

^ Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2005). "Jingo-keiun" in Japan encyclopedia, p. 422; n.b., Louis-Frédéric is pseudonym of Louis-Frédéric Nussbaum, see Deutsche Nationalbibliothek Authority File.
^ Titsingh, Isaac. (1834). Annales des empereurs du Japon, pp. 78-81; Brown, Delmer et al. (1979). Gukanshō, pp. 274-276; Varley, H. Paul. (1980). Jinnō Shōtōki. p. 143-147.
^ Brown, p. 276.
^ Brown, pp. 276-277.
^ Brown, p. 276; Varley, p. 44, 148. [A distinct act of senso is unrecognized prior to Emperor Tenji; and all sovereigns except Jitō, Yōzei, Go-Toba, and Fushimi have senso and sokui in the same year until the reign of Emperor Go-Murakami.]
^ Titsingh, p. 81; Brown, p. 277; Varley, p. 44, 148.
^ Nussbaum, "Jingō-kaihō" in Japan encyclopedia, p. 422.

References

Brown, Delmer M. and Ichirō Ishida, eds. (1979). [ Jien, 1221], Gukanshō (The Future and the Past, a translation and study of the Gukanshō, an interpretative history of Japan written in 1219). Berkeley: University of California Press. ISBN 0-520-03460-0
Nussbaum, Louis Frédéric and Käthe Roth. (2005). Japan Encyclopedia. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. 10-ISBN 0-674-01753-6; 13-ISBN 978-0-674-01753-5; OCLC 48943301
Titsingh, Isaac, ed. (1834). [Siyun-sai Rin-siyo/Hayashi Gahō, 1652], Nipon o daï itsi ran; ou, Annales des empereurs du Japon. Paris: Oriental Translation Fund of Great Britain and Ireland. OCLC 311322353
Varley, H. Paul , ed. (1980). [ Kitabatake Chikafusa, 1359], Jinnō Shōtōki ("A Chronicle of Gods and Sovereigns: Jinnō Shōtōki of Kitabatake Chikafusa" translated by H. Paul Varley). New York: Columbia University Press. ISBN 0-231-04940-4

External links

National Diet Library, "The Japanese Calendar" -- historical overview plus illustrative images from library's collection

Jingo-keiun	1st	2nd	3rd	4th
Gregorian	767	768	769	770

Preceded by:
Tenpyō-jingo

Era or nengō:
Jingo-keiun

Succeeded by:
Hōki

This article about a Japanese era name is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.

[1] Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2005). "Jingo-keiun" in Japan encyclopedia, p. 422; n.b., Louis-Frédéric is pseudonym of Louis-Frédéric Nussbaum, see Deutsche Nationalbibliothek Authority File.

[2] Titsingh, Isaac. (1834). Annales des empereurs du Japon, pp. 78-81; Brown, Delmer et al. (1979). Gukanshō, pp. 274-276; Varley, H. Paul. (1980). Jinnō Shōtōki. p. 143-147.

[3] Brown, p. 276.

[4] Brown, pp. 276-277.

[5] Brown, p. 276; Varley, p. 44, 148. [A distinct act of senso is unrecognized prior to Emperor Tenji; and all sovereigns except Jitō, Yōzei, Go-Toba, and Fushimi have senso and sokui in the same year until the reign of Emperor Go-Murakami.]

[6] Titsingh, p. 81; Brown, p. 277; Varley, p. 44, 148.

[7] Nussbaum, "Jingō-kaihō" in Japan encyclopedia, p. 422.

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[2]

[3]

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@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 {{History of Japan|Shoso-in.jpg| Image explanation = [[Shōsōin]]}}
-{{nihongo|'''Jingo-keiun'''|神護景雲}} was a {{nihongo|[[Japanese era|Japanese era name]]|年号,|''nengō'',|lit. "[[year]] name"}} after ''[[Tenpyō-jingo]]'' and before ''[[Hōki]].''  This period spanned the years from [[767]] through [[770]]. The reigning empress was {{nihongo|[[Empress Shōtoku]]''-tennō''|称徳天皇}}.  This was the same woman who had reigned previously as the former {{nihongo|[[Empress Kōken|Kōken]]''-tennō''|孝謙天皇}}.<ref>Titsingh, Isaac. (1834). [http://books.google.com/books?id=18oNAAAAIAAJ&pg=PP9&dq=nipon+o+dai+itsi+ran#PRA1-PA78,M1  ''Annales des empereurs du Japon,'' pp. 78-81;] Brown, Delmer ''et al.'' (1979). ''Gukanshō,'' pp. 274-276; Varley, H. Paul. (1980). ''Jinnō Shōtōki.'' p. 143-147.</ref>
+{{nihongo|'''Jingo-keiun'''|神護景雲}} was a {{nihongo|[[Japanese era|Japanese era name]]|年号,|''nengō'',|lit. "[[year]] name"}} after ''[[Tenpyō-jingo]]'' and before ''[[Hōki]].''  This period spanned the years from August 767 through October 770.<ref>Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2005). "''Jingo-keiun''" in [http://books.google.com/books?id=p2QnPijAEmEC&pg=PA422&dq=  ''Japan encyclopedia,'' p. 422;] n.b., Louis-Frédéric is pseudonym of Louis-Frédéric Nussbaum, ''see'' [http://dispatch.opac.ddb.de/DB=4.1/PPN?PPN=128842709 Deutsche Nationalbibliothek Authority File].</ref> The reigning empress was {{nihongo|[[Empress Shōtoku]]''-tennō''|称徳天皇}}.  This was the same woman who had reigned previously as the former {{nihongo|[[Empress Kōken|Kōken]]''-tennō''|孝謙天皇}}.<ref>Titsingh, Isaac. (1834). [http://books.google.com/books?id=18oNAAAAIAAJ&pg=PP9&dq=nipon+o+dai+itsi+ran#PRA1-PA78,M1  ''Annales des empereurs du Japon,'' pp. 78-81;] Brown, Delmer ''et al.'' (1979). ''Gukanshō,'' pp. 274-276; Varley, H. Paul. (1980). ''Jinnō Shōtōki.'' p. 143-147.</ref>
 ==Change of era==
@@ Line 9: / Line 9: @@
 * '''770''' (''Jingo-keiun 3, 4th day of the 8th month''): The succession (‘‘senso’’) was received by a 62-year-old grandson of [[Emperor Tenji]]. <ref>Brown, p. 276; Varley, p. 44, 148. [A distinct act of ''senso'' is unrecognized prior to [[Emperor Tenji]]; and all sovereigns except [[Empress Jitō|Jitō]], [[Emperor Yōzei|Yōzei]], [[Emperor Go-Toba|Go-Toba]], and [[Emperor Fushimi|Fushimi]] have ''senso'' and ''sokui'' in the same year until the reign of [[Emperor Go-Murakami]].]</ref>
 * '''770''' (''Jingo-keiun 3, 1st day of the 10th month''): [[Emperor Kōnin]] was is said to have acceded to the throne (‘‘sokui’’) in a formal ceremony;and the [[nengō]] was   changed to ''Hōki'' on the very same day.<ref>Titsingh, [http://books.google.com/books?id=18oNAAAAIAAJ&pg=PP9&dq=nipon+o+dai+itsi+ran#PRA1-PA81,M1  p. 81;] Brown, p. 277; Varley, p. 44, 148.</ref>
+The ''Jingō-kaihō''' was a copper coin issued from 765 to 796.  It had a diameter of about 23 mm and a weight of between 3.4 and 4.5 grams.<ref>Nussbaum, "''Jingō-kaihō''" in [http://books.google.com/books?id=p2QnPijAEmEC&pg=PA422&dq=  ''Japan encyclopedia,'' p. 422.]</ref>
+==See also==
+* [[Wadōkaichin]]
 ==Notes==
@@ Line 14: / Line 19: @@
 ==References==
-{{refbegin}}
 * Brown, Delmer M. and Ichirō Ishida, eds. (1979). [ [[Jien]], 1221], ''[[Gukanshō]] (The Future and the Past, a translation and study of the Gukanshō, an interpretative history of Japan written in 1219).'' Berkeley: [[University of California Press]]. ISBN 0-520-03460-0
+* Nussbaum, Louis Frédéric and Käthe Roth. (2005). ''Japan Encyclopedia.'' Cambridge: [[Harvard University Press]]. 10-ISBN 0-674-01753-6; 13-ISBN 978-0-674-01753-5; [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/48943301/editions?editionsView=true&referer=br OCLC 48943301]
-* [[Isaac Titsingh|Titsingh]], Isaac, ed. (1834). [Siyun-sai Rin-siyo/[[Hayashi Gahō]], 1652], ''[[Nipon o daï itsi ran]]; ou, [http://books.google.com/books?id=18oNAAAAIAAJ&dq=nipon+o+dai+itsi+ran  Annales des empereurs du Japon.'']  Paris: [[Royal Asiatic Society|Oriental Translation Fund of Great Britain and Ireland]].
+* [[Isaac Titsingh|Titsingh]], Isaac, ed. (1834). [Siyun-sai Rin-siyo/[[Hayashi Gahō]], 1652], ''[[Nipon o daï itsi ran]]''; ou, [http://books.google.com/books?id=18oNAAAAIAAJ&dq=nipon+o+dai+itsi+ran   ''Annales des empereurs du Japon.'']  Paris: [[Royal Asiatic Society|Oriental Translation Fund of Great Britain and Ireland]]. [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/311322353 OCLC 311322353]
 * [[H. Paul Varley|Varley]], H. Paul , ed. (1980). [ [[Kitabatake Chikafusa]], 1359], ''[[Jinnō Shōtōki]] ("A Chronicle of Gods and Sovereigns: Jinnō Shōtōki of Kitabatake Chikafusa" translated by H. Paul Varley).'' New York: [[Columbia University Press]]. ISBN 0-231-04940-4
-{{refend}}
 ====External links====