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The Greek Cypriot community adheres to the [[Autocephalous]] Greek Orthodox [[Church of Cyprus]] and the Turkish Cypriot community adheres to [[Islam]]. The religious groups of Armenians, Maronites and Latins (about 9,000 people in total) opted, in accordance with the [[Constitution of Cyprus|1960 constitution]], to belong to the Greek Cypriot community.<ref name="cyportal2"/>
The Greek Cypriot community adheres to the [[Autocephalous]] Greek Orthodox [[Church of Cyprus]] and the Turkish Cypriot community adheres to [[Islam]]. The religious groups of Armenians, Maronites and Latins (about 9,000 people in total) opted, in accordance with the [[Constitution of Cyprus|1960 constitution]], to belong to the Greek Cypriot community.<ref name="cyportal2"/>


The 2011 census of the government-controlled area notes that 89.1% of the population follows [[Greek Orthodox Christianity]], 2.9% are [[Roman Catholic]], 2% are [[Protestants]], 1.8% are [[Muslims]] and 1% are [[Buddhists]]; [[Maronite Catholics]], [[Armenian Orthodox]], [[Jews]], [[Jehovah’s Witnesses]] and [[Baha’i]]s make up the remainder.<ref>[https://www.state.gov/reports/2022-report-on-international-religious-freedom/cyprus US State Dept 2022 report]</ref> Cyprus is also the home of 6,000 [[History of the Jews in Cyprus|Jews]] who have a [[Larnaca Synagogue|Synagogue in Larnaca]].
The 2011 census of the government-controlled area notes that 89.1% of the population follows [[Greek Orthodox Christianity]], 2.9% are [[Roman Catholic]], 2% are [[Protestants]], 1.8% are [[Muslims]] and 1% are [[Buddhists]]; [[Maronite Catholics]], [[Armenian Orthodox]], [[Jewish]], [[Jehovah’s Witnesses]] and [[Baha’i]]s make up the remainder.<ref>[https://www.state.gov/reports/2022-report-on-international-religious-freedom/cyprus US State Dept 2022 report]</ref> Cyprus is also the home of 6,000 [[History of the Jewish people in Cyprus|Jewish]] who have a [[Larnaca Synagogue|Synagogue in Larnaca]].


==Education==
==Education==

Revision as of 10:56, 19 August 2024

Demographics of Cyprus
Population pyramid of Cyprus in 2020
Population1,295,102 (2022 est.)
Growth rate1.06% (2022 est.)
Birth rate10.57 births/1,000 population (2022 est.)
Death rate6.94 deaths/1,000 population (2022 est.)
Life expectancy79.74 years
 • male76.93 years
 • female82.68 years (2022 est.)
Fertility rate1.48 children born/woman (2022 est.)
Infant mortality rate8.36 deaths/1,000 live births
Net migration rate6.96 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2022 est.)
Age structure
0–14 years15.69%
65 and over12.97%
Sex ratio
Total0.93 male(s)/female (2022 est.)
At birth1.05 male(s)/female
Under 151.05 male(s)/female
65 and over0.55 male(s)/female
Nationality
NationalityCypriot
Major ethnicGreek Cypriots 98.8%
Minor ethnicOthers 1% (including Turkish, Armenian, Maronite) and unspecified 0.2%
Language
OfficialGreek, Turkish
Population distribution by ethnicity (1960 census)
Census population and growth rate
YearPop.±% p.a.
1881186,173—    
1891209,286+1.18%
1901237,022+1.25%
1911274,108+1.46%
1921310,715+1.26%
1931347,915+1.14%
1946450,114+1.73%
1960573,566+1.75%
1973631,788+0.75%
1976497,879−7.63%
1982522,845+0.82%
1992615,013+1.64%
2001703,529+1.51%
2011840,407+1.79%
2021923,272+0.94%
The post 1974 censuses refer to the Government controlled areas.[1]

The people of Cyprus are broadly divided into two main ethnic communities, Greek Cypriots and Turkish Cypriots, who share many cultural traits but maintain distinct identities based on ethnicity, religion, language, and close ties with Greece and Turkey respectively. Before the dispute started in 1964 the peoples of Cyprus (then 77.1% Greek speaking Cypriots, 18.2% Turkish speaking Cypriots, <5% other communities, primarily Armenians, Maronites, and other Lebanese)[2][3] were dispersed over the entire island.

The Turkish invasion of Cyprus in 1974 de facto partitioned the island into two political areas: 99.5% of Greek Cypriots now live in the free areas of the Republic of Cyprus while 98.7% of Turkish Cypriots live in northern areas of Cyprus self-proclaimed as another state not recognised by any country other than Turkey (99.2% of other nationalities live in the Greek Cypriot areas in the center, west, east and south).[4] Greek and Cypriot dialect are predominantly spoken in the east, west, south and centre, where the majority are Greek Cypriots, and Turkish in the north, where the majority are Turkish Cypriots. English is widely used throughout the island, as a common language.

The total population of Cyprus as of the end of 2006 was slightly over 1 million, comprising 789,300 in the territory controlled by the government of the Republic of Cyprus[5] and 294,406 in the northern areas of Cyprus. The population of the northern areas of Cyprus has increased following the immigration of 150,000–160,000 Turkish mainlanders, which the UN confirmed to have arrived illegally.[6] On this basis, the Republic of Cyprus government does not include this group in the population statistics of the Republic of Cyprus Statistical Service.[7]

Summer is the high season in Cyprus. Population increases with expatriates during June, July and August. Many expatriates bring their family and friends from England, United States and Australia.

Land values and price increases for all consumer goods increase as a result of the expats and foreigners buying land and houses and relocating year round and/or only during the high season.

Population

Urban skyline of Nicosia
838,897 in Republic of Cyprus controlled area (October 2011 census preliminary result)[8]
294,906 in northern Cyprus (2011 population census).[9]
1,133,803 total population of Cyprus (sum of population in Government controlled area and northern Cyprus, 2011 data)

Population by citizenship

Republic of Cyprus government controlled area:

1992 census: 95.8% Cypriot, 4.2% Non-Cypriot[10]
2001 census: 90.6% Cypriot, 9.4% Non-Cypriot[10]
2011 census: 78.6% Cypriot, 21.4% Non-Cypriot (preliminary)[8]

northern areas of Cyprus:[9]

2006 census (de facto population): 66.7% NC, 29.3% Turkey, 4.0% other

Vital statistics

Cyprus (1901–1990)

Population of Cyprus (entire island) 1901–2015.

Historical data about main demographic indicators from 1901 to 1990, for the entire island:[11][12][13]

Year Total population Live births1 Deaths1 Natural change Crude birth rate (per 1000) Crude death rate (per 1000) Natural change (per 1000)
1901 238,000 7,300 4,300 3,000 30.6 18.1 12.5
1902 241,000 6,700 3,500 3,200 28.0 14.6 13.4
1903 245,000 7,000 3,600 3,400 28.6 14.6 14.0
1904 249,000 7,600 3,700 3,900 30.4 14.8 15.6
1905 253,000 7,500 4,500 3,000 29.6 17.7 11.9
1906 257,000 7,900 4,100 3,800 30.7 15.8 14.9
1907 260,000 8,200 4,600 3,600 31.4 17.7 13.7
1908 264,000 8,700 5,200 3,500 32.9 19.7 13.2
1909 268,000 8,000 4,500 3,500 29.8 16.9 12.9
1910 271,000 8,700 4,100 4,600 32.1 15.2 16.9
1911 275,000 8,700 4,500 4,200 31.6 16.2 15.4
1912 279,000 8,000 4,900 3,100 28.5 17.7 10.8
1913 283,000 8,700 5,300 3,400 30.7 18.8 11.9
1914 287,000 9,500 5,100 4,400 33.1 17.6 15.5
1915 291,000 10,000 5,800 4,200 34.3 19.8 14.5
1916 294,000 5,900 5,300 600 20.0 17.9 2.1
1917 297,000 8,800 5,400 3,400 29.5 18.2 11.3
1918 301,000 9,900 6,900 3,000 32.9 22.9 10.0
1919 305,000 8,900 5,200 3,700 29.2 17.2 12.0
1920 309,000 9,100 7,400 1,700 29.5 23.9 5.6
1921 312,000 8,400 6,200 2,200 26.8 20.0 6.8
1922 315,000 9,000 6,200 2,800 28.6 19.6 9.0
1923 318,000 8,100 5,700 2,400 25.5 18.0 7.5
1924 322,000 8,800 5,600 3,200 27.3 17.4 9.9
1925 326,000 8,300 4,700 3,600 25.6 14.4 11.2
1926 330,000 8,500 5,600 2,900 25.9 17.1 8.8
1927 333,000 8,400 5,200 3,200 25.2 15.6 9.6
1928 337,000 9,700 5,100 4,600 28.9 15.2 13.7
1929 341,000 10,400 4,600 5,800 30.4 13.5 16.9
1930 345,000 11,100 5,700 5,400 32.1 16.4 15.7
1931 349,000 10,500 5,900 4,600 30.2 17.0 13.2
1932 352,000 10,100 5,740 4,360 28.7 16.3 12.4
1933 356,000 9,750 4,910 4,840 27.4 13.8 13.6
1934 360,000 10,852 4,757 6,095 30.1 13.2 16.9
1935 363,000 11,735 4,976 6,759 32.3 13.7 18.6
1936 367,000 12,727 4,656 8,071 34.7 12.7 22.0
1937 371,000 10,954 6,334 4,620 29.5 17.1 12.5
1938 376,000 11,804 5,445 6,359 31.4 14.5 16.9
1939 393,000 12,214 5,519 6,695 31.1 14.0 17.0
1940 401,000 13,254 4,678 8,576 33.1 11.7 21.4
1941 409,000 11,402 5,058 6,344 27.9 12.4 15.5
1942 412,000 9,221 6,747 2,474 22.4 16.4 6.0
1943 416,000 12,405 5,155 7,250 29.8 12.4 17.4
1944 425,000 14,330 4,263 10,067 33.7 10.0 23.7
1945 435,000 13,269 4,111 9,158 30.5 9.5 21.1
1946 447,000 14,482 3,793 10,689 32.4 11.0 23.9
1947 458,000 15,158 3,875 11,283 33.1 11.0 24.6
1948 477,000 15,078 5,250 9,828 31.6 11.0 20.6
1949 485,000 13,234 5,290 7,944 27.3 11.0 16.4
1950 494,000 14,517 5,340 9,187 29.4 11.0 18.6
1951 502,000 14,403 5,370 9,043 28.7 10.5 18.0
1952 508,000 13,358 5,380 7,968 26.3 10.5 15.7
1953 515,000 13,446 5,410 8,036 26.1 10.5 15.6
1954 523,000 13,893 5,490 8,403 26.6 10.5 16.1
1955 530,000 13,747 5,570 8,177 25.9 10.5 15.4
1956 536,000 13,875 5,630 8,215 25.9 10.5 15.3
1957 546,000 14,100 5,730 8,350 25.8 10.5 15.3
1958 558,000 14,320 5,860 8,480 25.7 10.5 15.2
1959 567,000 14,411 5,950 8,491 25.4 10.5 15.0
1960 573,000 14,500 6,020 8,510 25.3 10.5 14.9
1961 575,000 15,059 6,206 8,853 26.2 10.8 15.4
1962 577,000 14,787 6,101 8,686 25.6 10.6 15.0
1963 582,000 14,602 6,079 8,523 25.1 10.4 14.6
1964 587,000 14,224 6,206 8,018 24.2 10.6 13.7
1965 591,000 13,707 6,061 7,646 23.2 10.3 12.9
1966 595,000 13,250 5,991 7,259 22.3 10.1 12.2
1967 599,000 12,788 5,971 6,817 21.3 10.0 11.4
1968 604,000 12,403 5,958 6,445 20.5 9.9 10.7
1969 609,000 12,046 5,946 6,100 19.8 9.8 10.0
1970 614,000 11,801 5,998 5,803 19.2 9.8 9.4
1971 620,000 11,641 5,983 5,658 18.8 9.7 9.1
1972 627,000 11,620 6,043 5,577 18.5 9.6 8.9
1973 634,000 11,600 6,047 5,553 18.3 9.5 8.8
1974 630,000 10,578 6,900 3,678 16.8 11.0 5.8
1975 610,000 9,768 4,823 4,945 16.0 7.9 8.1
1976 599,000 11,194 5,148 6,046 18.7 8.6 10.1
1977 599,000 10,951 5,445 5,506 18.3 9.1 9.2
1978 601,000 11,299 5,048 6,251 18.8 8.4 10.4
1979 605,000 11,920 5,083 6,837 19.7 8.4 11.3
1980 611,000 12,464 5,682 6,782 20.4 9.3 11.1
1981 618,000 12,111 5,190 6,921 19.6 8.4 11.2
1982 625,000 12,985 5,307 7,678 20.8 8.5 12.3
1983 632,000 13,078 5,433 7,645 20.7 8.6 12.1
1984 640,000 13,182 5,119 8,063 20.6 8.0 12.6
1985 648,000 12,622 5,502 7,120 19.5 8.5 11.0
1986 654,000 12,753 5,494 7,259 19.5 8.4 11.1
1987 660,000 12,331 5,869 6,462 18.7 8.9 9.8
1988 665,000 12,753 5,845 6,908 19.2 8.8 10.4
1989 671,000 12,141 5,702 6,439 18.1 8.5 9.6

1 The numbers of births and deaths 1901–1932 are estimates calculated from the birth and death rates.

Area under the effective control of the Republic of Cyprus

[14]

Population map of Cyprus. Darker colors represent more residents.
Population density map of Cyprus (2001 census)

Historical data about main demographic indicators from 1990 to 2018, for the southern part of the island:[13]

Average population Live births Deaths Natural change Crude birth rate (per 1000) Crude death rate (per 1000) Natural change (per 1000) Total fertility rate Infant mortality rate
1990 579,400 10,622 4,844 5,778 18.3 8.4 10.0 2.42 11.0
1991 594,900 10,442 5,075 5,367 17.6 8.5 9.0 2.33 11.0
1992 610,600 11,372 5,220 6,152 18.6 8.5 10.1 2.49 10.0
1993 625,800 10,514 4,789 5,725 16.8 7.7 9.1 2.24 8.6
1994 639,000 10,379 4,924 5,455 16.2 7.7 8.5 2.17 8.6
1995 650,700 9,869 4,935 4,934 15.2 7.6 7.6 2.03 8.5
1996 660,900 9,638 4,958 4,680 14.6 7.5 7.1 1.96 8.3
1997 670,400 9,275 5,173 4,102 13.8 7.7 6.1 1.87 8.0
1998 678,900 8,879 5,432 3,447 13.1 8.0 5.1 1.76 7.0
1999 686,400 8,505 5,070 3,435 12.4 7.4 5.0 1.67 6.0
2000 693,600 8,447 5,355 3,092 12.2 7.7 4.5 1.64 5.6
2001 701,300 8,167 4,827 3,340 11.6 6.9 4.8 1.57 4.9
2002 709,100 7,883 5,168 2,715 11.1 7.3 3.8 1.49 4.7
2003 717,800 8,088 5,200 2,888 11.3 7.2 4.0 1.51 4.1
2004 727,500 8,309 5,225 3,084 11.4 7.2 4.2 1.52 3.5
2005 738,100 8,243 5,425 2,818 11.2 7.3 3.8 1.48 4.6
2006 750,300 8,731 5,127 3,604 11.6 6.8 4.8 1.52 3.1
2007 766,400 8,575 5,380 3,195 11.2 7.0 4.2 1.44 3.1
2008 785,700 9,205 5,194 4,011 11.7 6.6 5.1 1.48 3.5
2009 807,100 9,608 5,182 4,426 11.9 6.4 5.5 1.48 3.3
2010 827,700 9,801 5,103 4,698 11.8 6.2 5.7 1.44 3.2
2011 849,000 9,622 5,504 4,118 11.3 6.5 4.9 1.35 3.1
2012 863,900 10,161 5,665 4,496 11.8 6.6 5.2 1.39 3.5
2013 861,900 9,341 5,141 4,200 10.8 6.0 4.9 1.30 1.6
2014 853,200 9,258 5,424 3,834 10.9 6.4 4.5 1.31 2.1
2015 843,100 9,170 5,859 3,311 10.9 6.9 3.9 1.32 2.7
2016 849,800 9,455 5,471 3,984 11.1 6.4 4.7 1.37 2.6
2017 860,200 9,229 5,996 3,233 10.7 7.0 3.8 1.32 1.3
2018 870,800 9,329 5,768 3,561 10.7 6.6 4.1 1.32 2.4
2019 880,600 9,548 6,239 3,309 10.8 7.1 3.8 1.33 2.6
2020 896,000 9,860 6,381 3,479 11.0 7.1 3.9 1.36 2.1
2021 904,700 10,309 7,202 3,107 11.2 7.9 3.3 1.39 2.7
2022 920,700 10,151 7,255 2,896 11.0 7.9 3.1

Current vital statistics

[15][16]

Period Live births Deaths Natural increase
January - June 2022 4,667 3,819 +848
January - June 2023 4,849 3,516 +1,333
Difference Increase +182 (+3.90%) Positive decrease -303 (−7.93%) Increase +485

Life expectancy

Life expectancy in Cyprus since 1895
Life expectancy in Cyprus since 1960 by gender
Period Life expectancy in
Years 		Period Life expectancy in
Years
1950–1955 66.7 1985–1990 76.1
1955–1960 70.4 1990–1995 76.9
1960–1965 71.9 1995–2000 77.7
1965–1970 73.1 2000–2005 78.3
1970–1975 74.3 2005–2010 79.0
1975–1980 75.3 2010–2015 79.9
1980–1985 76.1

Source: UN World Population Prospects[17]

Structure of the population

Structure of the population (Census 01.X.2011) (Data refer to government controlled areas):[18]
Age Group Male Female Total %
Total 408 780 431 627 840 407 100
0-4 23 061 21 954 45 015 5.36
5-9 21 921 20 714 42 635 5.07
10-14 24 179 23 119 47 298 5.63
15-19 28 683 27 135 55 818 6.64
20-24 33 891 32 182 66 073 7.86
25-29 36 992 37 122 74 114 8.82
30-34 33 149 36 685 69 834 8.31
35-39 27 754 34 108 61 862 7.36
40-44 27 031 32 697 59 728 7.11
45-49 27 059 30 181 57 240 6.81
50-54 27 517 28 611 56 128 6.68
55-59 23 771 23 991 47 762 5.68
60-64 22 057 22 977 45 034 5.36
65-69 17 656 18 672 36 328 4.32
70-74 14 044 15 389 29 433 3.50
75-79 9 647 11 411 21 058 2.51
80+ 10 342 14 606 24 948 2.97
unknown 26 73 99 0.01
Age group Male Female Total Percent
0-14 69 161 65 787 134 948 16.06
15-64 287 904 305 689 593 593 70.63
65+ 51 689 60 078 111 767 13.30
Population Estimates by Sex and Age Group (01.I.2021) (Data refer to government controlled areas): [19]
Age Group Male Female Total %
Total 437 650 458 357 896 007 100
0–4 24 397 23 215 47 612 5.31
5–9 25 158 23 494 48 652 5.43
10–14 24 346 23 093 47 439 5.29
15–19 24 300 23 883 48 183 5.38
20–24 30 113 31 925 62 038 6.92
25–29 36 723 38 452 75 175 8.39
30–34 37 166 38 393 75 559 8.43
35–39 33 894 36 196 70 090 7.82
40–44 28 988 32 142 61 130 6.82
45–49 25 801 27 736 53 537 5.98
50–54 26 249 27 426 53 675 5.99
55–59 27 023 27 722 54 745 6.11
60–64 25 117 25 751 50 868 5.68
65-69 21 930 22 897 44 827 5.00
70-74 19 071 20 847 39 918 4.46
75-79 12 852 15 139 27 991 3.12
80-84 8 708 11 190 19 898 2.22
85-89 4 101 6 295 10 396 1.16
90-94 1 327 1 964 3 291 0.37
95-99 327 507 834 0.09
100+ 59 90 149 0.02
Age group Male Female Total Percent
0–14 73 901 69 802 143 703 16.04
15–64 295 374 309 626 605 000 67.52
65+ 68 375 78 929 147 304 16.44

Historical population

Turkish Cypriots were the majority of the population registered for taxation between 1777 and 1800.[20][21] However, it is likely that the Muslim population never exceeded 35-40 per cent of the total population of Cyprus. Rather, many Orthodox Christians registered as Muslims in order to reduce taxation from the government.[22]

Distribution of Turkish Cypriots (1891, 1911, 1931)
Distribution of Turkish Cypriots (1946, 1960, 1973)
Distribution of Turkish Cypriots (1891–1973)
Tax Registered Population of Cyprus by ethnicity 1777–1800
census year Greeks Turks Armenians Maronites Others Total
# % # % # % # % # %
1777 37,000
44.0%
 47,000
56.0%
 — — — — — — 84,000
1790 47,500
41.5%
 67,000
58.5%
 — — — — — — 114,500
1793 46,392
39.3%
 67,000
58.8%
 — — — — 4,608
3.9%
 118,000
1800 30,524
31.3%
 67,000
68.7%
 — — — — — — 97,524
Population of Cyprus according to ethnicity (1881–2011)
census year Greeks Turks Armenians Maronites Others Total
# % # % # % # % # %
1881[23] 137,631
73.9%
 45,458
24.4%
 174
0.1%
 830
0.4%
 1,738
0.9%
 186,173
1891[23] 158,585
75.8%
 47,926
22.9%
 280
0.1%
 1,131
0.5%
 1,364
0.7%
 209,286
1901[23] 182,739
77.1%
 51,309
21.6%
 517
0.2%
 1,130
0.5%
 1,327
0.6%
 237,022
1911[23] 214,480
78.2%
 56,428
20.6%
 558
0.2%
 1,073 — 1,569 — 274,108
1921[23] 244,887
78.8%
 61,339
19.7%
 1,197
0.4%
 1,350 — 1,942 — 310,715
1931[23] 276,572
79.5%
 64,238
18.5%
 3,377
1%
 1,704 — 2,068 — 347,959
1946 361,199
80.2%
 80,548
17.9%
 3,686
0.8%
 2,083 — 2,598 — 450,114
1960 442,363
77.1%
 104,333
18.2%
 3,630 — 2,752 — 20,488 — 573,566
2011[a][24] 659,115
98.8%
 1,128
0.2%
 1,831
0.3%
 3,656
0.5%
 1,460
0.2%
 667,398
  1. ^ in the territory controlled by the Republic of Cyprus

In the census from 1881 to 1960, all Muslims are counted as Turks, only Greek Orthodox are counted as Greeks. There were small populations of Greek-speaking Muslims and Turkish-speaking Greek Orthodox.[25]

In total, between 1955 and 1973, 16,519 Turks and 71,036 Greeks emigrated from the country. Of the emigrated Turkish Cypriots in this period, only 290 went to Turkey.[26] In the 2011 census, 208 people stated their ethnic origin as being Latin.[24]

Fertility

In 2020, 39% of children born in Cyprus were to mothers of foreign origin, both from non-EU countries and from other EU member states.[27]

Immigration

Main article: Mainland Turks in Northern Cyprus

Large-scale demographic changes have been caused since 1964 by the movements of peoples across the island and the later influx of settlers from Turkey to northern Cyprus. According to the 2011 Census there are 170,383 non-citizens living in Cyprus, of whom 106,270 are EU citizens and 64,113 are from third countries. The largest EU groups by nationality are Greeks (29,321), Romanians (23,706) and Bulgarians (18,536). The largest non-EU groups are British (24,046), Filipinos (9,413), Russians (8,164), Sri Lankans (7,269) and Vietnamese (7,028).[28] There are an estimated 20–25,000 undocumented migrants from third countries also living in the Republic, though migrant rights groups dispute these figures.[29] The demographic changes in society have led to some racist incidents,[30][31][32] and the formation of the charity KISA in response.

The demographic character of northern Cyprus changed after the Turkish invasion in 1974 and especially during the last 10–15 years. TRNC census carried out in April 2006 showed that out of a total population of 256,644 in northern Cyprus, 132,635, or 52%, were Turkish Cypriots in the sense that they were born in Cyprus of at least one Cyprus-born parent (for 120,007 of these both parents were Cyprus-born). In addition, 43,062 so called TRNC citizens (17%) had at least one non-Cypriot Turkish-born parent, 2,334 so called TRNC citizens (1%) had parents born in other countries, 70,525 residents (27%) had Turkish citizenship, and 8,088 (3%) were citizens of other countries (mainly UK, Bulgaria, and Iran).[9]

Based on these census data, it is estimated that 113,687 northern Cyprus residents, or 44% of the population, are not Turkish Cypriots properly speaking, but are in fact "Turkish immigrants" or "Turkish settlers" from Anatolia. Alternative sources suggest that the Turkish Cypriots in northern Cyprus are today outnumbered by the Turkish settlers,[33] contrary to the picture presented by the 2006 so called TRNC census.

Settlement in northern Cyprus, especially if accompanied by naturalization, is in violation of article 49 of the Geneva Conventions Protocol of 1977, since the Turkish occupation has been declared illegal by the UN.[34] The UN General Assembly have stated the settlement of Turkish mainlanders, "constitute[s] a form of colonialism and attempt to change illegally the demographic structure of Cyprus".[6] The Republic of Cyprus considers these Turkish immigrants to be "illegal settlers" and does not include them in the population estimates for the entire island published by the Republic of Cyprus Statistical Service.[35]

Emigration

Main articles: British Cypriots, Cypriot American, and Cypriot Australian

Nationality group

Main articles: Greek Cypriots, Turkish Cypriots, Armenian Cypriots, Maronite Cypriots, and Lebanese Cypriots

The national identities of the population of the area under the control of the Republic of Cyprus are:

Largest foreign nationalities (2011)[8]
Ethnic group % Inhabitants
European Union Greece
17.3%
 31,044
 United Kingdom
14.8%
 26,659
European Union Romania
13.6%
 24,376
European Union Bulgaria
10.7%
 19,197
 Philippines
10.7%
 19,197
 Russia
4.8%
 8,663
 Sri Lanka
4.1%
 7,350
 Vietnam
4.0%
 7,102
 Syria
1.8%
 3,235
 Ukraine
1.7%
 3,023
 India
1.6%
 2,955
European Union Poland
1.6%
 2,951
 Georgia
1.2%
 2,113
European Union Germany
0.6%
 1,162
Other EU countries
4%
 7,035
Other non-EU countries
12%
 22,938

An influx of Israeli immigrants has been reported in the early 2020's, numbering 12,000 as of April 2024 according to Israeli estimates.

Languages

Main article: Languages of Cyprus
Languages of Cyprus (2011) (Cyprus government controlled areas) [36]
Language
Greek (official)
 
 80.9%
Other
 
 4.3%
English
 
 4.1%
Romanian
 
 2.9%
Russian
 
 2.5%
Bulgarian
 
 2.2%
Arabic
 
 1.2%
Filipino
 
 1.1%
Unspecified
 
 0.6%
Turkish (official)
 
 0.2%

Greek and Turkish are the official languages according to Article 3 of the Constitution of Cyprus.[37] In Northern Cyprus, the official language is Turkish (Article 2 of the 1983 Constitution of Northern Cyprus).[38] English is widely spoken on the island.

Religion

Main article: Religion in Cyprus
Religions of Cyprus (2012) (Cyprus government controlled areas) [36]
Religions percent
Orthodox Christian
 
 89.1%
Roman Catholic
 
 2.9%
Protestant/Anglican
 
 2%
Islam
 
 1.8%
Other (includes Maronite, Armenian Church, Hindu)
 
 1.4%
Unknown
 
 1.1%
Buddhist
 
 1%
None/Atheist
 
 0.6%

The Greek Cypriot community adheres to the Autocephalous Greek Orthodox Church of Cyprus and the Turkish Cypriot community adheres to Islam. The religious groups of Armenians, Maronites and Latins (about 9,000 people in total) opted, in accordance with the 1960 constitution, to belong to the Greek Cypriot community.[7]

The 2011 census of the government-controlled area notes that 89.1% of the population follows Greek Orthodox Christianity, 2.9% are Roman Catholic, 2% are Protestants, 1.8% are Muslims and 1% are Buddhists; Maronite Catholics, Armenian Orthodox, Jewish, Jehovah’s Witnesses and Baha’is make up the remainder.[39] Cyprus is also the home of 6,000 Jewish who have a Synagogue in Larnaca.

Education

Further information: Education in Cyprus

Cyprus has a well-developed system of primary and secondary education. The majority of Cypriots earn their higher education at Greek, British, or American universities, while there are also sizeable emigrant communities in the United Kingdom and Australia. Private colleges and state-supported universities have been developed by both the Turkish and Greek communities.[40]

Demographic statistics

The following demographic statistics are from the CIA World Factbook, unless otherwise indicated.[41]

The data in subsections Age structure through Divorce rate are for the area controlled by the Republic of Cyprus government only. The estimates are for 2007 from the Republic of Cyprus Statistical Abstract 2007 (pp. 63–88)[35] unless indicated otherwise.

Age structure

Age structure of the population of Cyprus
0–14 years: 17.47% or 137,900 ( 70,700 males/67,200 females)
15–64 years: 70.07% or 553,100 ( 274,300 males/278,800 females)
65 years and over: 12.46% or 98,300 ( 44,600 males/53,700 females)

Population growth rate

1.4%[42]

Net migration rate

Total immigrants: 19,143
Total emigrants: 11,753
Net migration: +7,390
Net migration rate: 9.4 migrant(s)/1,000 population

Sex ratio

At birth: 1.086 male(s)/female
Under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female
15–64 years: 0.98 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.83 male(s)/female
Total population: 0.99 male(s)/female

Marriage rates

Estimates for 2006

Number of marriages:

Marriages of residents of Cyprus: 5,252
Total marriages (including tourists): 12,617

Marriage rates:

Residents of Cyprus: 6.8/1,000 population
Total marriages (including tourists): 16.4/1,000 population

Mean age at marriage:

Groom 33.7
Bride 30.5

Divorce rates

Total Divorces: 2,000
Divorce Rate: 2.27/1,000 population

Nationality

Noun: Cypriot(s)
Adjective: Cypriot

HIV/AIDS

Adult prevalence rate: 0.1% (2003 est.)
People living with HIV/AIDS: fewer than 1,000 (1999 est.); 518 cases reported between 1986 and 2006 (58% Cypriots, 42% foreigners/visitors);[43]
Deaths: 85 reported between 1986 and 2006.[43]

"The information presented here concerns only part of Cyprus, due to an absence of reliable information concerning the island as a whole".[43]

References

Public Domain This article incorporates public domain material from The World Factbook (2024 ed.). CIA. (Archived 2006 edition.)

  1. ^ "Census 2021". Statistical Service. Retrieved 22 June 2023.
  2. ^ Hatay, Mete; Hatay, Mete; Contents, Erol Uysal. Is the Turkish Cypriot Population Shrinking? An Overview of the Ethno-Demography of Cyprus in the Light of the Preliminary Results of the 2006 Turkish-Cypriot Census. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.374.6154.
  3. ^ "Cyprus - Population". countrystudies.us. Retrieved 2021-05-27.
  4. ^ Cyprus Facts on Worldpress.org. Retrieved 29 February 2009
  5. ^ Statistical Service of the Republic of Cyprus, DEMOGRAPHIC REPORT 2007 (p. 12)
  6. ^ a b "1987/50 1987 — Permanent Mission of the Republic of Cyprus to the United Nations". www.cyprusun.org. Retrieved 2021-05-28.
  7. ^ a b Cyprus Government web portal: Towns and Population Archived 2011-06-07 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved on 28 February 2009
  8. ^ a b c Preliminary Results of the Census of Population, 2011 Preliminary Results of the Census of Population, 2011
  9. ^ a b c "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2013-09-27. Retrieved 2014-02-14.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  10. ^ a b Statistical Service of Cyprus: Population and Social Statistics Archived 2010-08-21 at the Wayback Machine, Main Results of the 2001 Census. Retrieved on 29 February 2009
  11. ^ B.R. Mitchell. European historical statistics. 1750–1975.
  12. ^ "Demographic Yearbook" (PDF). unstats.un.org. Retrieved 2023-05-10.
  13. ^ a b "Statistical Service of Cyprus".
  14. ^ "Key figures".
  15. ^ "Live births (total) by month". Eurostat. Retrieved 5 January 2024.
  16. ^ "Deaths (total) by month". Eurostat. Retrieved 5 January 2024.
  17. ^ "World Population Prospects – Population Division – United Nations". Archived from the original on 2016-09-19. Retrieved 2017-07-15.
  18. ^ "United Nations Statistics Division - Demographic and Social Statistics". Archived from the original on 2004-09-21.
  19. ^ "UNSD — Demographic and Social Statistics". unstats.un.org. Retrieved 2023-05-10.
  20. ^ Claude Delaval Cobham Excerpta Cypria, Cambridge University Press, 1908, p.366-67
  21. ^ Archimandrite Kyprianos Istoria Khronoloyiki tis Nisou Kiprou (History and Chronicles of the Island of Cyprus, Ιστορία χρονολογική της νήσου Κύπρου) 1788, p.495
  22. ^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-05-01. Retrieved 2018-06-12.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  23. ^ a b c d e f Alexander-Michael Hadjilyra. The Armenians of Cyprus. p. 21.
  24. ^ a b "Population - Country of Birth, Citizenship Category, Country of Citizenship, Language, Religion, Ethnic/Religious Group, 2011". Archived from the original on 12 June 2018. Retrieved 12 May 2018.
  25. ^ A Handbook of Cyprus, Hutchinson, Joseph Turner, page 57, 1907
  26. ^ Hatay, Mete (2007). "Is the Turkish Cypriot population shrinking?: an overview of the ethno-demography of Cyprus in the light of the preliminary results of the 2006 Turkish-Cypriot census" (PDF). International Peace Research Institute. p. 64. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2022-10-09.
  27. ^ "In Italia non si fanno più figli, siamo terzultimi in Europa per indice di fertilità". europa.today.it. 1 May 2022.
  28. ^ "Greeks main group of foreigners living on the island - Cyprus Mail". Archived from the original on 2012-07-23. Retrieved 2012-07-20.
  29. ^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2013-05-25. Retrieved 2012-07-20.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  30. ^ ""My girl thought she was going to die"". Retrieved 11 March 2023.
  31. ^ ""Why the Republic of Cyprus is institutionally racist"". Retrieved 11 March 2023.
  32. ^ "Teen says beaten and mocked by police in racist incident – Cyprus Mail".
  33. ^ The Turkish Settlers in Northern Cyprus, www.cyprus-conflict.net, quoting "Fresh Tension for Cyprus: Counting the Newcomers" in The New York Times, January 23, 1991."The Turkish Settlers in Northern Cyprus". Archived from the original on 2008-03-25. Retrieved 2016-05-15.
  34. ^ Refugees, United Nations High Commissioner for. "Refworld | Security Council resolution 550 (1984) [Cyprus]". Refworld. Retrieved 2021-05-28.
  35. ^ a b Statistical Abstract of the Republic of Cyprus 2007 Archived 2022-12-15 at the Wayback Machine, Statistical Service of Cyprus, pp. 63–88
  36. ^ a b c "Middle East :: CYPRUS". CIA The World Factbook. 14 December 2021.
  37. ^ "Cyprus 1960 (rev. 2013) Constitution - Constitute". www.constituteproject.org. Retrieved 2024-06-18.
  38. ^ "The Constitution of the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus". www.cypnet.co.uk. Retrieved 2024-06-18.
  39. ^ US State Dept 2022 report
  40. ^ Republic of Cyprus, Office of the Law Commissioner. "The Private Universities Law (2005)" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2013-01-20.
  41. ^ "CIA – The World Factbook – Cyprus". 20 May 2022.
  42. ^ Population of Cyprus: end of 2007 Archived 2011-07-21 at the Wayback Machine, Statistical Service of the Republic of Cyprus, Press Release 06/10/2008. Retrieved 26 February 2009.
  43. ^ a b c Cyprus: Sexually transmitted infections/HIV/AIDS Archived 2009-10-28 at the Wayback Machine, World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe, June 2008.
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