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{{User sandbox}}
{{User sandbox}}
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===Alabama Ancient Savannah Species List===
===Alabama Ancient Savanna Species List===


The [[U.S. state]] of [[Alabama]] from an estimated [[Late Pleistocene|129,000 years ago]] to approximately [[Meghalayan|300 years ago]] was a mix of open [[Grassland|grasslands]] and [[Savanna|savannas]], in contrast to the [[Oak forest|closed canopy forests]] which cover most of the state today. Most of these savannas were a mixture of [[Flatwoods|pine savannas]] and [[Oak savanna|oak savannas]] with areas lacking any trees being basic open grasslands. This habitat was somewhat similar to the modern savannas of Africa although the main difference being the temperature. While summer months were hot and somewhat dry with temperatures ranging from estimated highs of 85°F – 100°F, winter months were cold and wet with lows reaching down to an estimated -20°F – 10°F. The landscape was also dominated by many extinct animal species such as [[Arctodus|Short faced bear]], [[Columbian mammoth]], [[Mastodon|American mastodon]], [[Bison latifrons|Great bison]], [[Wild horse|Wild horses]], [[Camelops|American camels]], [[Megatherium|Giant ground sloths]], [[Dire wolf|Dire wolfs]], [[American lion|American lions]], and the [[Miracinonyx|American cheetah]].
The [[U.S. state]] of [[Alabama]]


Extant - 2
Extant - 2


Extinct in State - 1
Extinct in State - 1


Permanently Extinct - 9
Permanently Extinct - 9




(‡) Permanently Extinct - A native species which is permanently extinct on earth.
(‡) Permanently Extinct - A native species which is permanently extinct on earth.
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|-
|-
| [[File:Bison antiquus La Brea.jpg|180px]] || ''[[Bison antiquus]]'' || Ancient Bison (‡) || [[Bison]]|| Approx.<br/>[[Late Pleistocene|60,000]] – [[Greenlandian|10,000]]<br/>years ago || ~9,000 B.C. || [[Holocene extinction|Holocene]]
| [[File:Bison antiquus La Brea.jpg|180px]] || ''[[Bison antiquus]]'' || Ancient Bison (‡) || [[Bison]]|| Approx.<br/>[[Late Pleistocene|60,000]] – [[Greenlandian|10,000]]<br/>years ago || ~9,000 B.C. || [[Holocene extinction|Holocene]]
|}

==Bobcats/Cheetahs/Jaguars/Lions/Tigers==
{|class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align: center;"
! width = 5% class="unsortable" | '''Image'''
! width = 30% | '''Scientific Name'''
! width = 30% | '''Common Name'''
! width = 15% | '''Genus'''
! width = 15% | '''Temporal Range<br/>(Age)'''
! width = 15% | '''Year of<br/>Extinction'''
! width = 15% | '''Extinction Event'''

|-
| [[File:Standing jaguar.jpg|180px]] || ''[[Panthera onca]]'' || American Jaguar (†) || [[Panthera]] || ? – ? || ? || ?
|-
| [[File:Panthera leo atrox Sergiodlarosa.jpg|180px]] || ''[[Panthera atrox]]'' || American Lion (‡) || [[Panthera]]|| ? – ? || ? || ?
|-
| [[File:Smilodon fatalis.jpg|180px]] || ''[[Smilodon fatalis]]'' || American Saber-Toothed Tiger (‡) || [[Smilodon]]|| ? – ? || ? || ?
|-
| [[File:Homotherium serum.jpg|180px]] || ''[[Homotherium serum]]'' || American Scimitar-Toothed Tiger (‡) || [[Homotherium|Homotheriun]]|| ? – ? || ? || ?
|-
| [[File:EasternCougar.jpg|180px]] || ''[[Eastern cougar|Puma concolor couguar]]'' || Eastern Mountain Lion (‡) || [[Puma]]|| ? – ? || ? || ?
|-
| [[File:Florida panther (5164633394) (cropped).jpg|180px]] || ''[[Florida panther|Puma concolor couguar]]'' || Florida Mountain Lion (†) || [[Puma]] ||? –? ||? || ?
|-
| [[File:Cougar - panoramio (2).jpg|180px]] || ''[[North American cougar|Puma concolor couguar]]'' || North American Mountain Lion (†) || [[Puma]] ||? –? ||? || ?
|-
| [[File:Bobbie 2010 2.jpg|180px]] || ''[[Lynx rufus]]'' || Red Bobcat || [[Lynx]] ||? –? ||? || ?
|}
|}


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! width = 15% | '''Extinction Event'''
! width = 15% | '''Extinction Event'''
|-
|-
| [[File:White-tailed deer.jpg|180px]] || ''[[Odocoileus virginianus]]'' || White Tail Deer || [[Odocoileus]] || Approx.<br/>[[Piacenzian|3.5Ma]] – [[Meghalayan|Present]] || – || –
| [[File:Key deer male.jpg|180px]] || ''[[White-tailed deer|Odocoileus virginianus osceola]]'' || Florida Costal White Tailed Deer || [[Odocoileus]] ||Approx.
[[Northgrippian|7,000]] – [[Meghalayan|Present]]
| – || –
|-
| [[File:White-tailed deer.jpg|180px]] || ''[[White-tailed deer|Odocoileus virginianus virginianus]]'' || Virginia White Tailed Deer || [[Odocoileus]] ||Approx
[[Greenlandian|11,000]] – [[Meghalayan|Present]]
| – || –
|}
|}


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! width = 15% | '''Extinction Event'''
! width = 15% | '''Extinction Event'''
|-
|-
| [[File:Knight Gomphotherium.jpg|180px]] || ''[[Cuvieronius hyodon]]'' || American Gomphothere(‡) || [[Cuvieronius]]|| Approx.<br/>[[Early Pleistocene|1.5Ma]] – [[Late Pleistocene|12,000]]<br/>years ago || 9970 B.C.|| [[Late Pleistocene extinctions|Late Pleistocene]]
| [[File:Knight Gomphotherium.jpg|180px]] || ''[[Cuvieronius hyodon]]'' || American Gomphothere(‡) || [[Cuvieronius]]|| Approx.<br/>[[Early Pleistocene|1.5Ma]] – [[Late Pleistocene|12,000]]<br/>years ago || ~9970 B.C.|| [[Late Pleistocene extinctions|Late Pleistocene]]
|-
|-
| [[File:Mammut americanum Sergiodlarosa.jpg|180px]] || ''[[Mammut americanum]]'' || American Mastodon (‡) || [[Mammut]]|| Approx.<br/>[[Tortonian|8Ma]] – [[Greenlandian|11,345]]<br/>years ago || 9300 B.C.|| [[Holocene extinction|Holocene]]
| [[File:Mammut americanum Sergiodlarosa.jpg|180px]] || ''[[Mammut americanum]]'' || American Mastodon (‡) || [[Mammut]]|| Approx.<br/>[[Tortonian|8Ma]] – [[Greenlandian|11,345]]<br/>years ago || ~9300 B.C.|| [[Holocene extinction|Holocene]]
|-
|-
| [[File:Columbian mammoth.jpg|180px]] || ''[[Mammuthus columbi]]'' || Columbian Mammoth (‡) || [[Mammuthus]]|| Approx.<br/>[[Early Pleistocene|1.5Ma]] – [[Late Pleistocene|12,000]]<br/>years ago || 9970 B.C.|| [[Late Pleistocene extinctions|Late Pleistocene]]
| [[File:Columbian mammoth.jpg|180px]] || ''[[Mammuthus columbi]]'' || Columbian Mammoth (‡) || [[Mammuthus]]|| Approx.<br/>[[Early Pleistocene|1.5Ma]] – [[Late Pleistocene|12,000]]<br/>years ago || ~9970 B.C.|| [[Late Pleistocene extinctions|Late Pleistocene]]
|}
|}


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! width = 15% | '''Extinction Event'''
! width = 15% | '''Extinction Event'''
|-
|-
| [[File:Megalonyx jeffersonii (1).jpg|180px]] || ''[[Megalonyx jeffersonii]]'' || Jefferson Ground Sloth (‡) || [[Megalonyx]]|| Approx.<br/>[[Zanclean|5Ma]] – [[Late Pleistocene|12,000]]<br/>years ago || 9980 B.C.|| [[Late Pleistocene extinctions|Late Pleistocene]]
| [[File:Megalonyx jeffersonii (1).jpg|180px]] || ''[[Megalonyx jeffersonii]]'' || Jefferson Ground Sloth (‡) || [[Megalonyx]]|| Approx.<br/>[[Zanclean|5Ma]] – [[Late Pleistocene|12,000]]<br/>years ago || ~9980 B.C.|| [[Late Pleistocene extinctions|Late Pleistocene]]
|-
|-
| [[File:Harland’s ground sloth La brea.jpg|180px]] || ''[[Paramylodon harlani]]'' || Harland’s Ground Sloth (‡) || [[Paramylodon]]|| Approx.<br/>[[Zanclean|4.9Ma]] – [[Late Pleistocene|12,000]]<br/>years ago || 9980 B.C.|| [[Late Pleistocene extinctions|Late Pleistocene]]
| [[File:Harland’s ground sloth La brea.jpg|180px]] || ''[[Paramylodon harlani]]'' || Harland’s Ground Sloth (‡) || [[Paramylodon]]|| Approx.<br/>[[Zanclean|4.9Ma]] – [[Late Pleistocene|12,000]]<br/>years ago || ~9980 B.C.|| [[Late Pleistocene extinctions|Late Pleistocene]]
|}
|}

Revision as of 02:01, 3 August 2024

Alabama Ancient Savanna Species List

The U.S. state of Alabama from an estimated 129,000 years ago to approximately 300 years ago was a mix of open grasslands and savannas, in contrast to the closed canopy forests which cover most of the state today. Most of these savannas were a mixture of pine savannas and oak savannas with areas lacking any trees being basic open grasslands. This habitat was somewhat similar to the modern savannas of Africa although the main difference being the temperature. While summer months were hot and somewhat dry with temperatures ranging from estimated highs of 85°F – 100°F, winter months were cold and wet with lows reaching down to an estimated -20°F – 10°F. The landscape was also dominated by many extinct animal species such as Short faced bear, Columbian mammoth, American mastodon, Great bison, Wild horses, American camels, Giant ground sloths, Dire wolfs, American lions, and the American cheetah.

Extant - 2

Extinct in State - 1

Permanently Extinct - 9

(‡) Permanently Extinct - A native species which is permanently extinct on earth.

(†) Extinct in the wild/Extinct in State - A native species which is extinct in the State of Alabama.

Armadillos

Image Scientific Name Common Name Genus Temporal Range
(Age) 		Year of
Extinction 		Extinction Event
Glyptotherium texanum North American Glyptodont/North American Giant Armadillo (‡) Glyptotherium Approx.
3.6Ma – 11,300
years ago		 ~9280 B.C. Holocene
Dasypus novemcinctus Nine-Banded Armadillo Dasypus Approx.
50,000 – Present		 – –

Bison

Image Scientific Name Common Name Genus Temporal Range
(Age) 		Year of
Extinction 		Extinction Event
Bison bison American Bison/American Buffalo (†) Bison Approx.
30,000 – 254
years ago		 1770 Holocene
Bison latifrons Great Bison (‡) Bison Approx.
120,000 – 11,000
years ago		 ~10,000 B.C. Holocene
Bison antiquus Ancient Bison (‡) Bison Approx.
60,000 – 10,000
years ago		 ~9,000 B.C. Holocene

Bobcats/Cheetahs/Jaguars/Lions/Tigers

Image Scientific Name Common Name Genus Temporal Range
(Age) 		Year of
Extinction 		Extinction Event
Panthera onca American Jaguar (†) Panthera ? – ? ? ?
Panthera atrox American Lion (‡) Panthera ? – ? ? ?
Smilodon fatalis American Saber-Toothed Tiger (‡) Smilodon ? – ? ? ?
Homotherium serum American Scimitar-Toothed Tiger (‡) Homotheriun ? – ? ? ?
Puma concolor couguar Eastern Mountain Lion (‡) Puma ? – ? ? ?
Puma concolor couguar Florida Mountain Lion (†) Puma ? –? ? ?
Puma concolor couguar North American Mountain Lion (†) Puma ? –? ? ?
Lynx rufus Red Bobcat Lynx ? –? ? ?

Deer

Image Scientific Name Common Name Genus Temporal Range
(Age) 		Year of
Extinction 		Extinction Event
Odocoileus virginianus osceola Florida Costal White Tailed Deer Odocoileus Approx.

7,000 – Present

– –
Odocoileus virginianus virginianus Virginia White Tailed Deer Odocoileus Approx

11,000 – Present

– –

Gomphotheres/Mammoths/Mastodons

Image Scientific Name Common Name Genus Temporal Range
(Age) 		Year of
Extinction 		Extinction Event
Cuvieronius hyodon American Gomphothere(‡) Cuvieronius Approx.
1.5Ma – 12,000
years ago		 ~9970 B.C. Late Pleistocene
Mammut americanum American Mastodon (‡) Mammut Approx.
8Ma – 11,345
years ago		 ~9300 B.C. Holocene
Mammuthus columbi Columbian Mammoth (‡) Mammuthus Approx.
1.5Ma – 12,000
years ago		 ~9970 B.C. Late Pleistocene

Elk

Image Scientific Name Common Name Genus Temporal Range
(Age) 		Year of
Extinction 		Extinction Event
Cervus canadensis canadensis Eastern Elk/Wapiti (‡) Cervus Approx.
5,000 – 147
years ago		 1877 Holocene

Sloths

Image Scientific Name Common Name Genus Temporal Range
(Age) 		Year of
Extinction 		Extinction Event
Megalonyx jeffersonii Jefferson Ground Sloth (‡) Megalonyx Approx.
5Ma – 12,000
years ago		 ~9980 B.C. Late Pleistocene
Paramylodon harlani Harland’s Ground Sloth (‡) Paramylodon Approx.
4.9Ma – 12,000
years ago		 ~9980 B.C. Late Pleistocene
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