Berar sultanate: Difference between revisions
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{{Short description|Indian kingdom in the Deccan ( |
{{Short description|Indian kingdom in the Deccan (1490–1574)}} |
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{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2017}} |
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{{Use Indian English|date=April 2017}} |
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2017}} |
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| date_start = |
| date_start = |
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| event_start = [[Deccan sultanates|Independence]] |
| event_start = [[Deccan sultanates|Independence]] |
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| year_end = |
| year_end = 1574 |
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| date_end = |
| date_end = |
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| event_end = Conquered by [[Ahmednagar Sultanate]] |
| event_end = Conquered by [[Ahmednagar Sultanate]] |
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| year_leader1 = 1490 – 1504 |
| year_leader1 = 1490 – 1504 |
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| leader2 = [[Tufail Khan]] (last) |
| leader2 = [[Tufail Khan]] (last) |
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| year_leader2 = 1568 – |
| year_leader2 = 1568 – 1574 |
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| event1 = |
| event1 = |
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The '''Berar sultanate''' was an [[early modern]] Indian kingdom in the Deccan, ruled by the '''Imad Shahi dynasty'''.<ref>{{cite book |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=uFTRAAAAMAAJ&q=brahman+convert+berar |title= A History of India |page= 200 |author= John Cadwgan Powell-Price |date= 1955 |publisher= T. Nelson }}</ref> It was one of the [[Deccan sultanates]], and was established in 1490 following the disintegration of the [[Bahmani Sultanate]] by [[Fathullah Imad-ul-Mulk]].<ref name="sen2">{{Cite book |last=Sen |first=Sailendra |title=A Textbook of Medieval Indian History |publisher=Primus Books |year=2013 |isbn=978-9-38060-734-4 |pages=117–119}}</ref> It was annexed by the [[Ahmadnagar Sultanate]] in |
The '''Berar sultanate''' was an [[early modern]] Indian kingdom in the Deccan, ruled by the '''Imad Shahi dynasty'''.<ref>{{cite book |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=uFTRAAAAMAAJ&q=brahman+convert+berar |title= A History of India |page= 200 |author= John Cadwgan Powell-Price |date= 1955 |publisher= T. Nelson }}</ref> It was one of the [[Deccan sultanates]], and was established in 1490 following the disintegration of the [[Bahmani Sultanate]] by [[Fathullah Imad-ul-Mulk]].<ref name="sen2">{{Cite book |last=Sen |first=Sailendra |title=A Textbook of Medieval Indian History |publisher=Primus Books |year=2013 |isbn=978-9-38060-734-4 |pages=117–119}}</ref> It was annexed by the [[Ahmadnagar Sultanate]] in 1574 following an invasion. |
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== History == |
== History == |
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In 1490, [[Fathullah Imad-ul-Mulk]], who had been appointed governor of Berar by [[Mahmud Gawan]] after assisting him in his campaigns,{{sfn|Mitchell|Zebrowski|1999|p=11}}<!--governor of [[Gawilghur|Gawil]], who had formerly held all Berar,--> proclaimed his independence amidst the civil unrest in the Bahmani Sultanate and founded the Imad Shahi dynasty of Berar.{{sfn|Majumdar|1974|p=463}} He proceeded to annex [[Mahur, Maharashtra|Mahur]] to his new kingdom and had its capital at [[Ellichpur]].{{cn|date=July 2024}} Imad-ul-Mulk was by birth a [[Kannada|Kanarese]] Hindu, but had been captured as a boy in one of the expeditions against the [[Vijayanagara Empire]] and brought up as a Muslim.{{sfn|Majumdar|1974|p=463}} [[Gavilgad]] and [[Narnala]] were also fortified by him.{{sfn|Mitchell|Zebrowski|1999|p=11}} |
In 1490, [[Fathullah Imad-ul-Mulk]], who had been appointed governor of Berar by [[Mahmud Gawan]] after assisting him in his campaigns,{{sfn|Mitchell|Zebrowski|1999|p=11}}<!--governor of [[Gawilghur|Gawil]], who had formerly held all Berar,--> proclaimed his independence amidst the civil unrest in the Bahmani Sultanate and founded the Imad Shahi dynasty of Berar.{{sfn|Majumdar|1974|p=463}} He proceeded to annex [[Mahur, Maharashtra|Mahur]] to his new kingdom and had its capital at [[Ellichpur]].{{cn|date=July 2024}} Imad-ul-Mulk was by birth a [[Kannada|Kanarese]] Hindu, but had been captured as a boy in one of the expeditions against the [[Vijayanagara Empire]] and brought up as a Muslim.{{sfn|Majumdar|1974|p=463}} [[Gavilgad]] and [[Narnala]] were also fortified by him.{{sfn|Mitchell|Zebrowski|1999|p=11}} |
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Fathullah Imad-ul-Mulk died in 1504 and his successor, [[Aladdin Imad Shah]] resisted the aggression of Ahmadnagar with the help from [[Bahadur Shah of Gujarat|Bahadur Shah]], sultan of [[Gujarat Sultanate|Gujarat]].{{sfn|Majumdar|1974|pp=463–464}} The next ruler, Darya, ascended the throne in 1530 and tried to align with [[Sultanate of Bijapur|Bijapur]] to prevent aggression from Ahmadnagar, but was unsuccessful.{{sfn|Mitchell|Zebrowski|1999|p=11}} |
Fathullah Imad-ul-Mulk died in 1504 and his successor, [[Aladdin Imad Shah]] resisted the aggression of Ahmadnagar with the help from [[Bahadur Shah of Gujarat|Bahadur Shah]], sultan of [[Gujarat Sultanate|Gujarat]].{{sfn|Majumdar|1974|pp=463–464}} The next ruler, Darya, ascended the throne in 1530 and tried to align with [[Sultanate of Bijapur|Bijapur]] to prevent aggression from Ahmadnagar, but was unsuccessful.{{sfn|Mitchell|Zebrowski|1999|p=11}} Early in his reign, the minor [[Burhan Imad Shah]], who succeeded his father in 1562, was deposed by his minister and regent [[Tufail Khan]], who assumed rule of the Sultanate. This gave a pretext for the intervention of [[Murtaza Nizam Shah]] of Ahmadnagar, who invaded Berar, imprisoned and put to death Tufail Khan, his son [[Shams-ul-Mulk]], and the former-king Burhan, and proceeded to annex Berar into his own dominions of the Ahmadnagar Sultanate in 1574.{{sfn|Majumdar|1974|pp=465–466}}{{sfn|Mitchell|Zebrowski|1999|p=11}} |
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== List of rulers == |
== List of rulers == |
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# [[Aladdin Imad Shah]]: 1504 – 1529 |
# [[Aladdin Imad Shah]]: 1504 – 1529 |
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# [[Darya Imad Shah]]: 1529 – 1562. |
# [[Darya Imad Shah]]: 1529 – 1562. |
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# [[Burhan Imad Shah]]: 1562 – |
# [[Burhan Imad Shah]]: 1562 – 1574{{sfn|Mitchell|Zebrowski|1999|p=275}} (''de facto'' 1562 – 1568) |
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# [[Tufail Khan]] (usurper): 1568 |
# [[Tufail Khan]] (usurper): 1568<!--dubious; Fer. implies this usurpation was much earlier than 1568 and was likely soon after Burhan's accession; more recent source needed--><ref name="Sewell_166">Robert Sewell. ''Lists of inscriptions, and sketch of the dynasties of southern India'' (''The New Cambridge History of India'' Vol. I:7), Printed by E. Keys at the Government Press, 1884, , p.166</ref> – 1574{{sfn|Majumdar|1974|pp=465–466}} |
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== See also == |
== See also == |
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{{Berar}}{{Authority control}} |
{{Berar}}{{Authority control}} |
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[[Category:States and territories disestablished in |
[[Category:States and territories disestablished in 1574]] |
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[[Category:Berar]] |
[[Category:Berar]] |
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[[Category:Deccan sultanates]] |
[[Category:Deccan sultanates]] |
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Revision as of 05:01, 19 September 2024
Sultanate of Berar वऱ्हाड | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1490–1574 | |||||||||
 .svg){kind=small} Berar sultanate with neighbouring polities, circa 1525.[1] | |||||||||
| Capital | Ellichpur | ||||||||
| Common languages | |||||||||
| Religion | Islam | ||||||||
| Government | Monarchy | ||||||||
| Sultan | |||||||||
• 1490 – 1504 | Fathullah Imad-ul-Mulk (first) | ||||||||
• 1568 – 1574 | Tufail Khan (last) | ||||||||
| History | |||||||||
| 1490 | |||||||||
• Conquered by Ahmednagar Sultanate | 1574 | ||||||||
| Area | |||||||||
| 29,340 km2 (11,330 sq mi) | |||||||||
| |||||||||
| Today part of | India | ||||||||
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Berar". Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. | |||||||||
The Berar sultanate was an early modern Indian kingdom in the Deccan, ruled by the Imad Shahi dynasty.[2] It was one of the Deccan sultanates, and was established in 1490 following the disintegration of the Bahmani Sultanate by Fathullah Imad-ul-Mulk.[3] It was annexed by the Ahmadnagar Sultanate in 1574 following an invasion.
History
On the establishment of the Bahmani Sultanate in the Deccan in 1347, Berar was constituted one of the five provinces into which their kingdom was divided, being governed by a tarafdar, with a separate army. The perils of this system became apparent when the province was divided (1478 or 1479) into two separate provinces, named after their capitals Gawil and Mahur.[citation needed]
In 1490, Fathullah Imad-ul-Mulk, who had been appointed governor of Berar by Mahmud Gawan after assisting him in his campaigns,[4] proclaimed his independence amidst the civil unrest in the Bahmani Sultanate and founded the Imad Shahi dynasty of Berar.[5] He proceeded to annex Mahur to his new kingdom and had its capital at Ellichpur.[citation needed] Imad-ul-Mulk was by birth a Kanarese Hindu, but had been captured as a boy in one of the expeditions against the Vijayanagara Empire and brought up as a Muslim.[5] Gavilgad and Narnala were also fortified by him.[4]
Fathullah Imad-ul-Mulk died in 1504 and his successor, Aladdin Imad Shah resisted the aggression of Ahmadnagar with the help from Bahadur Shah, sultan of Gujarat.[6] The next ruler, Darya, ascended the throne in 1530 and tried to align with Bijapur to prevent aggression from Ahmadnagar, but was unsuccessful.[4] Early in his reign, the minor Burhan Imad Shah, who succeeded his father in 1562, was deposed by his minister and regent Tufail Khan, who assumed rule of the Sultanate. This gave a pretext for the intervention of Murtaza Nizam Shah of Ahmadnagar, who invaded Berar, imprisoned and put to death Tufail Khan, his son Shams-ul-Mulk, and the former-king Burhan, and proceeded to annex Berar into his own dominions of the Ahmadnagar Sultanate in 1574.[7][4]
List of rulers
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The sultans of Berar belonged to the Imad Shahi dynasty:
- Fathullah Imad-ul-Mulk: 1490 – 1504
- Aladdin Imad Shah: 1504 – 1529
- Darya Imad Shah: 1529 – 1562.
- Burhan Imad Shah: 1562 – 1574[8] (de facto 1562 – 1568)
- Tufail Khan (usurper): 1568[9] – 1574[7]
See also
References
- ^ Schwartzberg, Joseph E. (1978). A Historical atlas of South Asia. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. pp. 39, 147. ISBN 0226742210.
- ^ John Cadwgan Powell-Price (1955). A History of India. T. Nelson. p. 200.
- ^ Sen, Sailendra (2013). A Textbook of Medieval Indian History. Primus Books. pp. 117–119. ISBN 978-9-38060-734-4.
- ^ a b c d Mitchell & Zebrowski 1999, p. 11.
- ^ a b Majumdar 1974, p. 463.
- ^ Majumdar 1974, pp. 463–464.
- ^ a b Majumdar 1974, pp. 465–466.
- ^ Mitchell & Zebrowski 1999, p. 275.
- ^ Robert Sewell. Lists of inscriptions, and sketch of the dynasties of southern India (The New Cambridge History of India Vol. I:7), Printed by E. Keys at the Government Press, 1884, , p.166
Sources
- Majumdar, R.C. (1974). "The Five Sultanates of the Deccan". The Mughul Empire. Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan.
- Mitchell, George; Zebrowski, Mark (1999). Architecture and Art of the Deccan Sultanates (The New Cambridge History of India Vol. I:7). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-56321-6.
