Irano-Afghan race: Difference between revisions

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See also Irano-Afghan like, types morphologically close to Irano-Afghans

The Irano-Afghan race prominent since Sumerian times in Mesopotamia is the chief population element in the entire highland territory from the western border of Iran to northern India. The terms Nordic-Iranian and Irano-Afghan is used in physical anthropology for a description of Nordics, based upon shared physical characteristics through geographic adaptation. Other terms include Irano-Nordid. Numerous studies supports the formation of the type in the Iranian plateau and includes Geology, meteorology and Paleontology, furthermore geographical, anthropological, mythological, historical and linguistic studies, supports the theory. ^[1]

Morphological uniqueness

File:Irafg.jpg

Irano-Afghan

Anthropologist Carleton S. Coon described Irano-Afghans in his book The Races of Europe, as being long-faced, high-headed and nose-hooked.

According to anthropologist Earnest Hooton:^[2]

"The Iranian Plateau type differes from the Upper Palaeolithic meaning Atlanto-Mediterranean type particularly in its long, high-bridged, and boldly jutting nasal promontory. It has the same huge dolichocephalic head and massive, usually long face.The great nose may be either straight or convex, more often the latter."

"Beard and body hair: usually heavy."

According to Renato Biasutti the type was defined by:^[3]

Brunet-white color, very dark hair and eyes, abbundant pilosity; medium stature (165), slim body; very long (74) and high head with prominent occiput; long face; large and high nose with root at the level of the forehead, straight or convex spine, strongly curved nostrils (64); full lips, robust chin.

Paleoanthropologist Richard Leakey, states that differences among human races are geographical. [2]

Distribution

Irano-Afghans or Nordic Iranians in anthropological terms, are Harder Mediterraneans most common and the principal element in Iran and Afghanistan north-west Pakistan and Turkmenistan. It is also a major factor in Turkey and Iraq and comprises parts of the population of India, China (West), Arabia, Middle east, Palestine north Africa and Europe, as a result of migration of Irano-Afghans. Together with Pontics and Corded-Nordics they make up the eastern branch of the Mediterranean group. Morphologically they are closer to Corded-Nordics, and the type traditionally defined as “Nordic” in Physical Anthropology. Modern Nordics are typically mesocephalic, but their ancestors were dolichocephalic. The cephalic index was defined by Swedish professor of anatomy Anders Retzius and first used in physical anthropology. A cephalic index of 80 or more is called brachycephalic, or broad, a measurement between 75 and 80 is mesocephalic, or intermediate, below 75 is considered dolicocephalic or long. Map of cephalic index [3]

File:IrAf.jpg

Nordic Iranian

The Iranian Plateau type encountered in Europe are the effect of recombination of original plateau types, and further the result of crosses between the original dolicocephalic Iranian Nordics, and brachycephals with short, broad faces. A Mongoloid admixture produces this genetic recombination, common in Europe after waves of Hunnic migration who were the descendants Xiongnu, a confederation of nomadic tribes and the northern neighbours of China. [4] The Huns in turn are the result much earlier intermixture between Iranians and Chinese in Central Asia. The migrating Nordics to Europe were Patriarchs, and consisted of Priest and Warrior classes who linguistically and culturally replaced and subjugated the earlier matriarchy culture, languages and peoples of "Old Europe".

In Nordic countries cordeds compromise 12% - 18% of the population.[5] The Cordeds are metrically very similar to the Elmenteita from East Africa - the two groups could be combined without loss of homogeneity. In Mesopotamia, they may be favorably compared with the three dynastic skulls from Ur. Coon also related Irano-Afghans to the old Corded Ware culture of Europe.

In later works Coon proposed a Nordic origin through depigmentation in the Eurasiatic grasslands (modern day Russia), having arrived there from Iran at around –5000. (Coons theory is compatible in comparison with present day blood type systems of Russians and Iranians). Genetic research explains the depigmentationphenomonen as being related to foodshortages and especially the lack of vitamin D obtained through seafood and sunlight in which northern European latitudes lack thereof. Lighter Skin, hair, and eye color is due to a low concentration in pigmentation, thus allowing more sunlight that triggers the production of Vitamin D. The MC1R gene is related to this.

Sufficient intake of these elements thus also alows for repigmentation over time, with an estimated timespan of at least 2500 years.^[4]

Pigmentation however, does not constitute an anthropological validity as "race" is measured through skeletal association.

File:TOarian.jpg

Tocharian mummy found in Western China. Tocharians spoke the eastermost Indo-European dialect in which Old Chinese was Influenced. Iranian languages are still spoken in western parts of China, in Xinjiang province or Turkestan^[5]. The Chinese described Tocharians as having long noses and being hairy[1].

Nordics are found in majority in Iran and Afghanistan where the dolichocephalic strains are numerically predominant. Its type is associated with the ancient Aryan movement via Sumer/Mesopotamia, Nordics are not to be confused with "Nordish" or "Nordics" of northern/central Europe, i.e collection of different subtypes of northern/central Europe and Scandinavia where the dinaric, brachycephalic and snubnosed skulls of Tydal, Phalian, Bruenn and Borreby types are predominant and the major population element.

Nordic skeletal system types (i.e Irano-afghan/corded) are by far globally numerically inferior to the more primitive and widely distributed non Nordic types ^[6]. Nordic skeletal association can also be found among ancient ruling Egyptian Pharaohs and Tocharian mummies.

Language

Modern linguistic anthropology cites that speakers of Aryan languages were involved in a migratory path with Europe as well as India as destination, rather than a source. Speakers of Indo-European languages, migrated from Iran to northwestern India at around 2000 B.C and brought an early form of Sanskrit language.[6]

The routes of this great migration have set Iran as the center and set out on migration in any direction where Nordic peoples spread its language and culture. The various Indo-European groups that formed in Europe after the expansion were at the start closely related to the mother culture of the Indo-Iranian bloc.^[7]

Along with Hebrew, Proto-Indo-European has been traditionally regarded in Western culture to be The Adamic language. Anne Catherine Emmerich (1790), stated in her private revelations that the most direct descendants of the Adamic language were Bactrian, Persian and Indian languages, i.e. speakers of Indo-Iranian languages.

Morphological and Blood type comparison

Metrically they are very similar to the corded people who invaded Europe. These people were known as the battle axe peoples consisting of Priests and warriors who invaded Europe in the early neolithic era, 12,500 BC- 9,500 BC. In Europe the form is less prominent and often intermixed with alpine or other local variants. But nevertheless it does appear, occasionally in northern Europe. John Lawrence Angel at the American School of Classical Studies in Athens, discusses a "Nordic-Iranian type" in the following terms:

D1 lies between Anglo-Saxon and Keltic area norms, and D2 is the earlier pre-Bronze Age Corded form which Coon identifies. Type D3, lighter and more hawk-nosed, is transitional to the Mediterranean type B4 and to type D4 (Iranian), which is the Proto-Iranian of Vallois, Irano-Afghan of others, and Proto-Nordic of Krogman, and which is more linear and more rugged than D3 and has a more tilted chewing plane, more nasal convexity, and deeper occiput. Type D5 approximates Coon's Danubian-Halstatt and successor Central European forms.

Nordic-Iranian Morphological Types:

Type D Nordic Iranian	Type D1 Nordic	Type D2 Corded	Type D3 Iranian-Mediterranean	Type D4 Iranian	Type D5 Danubian-Halstatt
Muscularity - Rugged	Muscularity - Rugged	Muscularity - Rugged	Muscularity - Medium	Muscularity - Rugged	Muscularity - Rugged
Vault Form - Linear, high	Vault Form - Ovoid Low	Vault Form - Ellipse High	Vault Form - V. Linear, byrsoid	Vault Form - Linear, high	Vault Form - Linear, high
Angularity - Slight	Angularity - Medium	Angularity - V. Slight	Angularity - Medium	Angularity - Slight	Angularity - Slight
Occiput - Deep, rounded	Occiput - rounded	Occiput - Deep, prominent	Occiput - Deep, prominent	Occiput - V. deep, prom.	Occiput - Upswept, rounded
Forehead - Wide, sloping	Forehead - Rel. wide	Forehead Wide - sloping	Forehead - Rel. wide	Forehead - Rel. wide	Forehead - Rel. wide
Face outline - High, rect.	Face outline - High, rect.	Face outline - High, rect.	Face outline - Med, rect.	Face outline - High, rect.	Face outline - Linear, rect.
Jaws - Angular, chin deep	Jaws - Angular chin deep	Jaws - Angular - chin deep	Jaws - Angular, chin prom.	Jaws - Angular, chin prom.	Jaws - Angular, proj.
Nose - High, beaky	Nose - High, beaky	Nose - Thin beaky	Nose - Prominent	Nose - High, V. beaky	Nose - High
Orbits - Rect. tilted	Orbits - Low rect.	Orbits - Low rect.	Orbits - Rect. tilted	Orbits - Rect. tilted	Orbits - Rhomboid, tilted

The beaky "D type" nose common in Iran, has led to a Rhinoplasty boom where over 100.000 procedures are made each year.

Metric types studies were made by clustering 152 examples based on 9 variables of the head. Clustering was performed on the standardized data matrix using the K-Means algorithm and employing the Euclidean measure of distance (Duda et al., 2001). Features of five types are enumerated. Presented here is Coons Irano-Nordid:

Irano-Nordoid Metric Types:

Head Lenght, - Long	Cephalic Index - Very Low 100*Head Breadth/Head Length
Head Width - Narrow	Facial Index - Very High 100*Total Facial Height/Bizygomatic
Bizygomatic - Very Narrow	Upper Facial Index - Very High 100*Upper Facial Height/Bizygomatic
Bigonial - Narrow	Nasal Index - Low 100*Nasal Breadth/Nasal Length
Total Facial Height - High	Zygo-Frontal Index - Average 100*Minimum Frontal/Bizygomatic
Upper Facial Height - High	Zygo-Gonial Index - Average 100*Bigonial/Bizygomatic
Nasal Height - Average	Fronto-Parietal Index - Average 100*Minimum Frontal/Head Breadth^[8]

Cranial Comparison:

Iran	Sub-Saharan Africa	12%
Iran	Australo-Melanesian	25%
Iran	Eskimo	25%
Iran	East Asia	34%
Iran	Pacific Island	40%
Iran	Nubia	43%
Iran	India	55%
Iran	Greece	59%
Iran	Somalia	64%
Iran	South Egypt	65%
Iran	Switzerland	67%
Iran	Ameridian	69%
Iran	North Egypt	77%
Iran	Portugal	77%
Iran	North Africa	80%
Iran	England	82%
Iran	France	84%
Iran	Russia	84%
Iran	Germany	86%
Iran	Central Europe	88%
Iran	Jericho	88%
Iran	Denmark	91%^[9]

Closest Blood group system in affinity to Iranians, are Russians followed by Ukrainians.

Type	O	A	B	AB	Simularity
Iranians	38	33	22	7	62,9%
Russians	33	36	23	8	59%
Ukrainians	37	40	18	6	65%^[10]

References

^ http://www.iranchamber.com/people/articles/aryan_people_origins.php
^ "Earnest Hooton on the Mediterranean Subrace (from E. A. Hooton, Up from the Ape, 1946)". Retrieved 2009-05-15.
^ Biasutti, Renato. "Renato Biasutti on Caucasoid Subraces: from Le Razze e i popoli della terra". pp. 409–410.
^ Jablonski, Nina. Pennsylvania state University USA
^ http://www.soas.ac.uk/nme/persianiranian/iranianlang/
^ Hooton, Earnest. Up from the Ape. New York: Macmillan Co., 1931 (rev. ed. 1946)
^ http://www.vaidilute.com/books/gimbutas/gimbutas-02.html
^ http://dienekes.awardspace.com/articles/metrictypes/
^ pics 1 & 2 from Felix V. Luschan, The Early Inhabitants of West Asia pic 3 from Carleton S. Coon, The Races of Europe
^ L. Beckman, A Contribution to the Physical Anthropology and Population Genetics of Sweden; Lund, Sweden, 1959.

@@ Line 55: / Line 55: @@
 ==Morphological and Blood type comparison==
-[[Image:TypeDNor-Ir.jpg|430px|thumb|left|Type D, A Nordic Iranian skull system.]]
 Metrically they are very similar to the corded people who invaded Europe. These people were known as the [[battle axe]] peoples consisting of Priests and warriors who invaded Europe in the early [[neolithic]] era, 12,500 BC- 9,500 BC.
 In Europe the form is less prominent and often intermixed with [[Alpine race|alpine]] or other local variants. But nevertheless it does appear, occasionally in northern Europe.