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==Locations==
==Future==
{{main|List of United States Space Force installations}}
===Department of the Space Force===
{{blockquote|
While the Space Force's headquarters is in Washington D.C., the rest of the service is spread across the United States and abroad, across 18 states and territories and 46 bases and installations as of 2024.<ref>https://www.spaceforce.mil/Portals/2/Documents/SF101/ussf_101_glossy_FINAL_e-version.pdf</ref>
|text=As the United States Space Force matures, and as national security requires, it will become necessary to create a separate military department, to be known as the Department of the Space Force.
{{Location map+ | USA
|author=Space Policy Directive-4, 2019<ref>https://www.spaceforce.mil/About-Us/SPD-4/</ref>}}
| width = 600
The Space Force is currently organized as a service under the [[United States Department of the Air Force|Department of the Air Force]], mirroring the [[U.S. Marine Corps]] position within the [[United States Department of the Navy|Department of the Navy]]. The current construct more closely mirrors proposals for a Space Corps within the Department of the Air Force, rather than a fully independent Department of the Space Force. Senator [[Bob Smith (New Hampshire politician)|Bob Smith]], the 2001 Rumsfeld Commission, and 2008 Allard Commission each envisioned that a Space Corps within the Department of the Air Force would serve as a steppingstone towards a separate Department of the Space Force.<ref>https://www.afhistory.af.mil/Portals/64/Books/Titles/Space%20Force%20Origins.pdf</ref>
| float = center
| caption= U.S. Space Force installations and locations located within mainland United States.
| relief =
| alt =
| places =
{{Location map~ | USA
|label = '''[[Buckley Space Force Base|Buckley SFB]]'''
| position = top
|mark = Emblem of Space Base Delta 2.svg
|marksize=20
|label_size = 75
|label_width=10
|lat_deg = 39
|lat_min = 42
|lat_sec = 06
|lat_dir = N
|lon_deg = 104
|lon_min = 45
|lon_sec = 06
|lon_dir = W
}}
{{Location map~ | USA
|label = '''[[Peterson SFB]]'''<br>'''[[Schriever Space Force Base|Schriever SFB]]'''<br>'''[[Cheyenne Mountain Space Force Station|Cheyenne Mountain SFS]]'''
| position = bottom
|mark = Emblem of Space Base Delta 1.svg
|marksize = 20
|label_size = 75
|label_width = 12
|lat_deg = 38
|lat_min = 44
|lat_sec = 37
|lat_dir = N
|lon_deg = 104
|lon_min = 50
|lon_sec = 48
|lon_dir = W
}}
{{Location map~ | USA
|label = '''[[Cape Cod Space Force Station|Cape Cod SFS]]'''
| position = bottom
|mark = 6th Space Warning Squadron emblem.png
|marksize = 20
|label_size = 75
|label_width= 12
|lat_deg = 41
|lat_min = 45
|lat_sec = 11.52
|lat_dir = N
|lon_deg = 70
|lon_min = 32
|lon_sec = 18.6
|lon_dir = W
}}
{{Location map~ | USA
|label = '''[[Cavalier Space Force Station|Cavalier SFS]]'''
| position = bottom
|mark = 10th Space Warning Squadron emblem.png
|marksize = 20
|label_size = 75
|label_width= 12
|lat_deg = 48
|lat_min = 43
|lat_sec = 55
|lat_dir = N
|lon_deg = 97
|lon_min = 54
|lon_sec = 16
|lon_dir = W
}}
{{Location map~ | USA
|label = '''[[Los Angeles Air Force Base|Los Angeles AFB]]'''
| position = bottom
|mark = Space Base Delta 3 emblem.png
|marksize = 20
|label_size = 75
|label_width= 12
|lat_deg = 33
|lat_min = 55
|lat_sec = 08.79
|lat_dir = N
|lon_deg = 118
|lon_min = 22
|lon_sec = 50
|lon_dir = W
}}
{{Location map~ | USA
|label = '''[[New Boston Space Force Station|New Boston SFS]]'''
|position = top
|mark = 23rd Space Operations Squadron emblem.png
|marksize = 20
|label_size = 75
|label_width= 12
|lat_deg = 42
|lat_min = 56
|lat_sec = 48
|lat_dir = N
|lon_deg = 71
|lon_min = 37
|lon_sec = 41
|lon_dir = W
}}
{{Location map~ | USA
|label = '''[[Patrick Space Force Base|Patrick SFB]]'''<br>'''[[Cape Canaveral SFS]]'''
| position = bottom
|mark = Space Launch Delta 45 emblem.png
|marksize = 20
|label_size = 75
|label_width= 12
|lat_deg = 28
|lat_min = 14
|lat_sec = 06
|lat_dir = N
|lon_deg = 80
|lon_min = 36
|lon_sec = 36
|lon_dir = W
}}
{{Location map~ | USA
|label = '''[[Vandenberg Space Force Base|Vandenberg SFB]]'''
|position = right
|mark = Space Launch Delta 30 emblem.png
|marksize = 20
|label_size = 75
|label_width= 12
|lat_deg = 34
|lat_min = 43
|lat_sec = 57
|lat_dir = N
|lon_deg = 120
|lon_min = 34
|lon_sec = 05
|lon_dir = W
}}
}}


Space Policy Directive-4 directed the Space Force be initially established under the Department of the Air Force as a first step towards an independent Department of the Space Force. The Department of the Space Force would take over space responsibilities from the Department of the Air Force and the [[United States Secretary of Defense|Secretary of Defense]] was directed to conduct periodic reviews to determine when to recommend the [[President of the United States|President]] seek legislation to establish that department.<ref>https://www.spaceforce.mil/About-Us/SPD-4/</ref>
{{Location map+|World|width=600|float=center|caption=U.S. Space Force installations and locations outside of the contiguous United States.|relief=1|alt=|places=

{{Location map~ | World
===Department of the Air and Space Forces===
|label = '''[[Clear Space Force Station|Clear SFS]]'''
{{blockquote|
| position = right
|text=
|mark = 13th Space Warning Squadron emblem.png
|author=
|marksize = 20
|label_size = 75
|label_width= 12
|lat_deg = 64
|lat_min = 17
|lat_sec = 26
|lat_dir = N
|lon_deg = 149
|lon_min = 11
|lon_sec = 13
|lon_dir = W
}}
{{Location map~ | World
|label = '''[[Kaena Point Space Force Station|Ka{{okina}}ena Point SFS]]'''
| position = right
|mark = 21st Space Operations Squadron emblem.png
|marksize = 20
|label_size = 75
|label_width= 12
|lat_deg = 21
|lat_min = 33
|lat_sec = 41
|lat_dir = N
|lon_deg = 158
|lon_min = 14
|lon_sec = 21.2
|lon_dir = W
}}
{{Location map~ | World
|label = '''[[Maui Space Surveillance Complex|Maui SFS]]'''
| position = bottom
|mark = 15th Space Surveillance Squadron emblem.png
|marksize = 20
|label_size = 75
|label_width= 12
|lat_deg = 20
|lat_min = 42
|lat_sec = 30
|lat_dir = N
|lon_deg = 156
|lon_min = 15
|lon_sec = 26
|lon_dir = W
}}
{{Location map~ | World
|label = '''[[Pituffik Space Base|Pituffik SB]]'''
| position = right
|mark = USAF - 821st Air Base Group.png
|marksize = 20
|label_size = 75
|label_width= 12
|lat_deg = 76
|lat_min = 31
|lat_sec = 52
|lat_dir = N
|lon_deg = 68
|lon_min = 42
|lon_sec = 11
|lon_dir = W
}}
}}
}}
{| class="wikitable"
|+U.S. Space Force installations
!Name
!Location
!colspan=2|Garrison
|-
|[[Buckley Space Force Base]]
|[[Aurora, Colorado]]
|[[File:Emblem of Space Base Delta 2.svg|40px]]
|[[Space Base Delta 2]]
|-
|[[Peterson Space Force Base]]
|[[Colorado Springs]], [[Colorado]]
|[[File:Emblem of Space Base Delta 1.svg|40px]]
|[[Space Base Delta 1]]
|-
|[[Schriever Space Force Base]]
|[[Falcon]], [[Colorado]]
|[[File:Emblem of Space Base Delta 1.svg|40px]]
|[[Space Base Delta 1]]
|-
|[[Los Angeles Air Force Base]]
|[[El Segundo, California]]
|[[File:Space Base Delta 3 emblem.png|40px]]
|[[Space Base Delta 3]]
|-
|[[Patrick Space Force Base]]
|[[Satellite Beach]], [[Florida]]
|[[File:Space Launch Delta 45 emblem.png|40px]]
|[[Space Launch Delta 45]]
|-
|[[Vandenberg Space Force Base]]
|[[Lompoc]], [[California]]
|[[File:Space Launch Delta 30 emblem.png|40px]]
|[[Space Launch Delta 30]]
|-
|[[Cape Canaveral Space Force Station]]
|[[Cape Canaveral]], [[Florida]]
|[[File:Space Launch Delta 45 emblem.png|40px]]
|[[Space Launch Delta 45]]
|-
|[[Cheyenne Mountain Space Force Station]]
|[[Cheyenne Mountain]], [[Colorado]]
|[[File:Emblem of Space Base Delta 1.svg|40px]]
|[[Space Base Delta 1]]
|-
|[[Cape Cod Space Force Station]]
|[[Sagamore, Massachusetts]]
|[[File:6th Space Warning Squadron emblem.png|40px]]
|[[6th Space Warning Squadron]]
|-
|[[Cavalier Space Force Station]]
|[[Cavalier, North Dakota]]
|[[File:10th Space Warning Squadron emblem.png|40px]]
|[[10th Space Warning Squadron]]
|-
|[[Clear Space Force Station]]
|[[Clear, Alaska]]
|[[File:13th_Space_Warning_Squadron_emblem.png|40px]]
|[[13th Space Warning Squadron]]
|-
|[[Kaena Point Space Force Station]]
|[[Kaena Point]], [[Hawaii]]
|[[File:21st_Space_Operations_Squadron_emblem.png|40px]]
|[[21st Space Operations Squadron|21st Space Operations Squadron]]
|-
|[[New Boston Space Force Station]]
|[[Hillsborough County, New Hampshire]]
|[[File:23rd Space Operations Squadron emblem.png|40px]]
|[[23rd Space Operations Squadron]]
|-
|[[Maui Space Surveillance Complex|Maui Space Force Station]]
|[[Maui]], [[Hawaii]]
|[[File:15th Space Surveillance Squadron emblem.png|40px]]
|[[15th Space Surveillance Squadron]]
|-
|[[Pituffik Space Base]]
|[[Qaanaaq]], [[Greenland]]
|[[File:USAF - 821st Air Base Group.png|40px]]
|[[821st Space Base Group]]
|-
|}


Following the Space Force's establishment, calls have been made for the Department of the Air Force to be renamed to the '''Department of the Air and Space Forces''', reflecting the full range of its responsibilities across the [[U.S. Air Force]] and U.S. Space Force.<ref>{{Cite web|url = https://www.politico.com/newsletters/politico-space/2021/07/23/the-faas-top-space-official-outlines-progress-493703|title = The FAA's top space official outlines progress|website = [[Politico]]|date = 23 July 2021|access-date = 31 May 2023|archive-date = 31 May 2023|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20230531031236/https://www.politico.com/newsletters/politico-space/2021/07/23/the-faas-top-space-official-outlines-progress-493703|url-status = live}}</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20231205162857/https://www.afa.org/publications-news/news/2019-12-23/fighting-and-winning-in-space-with-our-new-u-s--space-force</ref> Congress previously explored renaming the




===Continental United States===
Installations and locations in the [[contiguous United States]].
{{Location map+ | USA
| width = 800
| float = center
| caption= U.S. Space Force installations and locations located within mainland United States.
{{Col-begin}}
{{Col-break}}
[[File:Location dot blue.svg|8px]] U.S. Space Force HQ<br>
[[File:Location dot purple.svg|8px]] U.S. Space Force FLDCOM HQ<br>
[[File:Location dot orange.svg|8px]] U.S. Space Force C-FLDCOM HQ<br>
{{Col-break}}
[[File:Location dot green.svg|8px]] U.S. Space Force Delta HQ / DRU<br>
[[File:Location dot black.svg|8px]] U.S. Space Force Base (SFB) / Station (SFS)<br>
[[File:Location dot red.svg|8px]] U.S. Space Force Sites <br>
{{Col-end}}
| relief =
| alt =
| places =
{{Location map~ | USA
|label = '''[[Beale Air Force Base|Beale AFB]]'''
| position = top
|label_width=8
|mark = Location dot red.svg
|label_size = 75
|lat_deg = 39
|lat_min = 08
|lat_sec = 10
|lat_dir = N
|lon_deg = 121
|lon_min = 26
|lon_sec = 11
|lon_dir = W
}}
{{Location map~ | USA
|label = '''[[Buckley Space Force Base|Buckley SFB]]'''
| position = top
|label_width=8
|mark = Location dot black.svg
|label_size = 75
|lat_deg = 39
|lat_min = 42
|lat_sec = 06
|lat_dir = N
|lon_deg = 104
|lon_min = 45
|lon_sec = 06
|lon_dir = W
}}
{{Location map~ | USA
|label = '''[[Cheyenne Mountain Space Force Station|Cheyenne Mountain SFS]]'''
|label_width=12
| position = bottom
|mark = Location dot black.svg
|label_size = 75
|lat_deg = 38
|lat_min = 44
|lat_sec = 37
|lat_dir = N
|lon_deg = 104
|lon_min = 50
|lon_sec = 48
|lon_dir = W
}}
{{Location map~ | USA
|label = '''[[Cape Canaveral Space Force Station|Cape Canaveral SFS]]'''
| position = top
|label_width= 10
|mark = Location dot black.svg
|label_size = 75
|lat_deg = 28
|lat_min = 29
|lat_sec = 20
|lat_dir = N
|lon_deg = 80
|lon_min = 34
|lon_sec = 40
|lon_dir = W
}}
{{Location map~ | USA
|label = '''[[Cape Cod Space Force Station|Cape Cod SFS]]'''
| position = left
|label_width=8
|mark = Location dot black.svg
|label_size = 75
|lat_deg = 41
|lat_min = 45
|lat_sec = 11.52
|lat_dir = N
|lon_deg = 70
|lon_min = 32
|lon_sec = 18.6
|lon_dir = W
}}
{{Location map~ | USA
|label = '''[[Cavalier Space Force Station|Cavalier SFS]]'''
| position = bottom
|label_width=8
|mark = Location dot black.svg
|label_size = 75
|lat_deg = 48
|lat_min = 43
|lat_sec = 55
|lat_dir = N
|lon_deg = 97
|lon_min = 54
|lon_sec = 16
|lon_dir = W
}}
{{Location map~ | USA
|label = '''[[Goodfellow AFB]]'''
| position = bottom
|label_width=8
|mark = Location dot red.svg
|label_size = 75
|lat_deg = 31
|lat_min = 25
|lat_sec = 46.6716
|lat_dir = N
|lon_deg = 100
|lon_min = 23
|lon_sec = 56
|lon_dir = W
}}
{{Location map~ | USA
|label = '''[[Keesler AFB]]'''
| position = left
|label_width=8
|mark = Location dot red.svg
|label_size = 75
|lat_deg = 30
|lat_min = 24
|lat_sec = 41
|lat_dir = N
|lon_deg = 088
|lon_min = 55
|lon_sec = 25
|lon_dir = W
}}
{{Location map~ | USA
|label = '''[[Kirtland Air Force Base|Kirtland AFB]]'''
| position = bottom
|label_width=8
|mark = Location dot green.svg
|label_size = 75
|lat_deg = 35
|lat_min = 02
|lat_sec = 25
|lat_dir = N
|lon_deg = 106
|lon_min = 36
|lon_sec = 33
|lon_dir = W
}}
{{Location map~ | USA
|label = '''[[Los Angeles Air Force Base|Los Angeles SFB]]'''
| position = bottom
|label_width=9
|mark = Location dot black.svg
|label_size = 75
|lat_deg = 33
|lat_min = 55
|lat_sec = 08.79
|lat_dir = N
|lon_deg = 118
|lon_min = 22
|lon_sec = 50
|lon_dir = W
}}
{{Location map~ | USA
|label = '''[[MacDill Air Force Base|MacDill AFB]]'''
|position = left
|label_width=10
|mark = Location dot orange.svg
|label_size = 75
|lat_deg = 27
|lat_min = 50
|lat_sec = 58
|lat_dir = N
|lon_deg = 082
|lon_min = 31
|lon_sec = 16
|lon_dir = W
}}
{{Location map~ | USA
|label = '''[[Maxwell Air Force Base|Maxwell AFB]]'''
|position = top
|label_width=10
|mark = Location dot green.svg
|label_size = 75
|lat_deg = 32
|lat_min = 22
|lat_sec = 45
|lat_dir = N
|lon_deg = 086
|lon_min = 21
|lon_sec = 45
|lon_dir = W
}}
{{Location map~ | USA
|label = '''[[Nellis Air Force Base|Nellis AFB]]'''
|position = top
|label_width=10
|mark = Location dot red.svg
|label_size = 75
|lat_deg = 36
|lat_min = 14
|lat_sec = 10
|lat_dir = N
|lon_deg = 115
|lon_min = 02
|lon_sec = 03
|lon_dir = W
}}
{{Location map~ | USA
|label = '''[[New Boston Space Force Station|New Boston SFS]]'''
|position = top
|label_width=10
|mark = Location dot black.svg
|label_size = 75
|lat_deg = 42
|lat_min = 56
|lat_sec = 48
|lat_dir = N
|lon_deg = 71
|lon_min = 37
|lon_sec = 41
|lon_dir = W
}}
{{Location map~ | USA
|label = '''[[Patrick Space Force Base|Patrick SFB]]'''
| position = right
|label_width=8
|mark = Location dot black.svg
|label_size = 75
|lat_deg = 28
|lat_min = 14
|lat_sec = 06
|lat_dir = N
|lon_deg = 80
|lon_min = 36
|lon_sec = 36
|lon_dir = W
}}
{{Location map~ | USA
|label = '''[[Peterson Space Force Base|Peterson SFB]]'''
|position = left
|label_width=8
|mark = Location dot black.svg
|label_size = 75
|lat_deg = 38
|lat_min = 49
|lat_sec = 25
|lat_dir = N
|lon_deg = 104
|lon_min = 41
|lon_sec = 42
|lon_dir = W
}}
{{Location map~ | USA
|label = '''[[Joint Base San Antonio|JB San Antonio]]'''
|position = right
|label_width=8
|mark = Location dot red.svg
|label_size = 75
|lat_deg = 29
|lat_min = 26
|lat_sec = 56
|lat_dir = N
|lon_deg = 98
|lon_min = 26
|lon_sec = 56
|lon_dir = W
}}
{{Location map~ | USA
|label = '''[[Schriever Space Force Base|Schriever SFB]]'''
|position = right
|label_width=8
|mark = Location dot black.svg
|label_size = 75
|lat_deg = 38
|lat_min = 48
|lat_sec = 12
|lat_dir = N
|lon_deg = 104
|lon_min = 31
|lon_sec = 32
|lon_dir = W
}}
{{Location map~ | USA
|label = '''[[The Pentagon]]'''
| position = top
|label_width=8
|mark = Location dot blue.svg
|label_size = 75
|lat_deg = 38
|lat_min = 52
|lat_sec = 15
|lat_dir = N
|lon_deg = 77
|lon_min = 03
|lon_sec = 18
|lon_dir = W
}}
{{Location map~ | USA
|label = '''[[United States Air Force Academy|USAFA]]'''
|position = top
|label_width=10
|mark = Location dot green.svg
|label_size = 75
|lat_deg = 38
|lat_min = 59
|lat_sec = 25
|lat_dir = N
|lon_deg = 104
|lon_min = 51
|lon_sec = 30
|lon_dir = W
}}
{{Location map~ | USA
|label = '''[[Vandenberg Space Force Base|Vandenberg SFB]]'''
|position = bottom
|label_width=10
|mark = Location dot black.svg
|label_size = 75
|lat_deg = 34
|lat_min = 43
|lat_sec = 57
|lat_dir = N
|lon_deg = 120
|lon_min = 34
|lon_sec = 05
|lon_dir = W
}}
{{Location map~ | USA
|label = '''[[Wright-Patterson Air Force Base|Wright-Patterson AFB]]'''
|position = left
|label_width=12
|mark = Location dot green.svg
|label_size = 75
|lat_deg = 39
|lat_min = 49
|lat_sec = 23
|lat_dir = N
|lon_deg = 084
|lon_min = 02
|lon_sec = 58
|lon_dir = W
}}
}}


<div style="width:100%; overflow:auto">
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+U.S. Space Force installations and locations within the contiguous United States
!Name
!Location
!State
!Space Base/Launch Delta or primary unit emblem
!Space Base/Launch Deta or primary unit
!Major units
|-
|[[Buckley Space Force Base]]
|[[Aurora, Colorado|Aurora]]
|[[Colorado]]
|[[File:Emblem of Space Base Delta 2.svg|60px|center]]
|[[Space Base Delta 2]]
|
*[[Space Delta 4]]
*[[Aerospace Data Facility-Colorado|Aerospace Data Facility-Colorado / Space Delta 20]]
*[[Joint Overhead Persistent Infrared Center]]
|-
|[[Peterson Space Force Base]]
|[[Colorado Springs]]
|[[Colorado]]
|[[File:Emblem of Space Base Delta 1.svg|60px|center]]
|[[Space Base Delta 1]]
|
*[[United States Space Command]]
*[[United States Northern Command]]
*[[North American Aerospace Defense Command]]
*[[Space Operations Command]]
*[[Space Training and Readiness Command]]
*[[Space Delta 2]]
*[[Space Delta 3]]
*[[Space Delta 7]]
|-
|[[Schriever Space Force Base]]
|[[Colorado Springs]]
|[[Colorado]]
|[[File:Emblem of Space Base Delta 1.svg|60px|center]]
|[[Space Base Delta 1]]
|
*[[Space Delta 6]]
*[[Space Delta 8]]
*[[Space Delta 9]]
*[[Space Delta 11]]
*[[Space Delta 12]]
*[[Space Delta 15]] / [[National Space Defense Center]]
|-
|[[Los Angeles Air Force Base]]
|[[El Segundo, California|El Segundo]]
|[[California]]
|[[File:Space Base Delta 3 emblem.png|60px|center]]
|[[Space Base Delta 3]]
|[[Space Systems Command]]
|-
|[[Patrick Space Force Base]]
|[[Satellite Beach]]
|[[Florida]]
|[[File:Space Launch Delta 45 emblem.png|60px|center]]
|[[Space Launch Delta 45]]
|[[Air Force Technical Applications Center]]
|-
|[[Vandenberg Space Force Base]]
|[[Lompoc]]
|[[California]]
|[[File:Space Launch Delta 30 emblem.png|60px|center]]
|[[Space Launch Delta 30]]
|
*[[United States Space Forces - Space]]
*[[Space Delta 1]]
*[[Space Delta 5]] / [[Combined Space Operations Center]]
|-
|[[Cape Canaveral Space Force Station]]
|[[Cape Canaveral]]
|[[Florida]]
|[[File:Space Launch Delta 45 emblem.png|60px|center]]
|[[Space Launch Delta 45]]
|
|-
|[[Cheyenne Mountain Space Force Station]]
|[[Cheyenne Mountain]]
|[[Colorado]]
|[[File:Emblem of Space Base Delta 1.svg|60px|center]]
|[[Space Base Delta 1]]
|
*[[Missile Warning Center]]
|-
|[[Cape Cod Space Force Station]]
|[[Sagamore, Massachusetts|Sagamore]]
|[[Massachusetts]]
|[[File:6th Space Warning Squadron emblem.png|60px|center]]
|[[6th Space Warning Squadron]]
|
|-
|[[Cavalier Space Force Station]]
|[[Cavalier, North Dakota|Cavalier]]
|[[North Dakota]]
|[[File:10th Space Warning Squadron emblem.png|60px|center]]
|[[10th Space Warning Squadron]]
|
|-
|[[New Boston Space Force Station]]
|[[Hillsborough County, New Hampshire|Hillsborough County]]
|[[New Hampshire]]
|[[File:23rd Space Operations Squadron emblem.png|60px|center]]
|[[23rd Space Operations Squadron]]
|
|}
</div>


=== Overseas ===
{{Location map+|World|width=600|float=center|caption=U.S. Space Force installations and locations outside of the contiguous United States.
{{Col-begin}}
{{Col-break}}
[[File:Location dot grey.svg|8px]] [[Space Operations Command]]
{{Col-end}}|relief=1|alt=|places=


Following the United States Space Force's establishment, calls have been made for the Department of the Air Force to rename itself the '''Department of the Air and Space Forces''' to acknowledge the Space Force, similar to calls made for the [[United States Department of the Navy|Department of the Navy]] to rename itself the Department of the Navy and Marine Corps.
{{Location map~ | World
|label = '''[[Clear Space Force Station|Clear]]'''
| position = left
|mark = Location dot grey.svg
|label_size = 75
|lat_deg = 64
|lat_min = 17
|lat_sec = 26
|lat_dir = N
|lon_deg = 149
|lon_min = 11
|lon_sec = 13
|lon_dir = W
}}


[[SpaceNews]] reported that a proposed name change was considered in 2018 and in 2019 the [[Air Force Association]] also called for renaming the department.<ref>{{Cite web|url = https://spacenews.com/space-force-proposal-could-create-a-broader-military-department-for-both-air-and-space/|title = Space Force proposal could create a broader military department for both air and space|date = 30 November 2018|access-date = 31 May 2023|archive-date = 1 July 2023|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20230701210603/https://spacenews.com/space-force-proposal-could-create-a-broader-military-department-for-both-air-and-space/|url-status = live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.afa.org/publications-news/news/2019-12-23/fighting-and-winning-in-space-with-our-new-u-s--space-force|title=Fighting and Winning in Space with Our New U.S. Space Force {{pipe}} Air Force Association|access-date=3 December 2020|archive-date=4 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210504073722/https://www.afa.org/publications-news/news/2019-12-23/fighting-and-winning-in-space-with-our-new-u-s--space-force|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2022, the Air Force Association renamed itself the [[Air & Space Forces Association]], internally acting on its proposal to reflect the Space Force in the organization's name.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.afa.org/news/afa-rebrands-become-air-space-forces-association | title=AFA Rebrands to Become the Air & Space Forces Association |publisher=Air & Space Forces Association | date=7 April 2022 | access-date=31 May 2023 | archive-date=31 May 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230531031235/https://www.afa.org/news/afa-rebrands-become-air-space-forces-association | url-status=live }}</ref> In a 2021 article in the [[Space Force Association|Space Force Journal]], two Space Force officers also proposed a name change for the department.<ref>{{Cite web|url = https://www.politico.com/newsletters/politico-space/2021/07/23/the-faas-top-space-official-outlines-progress-493703|title = The FAA's top space official outlines progress|website = [[Politico]]|date = 23 July 2021|access-date = 31 May 2023|archive-date = 31 May 2023|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20230531031236/https://www.politico.com/newsletters/politico-space/2021/07/23/the-faas-top-space-official-outlines-progress-493703|url-status = live}}</ref>
{{Location map~ | World
|label = '''[[Kaena Point Space Force Station|Ka{{okina}}ena Point]]'''
| position = top
|mark = Location dot grey.svg
|label_size = 75
|lat_deg = 21
|lat_min = 33
|lat_sec = 41
|lat_dir = N
|lon_deg = 158
|lon_min = 14
|lon_sec = 21.2
|lon_dir = W
}}



{{Location map~ | World

|label = '''[[Maui Space Surveillance Complex|Maui]]'''
==Relationships with other space organizations==
| position = right
===Department of the Air Force and U.S. Air Force===
|mark = Location dot grey.svg
{{main|United States Department of the Air Force|United States Air Force}}
|label_size = 75
{{Image frame|align=left |total_width=100|content=[[File:US Air Force Logo Solid Colour.svg|100px]]|border=no}}
|lat_deg = 20

|lat_min = 42

|lat_sec = 30
[[File:Starfire Optical Range telescope.jpg|thumb|The [[Air Force Research Laboratory]]'s [[Starfire Optical Range]], used for real-time high-fidelity tracking and imaging of satellites]]
|lat_dir = N

|lon_deg = 156

|lon_min = 15
===National Aeronautics and Space Administration===
|lon_sec = 26
{{main|NASA|List of United States Space Force astronauts}}
|lon_dir = W
{{Image frame|align=left |total_width=100|content=[[File:NASA logo.svg|100px]]|border=no}}

The U.S. Space Force and its antecedents have a long history of cooperation with [[NASA]], as the lead government agencies for military and civil spaceflight. The Space Force's predecessors in the Air Force, Navy, and Army provided NASA with its early space launch vehicles and most of its astronauts.<ref name="auto2">{{Cite web |url=https://media.defense.gov/2011/Jan/25/2001330110/-1/-1/0/AFD-110125-038.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=19 January 2021 |archive-date=27 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201027201807/https://media.defense.gov/2011/Jan/25/2001330110/-1/-1/0/AFD-110125-038.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>

{{multiple image
| width = 100
| image1 = Mike Hopkins official portrait 2020 (cropped).jpg
| image2 = Col Tyler N. Hague.jpg
| footer = The Space Force's first two astronauts, Colonel [[Michael S. Hopkins]] (left) and Colonel [[Nick Hague]] (right)
}}
}}


The Space Force hosts NASA launch operations at [[Vandenberg Space Force Base]] and [[Cape Canaveral Space Force Station]].<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.vandenberg.spaceforce.mil/About-Us/ | title=About Us | access-date=31 May 2023 | archive-date=31 May 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230531223348/https://www.vandenberg.spaceforce.mil/About-Us/ | url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.patrick.spaceforce.mil/Portals/14/SLD%2045%20Fact%20Sheet%20Brochure%20-May%2031%202022_1.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=31 May 2023 |archive-date=31 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230531223355/https://www.patrick.spaceforce.mil/Portals/14/SLD%2045%20Fact%20Sheet%20Brochure%20-May%2031%202022_1.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> NASA occasionally hosts U.S. Space Force heavy launches out of [[Kennedy Space Center]].<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.orlandosentinel.com/2023/01/15/pictures-spacex-falcon-heavy-launch-on-ussf-67/ | title=Pictures: SpaceX Falcon Heavy launch on USSF-67 | date=15 January 2023 | access-date=31 May 2023 | archive-date=31 May 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230531223347/https://www.orlandosentinel.com/2023/01/15/pictures-spacex-falcon-heavy-launch-on-ussf-67/ | url-status=live }}</ref> The Space Force continues to support NASA's human spaceflight missions with range support of [[Space Launch Delta 45]] and tracks threats to the [[International Space Station]] and other crewed spacecraft.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.nasa.gov/centers/kennedy/home/eastern_range.html | title=NASA - What is the "Range?" | access-date=31 May 2023 | archive-date=26 April 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230426194022/https://www.nasa.gov/centers/kennedy/home/eastern_range.html | url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/news/orbital_debris.html | title=Space Debris and Human Spacecraft | date=13 April 2015 | access-date=31 May 2023 | archive-date=22 March 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220322131144/https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/news/orbital_debris.html | url-status=live }}</ref>
{{Location map~ | World

|label = '''[[Pituffik Space Base|Pituffik]]'''
The Space Force and NASA partner on matters such as [[space domain awareness]] and [[planetary defense]].<ref>{{cite web|last=Smith|first=Marcia|date=5 May 2020|title=NASA and Space Force to Work Together on Planetary Defense|url=https://spacepolicyonline.com/news/nasa-and-space-force-to-work-together-on-planetary-defense/|access-date=2 February 2021|website=SpacePolicyOnline.com|language=en-US|archive-date=26 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210226165823/https://spacepolicyonline.com/news/nasa-and-space-force-to-work-together-on-planetary-defense/|url-status=live}}</ref> Space Force members can be NASA astronauts, with Colonel [[Michael S. Hopkins]], the commander of [[SpaceX Crew-1]], commissioned into the Space Force from the [[International Space Station]] on 18 December 2020.<ref name="Erwin-2020"/><ref name="Erwin-2020a"/><ref name="Kramer-2020"/>
| position = top

|mark = Location dot grey.svg
===National Reconnaissance Office===
|label_size = 75
{{main|National Reconnaissance Office}}
|lat_deg = 76
{{Image frame|align=left |total_width=100|content=[[File:NRO.svg|100px]]|border=no}}
|lat_min = 31

|lat_sec = 52
The [[National Reconnaissance Office]] (NRO) is a Department of Defense agency and a member of the [[United States Intelligence Community]], responsible for designing, building, launching, and maintaining intelligence satellites.<ref>{{cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=About the NRO: Develop. Acquire. Launch. Operate.|url=https://www.nro.gov/About-NRO/|access-date=|website=National Reconnaissance Office|archive-date=28 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201128045346/https://www.nro.gov/About-NRO/|url-status=live}}</ref> The Space Force executes National Reconnaissance Office space launches and consists of 40% of the agency's personnel.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.c4isrnet.com/battlefield-tech/space/2020/11/16/national-reconnaissance-office-launches-new-intelligence-satellite/|title=National Reconnaissance Office launches new intelligence satellite|first=Nathan|last=Strout|date=16 November 2020|website=C4ISRNET|access-date=3 December 2020|archive-date=2 December 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201202042922/https://www.c4isrnet.com/battlefield-tech/space/2020/11/16/national-reconnaissance-office-launches-new-intelligence-satellite/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.space.com/space-force-nrol-129-spy-satellite-launch-webcast.html|title=The Space Force will launch 4 secret satellites from Virginia Wednesday and you can watch it live|first=Tariq Malik 14|last=July 2020|website=Space.com|date=14 July 2020|access-date=3 December 2020|archive-date=1 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201101014236/https://www.space.com/space-force-nrol-129-spy-satellite-launch-webcast.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.defensenews.com/pentagon/2019/04/11/national-reconnaissance-office-could-join-space-force-down-the-road-shanahan-says/|title=National Reconnaissance Office could join Space Force down the road, Shanahan says|first=Aaron Mehta, Joe|last=Gould|date=11 April 2019|website=Defense News|access-date=3 December 2020|archive-date=1 July 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230701210605/https://www.defensenews.com/pentagon/2019/04/11/national-reconnaissance-office-could-join-space-force-down-the-road-shanahan-says/|url-status=live}}</ref> Proposals have been put forward, including by the [[Air Force Association]] and retired Air Force Lieutenant General [[David Deptula]], to merge the NRO into the Space Force, transforming it into a Space Force Intelligence, Reconnaissance, and Surveillance Command and consolidating the entire national security space apparatus in the Space Force.<ref>{{cite web|last=Hitchens|first=Theresa|date=22 April 2020|title=Battle For NRO Takes Shape As Space, Air Forces Grapple With Acquisition|url=https://breakingdefense.com/2020/04/battle-for-nro-takes-shape-as-space-air-forces-grapple-with-acquisition/|access-date=3 February 2021|website=Breaking Defense|language=en-US|archive-date=8 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210208013812/https://breakingdefense.com/2020/04/battle-for-nro-takes-shape-as-space-air-forces-grapple-with-acquisition/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Wright|first=Bruce "Orville"|date=23 December 2019|title=Fighting and Winning in Space with Our New U.S. Space Force|url=https://www.afa.org/publications-news/news/2019-12-23/fighting-and-winning-in-space-with-our-new-u-s--space-force|access-date=3 February 2021|website=Air Force Association|archive-date=4 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210504073722/https://www.afa.org/publications-news/news/2019-12-23/fighting-and-winning-in-space-with-our-new-u-s--space-force|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Deptula|first=Dave|date=18 May 2020|title=Setting Up The Space Force For Success|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/davedeptula/2020/05/18/setting-up-the-space-force-for-success/|access-date=3 February 2021|website=Forbes|archive-date=7 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210207071700/https://www.forbes.com/sites/davedeptula/2020/05/18/setting-up-the-space-force-for-success/|url-status=live}}</ref>
|lat_dir = N

|lon_deg = 68
[[File:Rocket Launch 201211-X-DM484-001M.jpg|thumb|Launch of the NROL-44 mission from [[Cape Canaveral Space Force Station]]]]
|lon_min = 42

|lon_sec = 11
The USSF's [[Space Systems Command]] (SSC), in partnership with the [[National Reconnaissance Office]], manages the [[National Security Space Launch]] (NSSL) program, which uses government and [[Private spaceflight|contract spacecraft]] to launch sensitive [[Federal government of the United States|government]] [[payloads]].<ref name=NDM1>{{cite news |last=Tadjdeh |first=Yasmin |date=20 July 2021 |title=JUST IN: National Reconnaissance Office Embracing Commercial Tech |url=https://www.nationaldefensemagazine.org/articles/2021/7/20/national-reconnaissance-office-embracing-commercial-tech |work=[[National Defense Industrial Association#National Defense magazine|National Defense Magazine]] |access-date=21 July 2021 |archive-date=20 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210720210743/https://www.nationaldefensemagazine.org/articles/2021/7/20/national-reconnaissance-office-embracing-commercial-tech |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=CRS1>{{Cite news|last=McCall|first=Stephen|date=30 December 2020|title=Defense Primer: National Security Space Launch|work=[[Congressional Research Service]]|url=https://fas.org/sgp/crs/natsec/IF11531.pdf|access-date=21 July 2021|archive-date=10 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210710211710/https://fas.org/sgp/crs/natsec/IF11531.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> NSSL supports both the USSF and NRO.<ref name=CRS1/> NRO director Scolese has characterized his agency as critical to American space dominance and the Space Force, stating that NRO provides "unrivaled situational awareness and intelligence to the best [[Imagery intelligence|imagery]] and [[Signals intelligence|signals data]] on the planet."<ref name=NDM1/> Additionally, in August 2021, former NRO deputy director Lt Gen [[Michael Guetlein]] became commander of Space Systems Command.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.c4isrnet.com/battlefield-tech/space/2021/07/14/biden-nominates-deputy-director-of-the-national-reconnaissance-office-to-lead-new-space-systems-command/ |title=Biden nominates deputy director of the National Reconnaissance Office to lead new Space Systems Command |last=Strout |first=Nathan |publisher=[[Defense News]] |date=14 July 2021 |website=[[C4ISRNET]] |access-date=17 July 2021 |archive-date=14 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210814034453/https://www.c4isrnet.com/battlefield-tech/space/2021/07/14/biden-nominates-deputy-director-of-the-national-reconnaissance-office-to-lead-new-space-systems-command/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
|lon_dir = W

}}
===National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration===
}}
{{main|National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration}}
{{Image frame|align=left |total_width=100|content=[[File:NOAA logo.svg|100px]]|border=no}}
The Space Force and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) jointly operate the military's weather satellites.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://spacenews.com/space-force-weather-ams/ | title=U.S. Space Force considers a second NOAA weather satellite | date=12 January 2023 | access-date=31 May 2023 | archive-date=1 July 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230701210610/https://spacenews.com/space-force-weather-ams/ | url-status=live }}</ref> Additionally, NOAA's [[Office of Space Commerce]] is responsible for civilian [[space situational awareness]] and [[space traffic management]].<ref>{{cite web | url=https://spacenews.com/noaa-seeking-information-on-commercial-space-situational-awareness-data/ | title=NOAA seeking information on commercial space situational awareness data | date=23 February 2022 | access-date=31 May 2023 | archive-date=1 July 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230701210604/https://spacenews.com/noaa-seeking-information-on-commercial-space-situational-awareness-data/ | url-status=live }}</ref>


The decision to transition space traffic management from the military to the Department of Commerce was made due to the significant growth in commercial spacecraft and to mirror how the [[Federal Aviation Administration]], rather than the U.S. Air Force, handles air traffic management.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://spacenews.com/space-force-official-we-need-the-commerce-departments-space-traffic-office-to-be-successful/ | title=Space Force official: We need the Commerce Department's space traffic office to be successful | date=7 November 2022 | access-date=31 May 2023 | archive-date=1 July 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230701210616/https://spacenews.com/space-force-official-we-need-the-commerce-departments-space-traffic-office-to-be-successful/ | url-status=live }}</ref>
<div style="width:100%; overflow:auto">
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+U.S. Space Force installations and locations outside of the contiguous United States
!Name
!Location
!Space Base Delta or primary unit emblem
!Space Base Delta or primary unit
!Major units
|-
|[[Clear Space Force Station]]
|{{Flag|United States}} ([[Alaska]])
|[[File:13th_Space_Warning_Squadron_emblem.png|60px|center]]
|[[13th Space Warning Squadron]]
|
|-
|[[Kaena Point Space Force Station]]
|{{Flag|United States}} ([[Hawaii]])
|[[File:21st_Space_Operations_Squadron_emblem.png|60px|center]]
|[[21st Space Operations Squadron|21st Space Operations Squadron (Detachment 3)]]
|
|-
|[[Maui Space Surveillance Complex]]
|{{Flag|United States}} ([[Hawaii]])
|[[File:15th Space Surveillance Squadron emblem.png|60px|center]]
|[[15th Space Surveillance Squadron]]<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.spacebasedelta1.spaceforce.mil/Maui-Hawaii/ | title=Maui, Hawaii | access-date=29 May 2023 | archive-date=22 May 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230522071416/https://www.spacebasedelta1.spaceforce.mil/Maui-Hawaii/ | url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|[[Pituffik Space Base]]
|{{Flagdeco|Greenland}} [[Greenland]]
|[[File:USAF - 821st Air Base Group.png|60px|center]]
|[[821st Space Base Group]]
|[[12th Space Warning Squadron]]
|-
|}
</div>

Revision as of 17:11, 2 August 2024

Future

Department of the Space Force

As the United States Space Force matures, and as national security requires, it will become necessary to create a separate military department, to be known as the Department of the Space Force.

— Space Policy Directive-4, 2019[1]

The Space Force is currently organized as a service under the Department of the Air Force, mirroring the U.S. Marine Corps position within the Department of the Navy. The current construct more closely mirrors proposals for a Space Corps within the Department of the Air Force, rather than a fully independent Department of the Space Force. Senator Bob Smith, the 2001 Rumsfeld Commission, and 2008 Allard Commission each envisioned that a Space Corps within the Department of the Air Force would serve as a steppingstone towards a separate Department of the Space Force.[2]

Space Policy Directive-4 directed the Space Force be initially established under the Department of the Air Force as a first step towards an independent Department of the Space Force. The Department of the Space Force would take over space responsibilities from the Department of the Air Force and the Secretary of Defense was directed to conduct periodic reviews to determine when to recommend the President seek legislation to establish that department.[3]

Department of the Air and Space Forces

Following the Space Force's establishment, calls have been made for the Department of the Air Force to be renamed to the Department of the Air and Space Forces, reflecting the full range of its responsibilities across the U.S. Air Force and U.S. Space Force.[4][5] Congress previously explored renaming the



Following the United States Space Force's establishment, calls have been made for the Department of the Air Force to rename itself the Department of the Air and Space Forces to acknowledge the Space Force, similar to calls made for the Department of the Navy to rename itself the Department of the Navy and Marine Corps.

SpaceNews reported that a proposed name change was considered in 2018 and in 2019 the Air Force Association also called for renaming the department.[6][7] In 2022, the Air Force Association renamed itself the Air & Space Forces Association, internally acting on its proposal to reflect the Space Force in the organization's name.[8] In a 2021 article in the Space Force Journal, two Space Force officers also proposed a name change for the department.[9]


Relationships with other space organizations

Department of the Air Force and U.S. Air Force

Main articles: United States Department of the Air Force and United States Air Force


The Air Force Research Laboratory's Starfire Optical Range, used for real-time high-fidelity tracking and imaging of satellites


National Aeronautics and Space Administration

Main articles: NASA and List of United States Space Force astronauts

The U.S. Space Force and its antecedents have a long history of cooperation with NASA, as the lead government agencies for military and civil spaceflight. The Space Force's predecessors in the Air Force, Navy, and Army provided NASA with its early space launch vehicles and most of its astronauts.[10]

The Space Force's first two astronauts, Colonel Michael S. Hopkins (left) and Colonel Nick Hague (right)

The Space Force hosts NASA launch operations at Vandenberg Space Force Base and Cape Canaveral Space Force Station.[11][12] NASA occasionally hosts U.S. Space Force heavy launches out of Kennedy Space Center.[13] The Space Force continues to support NASA's human spaceflight missions with range support of Space Launch Delta 45 and tracks threats to the International Space Station and other crewed spacecraft.[14][15]

The Space Force and NASA partner on matters such as space domain awareness and planetary defense.[16] Space Force members can be NASA astronauts, with Colonel Michael S. Hopkins, the commander of SpaceX Crew-1, commissioned into the Space Force from the International Space Station on 18 December 2020.[17][18][19]

National Reconnaissance Office

Main article: National Reconnaissance Office

The National Reconnaissance Office (NRO) is a Department of Defense agency and a member of the United States Intelligence Community, responsible for designing, building, launching, and maintaining intelligence satellites.[20] The Space Force executes National Reconnaissance Office space launches and consists of 40% of the agency's personnel.[21][22][23] Proposals have been put forward, including by the Air Force Association and retired Air Force Lieutenant General David Deptula, to merge the NRO into the Space Force, transforming it into a Space Force Intelligence, Reconnaissance, and Surveillance Command and consolidating the entire national security space apparatus in the Space Force.[24][25][26]

Launch of the NROL-44 mission from Cape Canaveral Space Force Station

The USSF's Space Systems Command (SSC), in partnership with the National Reconnaissance Office, manages the National Security Space Launch (NSSL) program, which uses government and contract spacecraft to launch sensitive government payloads.[27][28] NSSL supports both the USSF and NRO.[28] NRO director Scolese has characterized his agency as critical to American space dominance and the Space Force, stating that NRO provides "unrivaled situational awareness and intelligence to the best imagery and signals data on the planet."[27] Additionally, in August 2021, former NRO deputy director Lt Gen Michael Guetlein became commander of Space Systems Command.[29]

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration

Main article: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration

The Space Force and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) jointly operate the military's weather satellites.[30] Additionally, NOAA's Office of Space Commerce is responsible for civilian space situational awareness and space traffic management.[31]

The decision to transition space traffic management from the military to the Department of Commerce was made due to the significant growth in commercial spacecraft and to mirror how the Federal Aviation Administration, rather than the U.S. Air Force, handles air traffic management.[32]

  1. ^ https://www.spaceforce.mil/About-Us/SPD-4/
  2. ^ https://www.afhistory.af.mil/Portals/64/Books/Titles/Space%20Force%20Origins.pdf
  3. ^ https://www.spaceforce.mil/About-Us/SPD-4/
  4. ^ "The FAA's top space official outlines progress". Politico. 23 July 2021. Archived from the original on 31 May 2023. Retrieved 31 May 2023.
  5. ^ https://web.archive.org/web/20231205162857/https://www.afa.org/publications-news/news/2019-12-23/fighting-and-winning-in-space-with-our-new-u-s--space-force
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