Jump to content

Left ventricular mass: Difference between revisions

Add links
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Browse history interactively
← Previous editNext edit →
Content deleted Content added
VisualWikitext
mNo edit summary
mNo edit summary
Line 5: Line 5:
LVM is usually estimated using linear measurements obtained from [[echocardiography]],<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Lang |first=Roberto M. |last2=Badano |first2=Luigi P. |last3=Mor-Avi |first3=Victor |last4=Afilalo |first4=Jonathan |last5=Armstrong |first5=Anderson |last6=Ernande |first6=Laura |last7=Flachskampf |first7=Frank A. |last8=Foster |first8=Elyse |last9=Goldstein |first9=Steven A. |last10=Kuznetsova |first10=Tatiana |last11=Lancellotti |first11=Patrizio |last12=Muraru |first12=Denisa |last13=Picard |first13=Michael H. |last14=Rietzschel |first14=Ernst R. |last15=Rudski |first15=Lawrence |date=January 2015 |title=Recommendations for Cardiac Chamber Quantification by Echocardiography in Adults: An Update from the American Society of Echocardiography and the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging |url=https://doi.org/10.1016/j.echo.2014.10.003 |journal=Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography |volume=28 |issue=1 |pages=1–39.e14 |doi=10.1016/j.echo.2014.10.003 |issn=0894-7317}}</ref> but can also be calculated using [[CT scan|CT]] or [[Magnetic resonance imaging|MRI]] images.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Myerson |first=Saul G. |last2=Bellenger |first2=Nicholas G. |last3=Pennell |first3=Dudley J. |date=March 2002 |title=Assessment of Left Ventricular Mass by Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance |url=https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/hy0302.104674 |journal=Hypertension |language=en |volume=39 |issue=3 |pages=750–755 |doi=10.1161/hy0302.104674 |issn=0194-911X}}</ref> [[Aging]] related [[Ventricular remodeling|remodeling]] of the left ventricle's geometry can lead to a discordancy between CT and echocardiographic based measurements of LVM.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Stokar |first=Joshua |last2=Leibowitz |first2=David |last3=Durst |first3=Ronen |last4=Shaham |first4=Dorith |last5=Zwas |first5=Donna R. |date=2019-10-24 |title=Echocardiography overestimates LV mass in the elderly as compared to cardiac CT |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6812823/ |journal=PLoS ONE |volume=14 |issue=10 |pages=e0224104 |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0224104 |issn=1932-6203 |pmc=6812823 |pmid=31648248}}</ref>
LVM is usually estimated using linear measurements obtained from [[echocardiography]],<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Lang |first=Roberto M. |last2=Badano |first2=Luigi P. |last3=Mor-Avi |first3=Victor |last4=Afilalo |first4=Jonathan |last5=Armstrong |first5=Anderson |last6=Ernande |first6=Laura |last7=Flachskampf |first7=Frank A. |last8=Foster |first8=Elyse |last9=Goldstein |first9=Steven A. |last10=Kuznetsova |first10=Tatiana |last11=Lancellotti |first11=Patrizio |last12=Muraru |first12=Denisa |last13=Picard |first13=Michael H. |last14=Rietzschel |first14=Ernst R. |last15=Rudski |first15=Lawrence |date=January 2015 |title=Recommendations for Cardiac Chamber Quantification by Echocardiography in Adults: An Update from the American Society of Echocardiography and the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging |url=https://doi.org/10.1016/j.echo.2014.10.003 |journal=Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography |volume=28 |issue=1 |pages=1–39.e14 |doi=10.1016/j.echo.2014.10.003 |issn=0894-7317}}</ref> but can also be calculated using [[CT scan|CT]] or [[Magnetic resonance imaging|MRI]] images.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Myerson |first=Saul G. |last2=Bellenger |first2=Nicholas G. |last3=Pennell |first3=Dudley J. |date=March 2002 |title=Assessment of Left Ventricular Mass by Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance |url=https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/hy0302.104674 |journal=Hypertension |language=en |volume=39 |issue=3 |pages=750–755 |doi=10.1161/hy0302.104674 |issn=0194-911X}}</ref> [[Aging]] related [[Ventricular remodeling|remodeling]] of the left ventricle's geometry can lead to a discordancy between CT and echocardiographic based measurements of LVM.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Stokar |first=Joshua |last2=Leibowitz |first2=David |last3=Durst |first3=Ronen |last4=Shaham |first4=Dorith |last5=Zwas |first5=Donna R. |date=2019-10-24 |title=Echocardiography overestimates LV mass in the elderly as compared to cardiac CT |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6812823/ |journal=PLoS ONE |volume=14 |issue=10 |pages=e0224104 |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0224104 |issn=1932-6203 |pmc=6812823 |pmid=31648248}}</ref>


Published normal ranges for LVMi are 49–115 g/m2 for men and 43–95 g/m2 for women.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Ponikowski |first=Piotr |last2=Voors |first2=Adriaan A. |last3=Anker |first3=Stefan D. |last4=Bueno |first4=Héctor |last5=Cleland |first5=John G. F. |last6=Coats |first6=Andrew J. S. |last7=Falk |first7=Volkmar |last8=González-Juanatey |first8=José Ramón |last9=Harjola |first9=Veli-Pekka |last10=Jankowska |first10=Ewa A. |last11=Jessup |first11=Mariell |last12=Linde |first12=Cecilia |last13=Nihoyannopoulos |first13=Petros |last14=Parissis |first14=John T. |last15=Pieske |first15=Burkert |date=2016-07-14 |title=2016 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure: The Task Force for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC)Developed with the special contribution of the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the ESC |url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27206819/ |journal=European Heart Journal |volume=37 |issue=27 |pages=2129–2200 |doi=10.1093/eurheartj/ehw128 |issn=1522-9645 |pmid=27206819}}</ref> [[left ventricular hypertrophy]] (LVH) is defined as an abnormal increase in LVM, an important independent [[risk factor]] for [[Cardiovascular disease|cardiovascular morbidity]] and mortality.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Levy |first=Daniel |last2=Garrison |first2=Robert J. |last3=Savage |first3=Daniel D. |last4=Kannel |first4=William B. |last5=Castelli |first5=William P. |date=1990-05-31 |title=Prognostic Implications of Echocardiographically Determined Left Ventricular Mass in the Framingham Heart Study |url=http://www.nejm.org/doi/abs/10.1056/NEJM199005313222203 |journal=New England Journal of Medicine |language=en |volume=322 |issue=22 |pages=1561–1566 |doi=10.1056/NEJM199005313222203 |issn=0028-4793}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Kawel-Boehm |first=Nadine |last2=Kronmal |first2=Richard |last3=Eng |first3=John |last4=Folsom |first4=Aaron |last5=Burke |first5=Gregory |last6=Carr |first6=J. Jeffrey |last7=Shea |first7=Steven |last8=Lima |first8=João A. C. |last9=Bluemke |first9=David A. |date=October 2019 |title=Left Ventricular Mass at MRI and Long-term Risk of Cardiovascular Events: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) |url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31453766/ |journal=Radiology |volume=293 |issue=1 |pages=107–114 |doi=10.1148/radiol.2019182871 |issn=1527-1315 |pmc=6776886 |pmid=31453766}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Laukkanen |first=Jari A. |last2=Khan |first2=Hassan |last3=Kurl |first3=Sudhir |last4=Willeit |first4=Peter |last5=Karppi |first5=Jouni |last6=Ronkainen |first6=Kimmo |last7=Di Angelantonio |first7=Emanuele |date=2014-12-17 |title=Left Ventricular Mass and the Risk of Sudden Cardiac Death: A Population‐Based Study |url=https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/JAHA.114.001285 |journal=Journal of the American Heart Association |language=en |volume=3 |issue=6 |doi=10.1161/JAHA.114.001285 |issn=2047-9980 |pmc=4338721 |pmid=25376188}}</ref> LVM is has also been found to an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease even within the normal limits.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Schillaci |first=Giuseppe |last2=Verdecchia |first2=Paolo |last3=Porcellati |first3=Carlo |last4=Cuccurullo |first4=Olga |last5=Cosco |first5=Carmela |last6=Perticone |first6=Francesco |date=February 2000 |title=Continuous Relation Between Left Ventricular Mass and Cardiovascular Risk in Essential Hypertension |url=https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/01.HYP.35.2.580 |journal=Hypertension |language=en |volume=35 |issue=2 |pages=580–586 |doi=10.1161/01.HYP.35.2.580 |issn=0194-911X}}</ref> A reduction in LVM following [[Antihypertensive drug|antihypertensive treatment]] or [[Aortic valve replacement|aortic vale replacement]] is associated with a reduced rate of complications.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Koren |first=M |date=December 2002 |title=Left ventricular mass change during treatment and outcome in patients with essential hypertension |url=https://doi.org/10.1016/S0895-7061(02)03061-3 |journal=American Journal of Hypertension |volume=15 |issue=12 |pages=1021–1028 |doi=10.1016/s0895-7061(02)03061-3 |issn=0895-7061}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Hatani |first=Takeshi |last2=Kitai |first2=Takeshi |last3=Murai |first3=Ryosuke |last4=Kim |first4=Kitae |last5=Ehara |first5=Natsuhiko |last6=Kobori |first6=Atsushi |last7=Kinoshita |first7=Makoto |last8=Kaji |first8=Shuichiro |last9=Tani |first9=Tomoko |last10=Sasaki |first10=Yasuhiro |last11=Yamane |first11=Takafumi |last12=Koyama |first12=Tadaaki |last13=Nasu |first13=Michihiro |last14=Okada |first14=Yukikatsu |last15=Furukawa |first15=Yutaka |date=September 2016 |title=Associations of residual left ventricular and left atrial remodeling with clinical outcomes in patients after aortic valve replacement for severe aortic stenosis |url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26527112/ |journal=Journal of Cardiology |volume=68 |issue=3 |pages=241–247 |doi=10.1016/j.jjcc.2015.09.017 |issn=1876-4738 |pmid=26527112}}</ref>
Published normal ranges for LVMi are 49–115 g/m2 for men and 43–95 g/m2 for women.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Ponikowski |first=Piotr |last2=Voors |first2=Adriaan A. |last3=Anker |first3=Stefan D. |last4=Bueno |first4=Héctor |last5=Cleland |first5=John G. F. |last6=Coats |first6=Andrew J. S. |last7=Falk |first7=Volkmar |last8=González-Juanatey |first8=José Ramón |last9=Harjola |first9=Veli-Pekka |last10=Jankowska |first10=Ewa A. |last11=Jessup |first11=Mariell |last12=Linde |first12=Cecilia |last13=Nihoyannopoulos |first13=Petros |last14=Parissis |first14=John T. |last15=Pieske |first15=Burkert |date=2016-07-14 |title=2016 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure: The Task Force for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC)Developed with the special contribution of the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the ESC |url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27206819/ |journal=European Heart Journal |volume=37 |issue=27 |pages=2129–2200 |doi=10.1093/eurheartj/ehw128 |issn=1522-9645 |pmid=27206819}}</ref> [[left ventricular hypertrophy]] (LVH) is defined as an abnormal increase in LVM, an important independent [[risk factor]] for [[Cardiovascular disease|cardiovascular morbidity]] and mortality.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Levy |first=Daniel |last2=Garrison |first2=Robert J. |last3=Savage |first3=Daniel D. |last4=Kannel |first4=William B. |last5=Castelli |first5=William P. |date=1990-05-31 |title=Prognostic Implications of Echocardiographically Determined Left Ventricular Mass in the Framingham Heart Study |url=http://www.nejm.org/doi/abs/10.1056/NEJM199005313222203 |journal=New England Journal of Medicine |language=en |volume=322 |issue=22 |pages=1561–1566 |doi=10.1056/NEJM199005313222203 |issn=0028-4793}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Kawel-Boehm |first=Nadine |last2=Kronmal |first2=Richard |last3=Eng |first3=John |last4=Folsom |first4=Aaron |last5=Burke |first5=Gregory |last6=Carr |first6=J. Jeffrey |last7=Shea |first7=Steven |last8=Lima |first8=João A. C. |last9=Bluemke |first9=David A. |date=October 2019 |title=Left Ventricular Mass at MRI and Long-term Risk of Cardiovascular Events: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) |url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31453766/ |journal=Radiology |volume=293 |issue=1 |pages=107–114 |doi=10.1148/radiol.2019182871 |issn=1527-1315 |pmc=6776886 |pmid=31453766}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Laukkanen |first=Jari A. |last2=Khan |first2=Hassan |last3=Kurl |first3=Sudhir |last4=Willeit |first4=Peter |last5=Karppi |first5=Jouni |last6=Ronkainen |first6=Kimmo |last7=Di Angelantonio |first7=Emanuele |date=2014-12-17 |title=Left Ventricular Mass and the Risk of Sudden Cardiac Death: A Population‐Based Study |url=https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/JAHA.114.001285 |journal=Journal of the American Heart Association |language=en |volume=3 |issue=6 |doi=10.1161/JAHA.114.001285 |issn=2047-9980 |pmc=4338721 |pmid=25376188}}</ref> LVM is also an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease even within the normal limits.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Schillaci |first=Giuseppe |last2=Verdecchia |first2=Paolo |last3=Porcellati |first3=Carlo |last4=Cuccurullo |first4=Olga |last5=Cosco |first5=Carmela |last6=Perticone |first6=Francesco |date=February 2000 |title=Continuous Relation Between Left Ventricular Mass and Cardiovascular Risk in Essential Hypertension |url=https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/01.HYP.35.2.580 |journal=Hypertension |language=en |volume=35 |issue=2 |pages=580–586 |doi=10.1161/01.HYP.35.2.580 |issn=0194-911X}}</ref> A reduction in LVM following [[Antihypertensive drug|antihypertensive treatment]] or [[Aortic valve replacement|aortic vale replacement]] is associated with a reduced rate of complications.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Koren |first=M |date=December 2002 |title=Left ventricular mass change during treatment and outcome in patients with essential hypertension |url=https://doi.org/10.1016/S0895-7061(02)03061-3 |journal=American Journal of Hypertension |volume=15 |issue=12 |pages=1021–1028 |doi=10.1016/s0895-7061(02)03061-3 |issn=0895-7061}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Hatani |first=Takeshi |last2=Kitai |first2=Takeshi |last3=Murai |first3=Ryosuke |last4=Kim |first4=Kitae |last5=Ehara |first5=Natsuhiko |last6=Kobori |first6=Atsushi |last7=Kinoshita |first7=Makoto |last8=Kaji |first8=Shuichiro |last9=Tani |first9=Tomoko |last10=Sasaki |first10=Yasuhiro |last11=Yamane |first11=Takafumi |last12=Koyama |first12=Tadaaki |last13=Nasu |first13=Michihiro |last14=Okada |first14=Yukikatsu |last15=Furukawa |first15=Yutaka |date=September 2016 |title=Associations of residual left ventricular and left atrial remodeling with clinical outcomes in patients after aortic valve replacement for severe aortic stenosis |url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26527112/ |journal=Journal of Cardiology |volume=68 |issue=3 |pages=241–247 |doi=10.1016/j.jjcc.2015.09.017 |issn=1876-4738 |pmid=26527112}}</ref>


Intensive athletic training can cause physiologic changes in the heart ("[[Athletic heart syndrome|athlete's heart]]") which include an increase in LVM.<ref>{{Cite journal |first1=Antonio |last1=Pelliccia |first2=Stefano |last2=Caselli |first3=Sanjay |last3=Sharma |first4=Cristina |last4=Basso |first5=Jeroen J |last5=Bax |first6=Domenico |last6=Corrado |first7=Antonello |last7=D’Andrea |first8=Flavio |last8=D’Ascenzi |first9=Fernando M |last9=Di Paolo |first10=Thor |last10=Edvardsen |first11=Sabiha |last11=Gati |first12=Maurizio |last12=Galderisi |first13=Hein |last13=Heidbuchel |first14=Alain |last14=Nchimi |first15=Koen |last15=Nieman |first16=Michael |last16=Papadakis |first17=Cataldo |last17=Pisicchio |first18=Christian |last18=Schmied |first19=Bogdan A |last19=Popescu |first20=Gilbert |last20=Habib |first21=Diederick |last21=Grobbee |first22=Patrizio |last22=Lancellotti |title=European Association of Preventive Cardiology (EAPC) and European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging (EACVI) joint position statement: recommendations for the indication and interpretation of cardiovascular imaging in the evaluation of the athlete’s heart |url=https://academic.oup.com/eurheartj/article/39/21/1949/4210363 |access-date=2024-06-30 |journal=European Heart Journal |volume=39 |issue=21 |date=1 June 2018 |pages=1949–1969 |doi=10.1093/eurheartj/ehx532}}</ref>
Intensive athletic training can cause physiologic changes in the heart ("[[Athletic heart syndrome|athlete's heart]]") which include an increase in LVM.<ref>{{Cite journal |first1=Antonio |last1=Pelliccia |first2=Stefano |last2=Caselli |first3=Sanjay |last3=Sharma |first4=Cristina |last4=Basso |first5=Jeroen J |last5=Bax |first6=Domenico |last6=Corrado |first7=Antonello |last7=D’Andrea |first8=Flavio |last8=D’Ascenzi |first9=Fernando M |last9=Di Paolo |first10=Thor |last10=Edvardsen |first11=Sabiha |last11=Gati |first12=Maurizio |last12=Galderisi |first13=Hein |last13=Heidbuchel |first14=Alain |last14=Nchimi |first15=Koen |last15=Nieman |first16=Michael |last16=Papadakis |first17=Cataldo |last17=Pisicchio |first18=Christian |last18=Schmied |first19=Bogdan A |last19=Popescu |first20=Gilbert |last20=Habib |first21=Diederick |last21=Grobbee |first22=Patrizio |last22=Lancellotti |title=European Association of Preventive Cardiology (EAPC) and European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging (EACVI) joint position statement: recommendations for the indication and interpretation of cardiovascular imaging in the evaluation of the athlete’s heart |url=https://academic.oup.com/eurheartj/article/39/21/1949/4210363 |access-date=2024-06-30 |journal=European Heart Journal |volume=39 |issue=21 |date=1 June 2018 |pages=1949–1969 |doi=10.1093/eurheartj/ehx532}}</ref>

Revision as of 17:55, 30 June 2024

Left ventricular mass or LVM refers to the weight of the left ventricle of the heart.

Left ventricular mass index or LVMi is LVM divided by body surface area.

LVM is usually estimated using linear measurements obtained from echocardiography,[1] but can also be calculated using CT or MRI images.[2] Aging related remodeling of the left ventricle's geometry can lead to a discordancy between CT and echocardiographic based measurements of LVM.[3]

Published normal ranges for LVMi are 49–115 g/m2 for men and 43–95 g/m2 for women.[1][4] left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) is defined as an abnormal increase in LVM, an important independent risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.[5][6][7] LVM is also an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease even within the normal limits.[8] A reduction in LVM following antihypertensive treatment or aortic vale replacement is associated with a reduced rate of complications.[9][10]

Intensive athletic training can cause physiologic changes in the heart ("athlete's heart") which include an increase in LVM.[11]

Further reading

References

  1. ^ a b Lang, Roberto M.; Badano, Luigi P.; Mor-Avi, Victor; Afilalo, Jonathan; Armstrong, Anderson; Ernande, Laura; Flachskampf, Frank A.; Foster, Elyse; Goldstein, Steven A.; Kuznetsova, Tatiana; Lancellotti, Patrizio; Muraru, Denisa; Picard, Michael H.; Rietzschel, Ernst R.; Rudski, Lawrence (January 2015). "Recommendations for Cardiac Chamber Quantification by Echocardiography in Adults: An Update from the American Society of Echocardiography and the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging". Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography. 28 (1): 1–39.e14. doi:10.1016/j.echo.2014.10.003. ISSN 0894-7317.
  2. ^ Myerson, Saul G.; Bellenger, Nicholas G.; Pennell, Dudley J. (March 2002). "Assessment of Left Ventricular Mass by Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance". Hypertension. 39 (3): 750–755. doi:10.1161/hy0302.104674. ISSN 0194-911X.
  3. ^ Stokar, Joshua; Leibowitz, David; Durst, Ronen; Shaham, Dorith; Zwas, Donna R. (2019-10-24). "Echocardiography overestimates LV mass in the elderly as compared to cardiac CT". PLoS ONE. 14 (10): e0224104. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0224104. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 6812823. PMID 31648248.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)
  4. ^ Ponikowski, Piotr; Voors, Adriaan A.; Anker, Stefan D.; Bueno, Héctor; Cleland, John G. F.; Coats, Andrew J. S.; Falk, Volkmar; González-Juanatey, José Ramón; Harjola, Veli-Pekka; Jankowska, Ewa A.; Jessup, Mariell; Linde, Cecilia; Nihoyannopoulos, Petros; Parissis, John T.; Pieske, Burkert (2016-07-14). "2016 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure: The Task Force for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC)Developed with the special contribution of the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the ESC". European Heart Journal. 37 (27): 2129–2200. doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehw128. ISSN 1522-9645. PMID 27206819.
  5. ^ Levy, Daniel; Garrison, Robert J.; Savage, Daniel D.; Kannel, William B.; Castelli, William P. (1990-05-31). "Prognostic Implications of Echocardiographically Determined Left Ventricular Mass in the Framingham Heart Study". New England Journal of Medicine. 322 (22): 1561–1566. doi:10.1056/NEJM199005313222203. ISSN 0028-4793.
  6. ^ Kawel-Boehm, Nadine; Kronmal, Richard; Eng, John; Folsom, Aaron; Burke, Gregory; Carr, J. Jeffrey; Shea, Steven; Lima, João A. C.; Bluemke, David A. (October 2019). "Left Ventricular Mass at MRI and Long-term Risk of Cardiovascular Events: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA)". Radiology. 293 (1): 107–114. doi:10.1148/radiol.2019182871. ISSN 1527-1315. PMC 6776886. PMID 31453766.
  7. ^ Laukkanen, Jari A.; Khan, Hassan; Kurl, Sudhir; Willeit, Peter; Karppi, Jouni; Ronkainen, Kimmo; Di Angelantonio, Emanuele (2014-12-17). "Left Ventricular Mass and the Risk of Sudden Cardiac Death: A Population‐Based Study". Journal of the American Heart Association. 3 (6). doi:10.1161/JAHA.114.001285. ISSN 2047-9980. PMC 4338721. PMID 25376188.
  8. ^ Schillaci, Giuseppe; Verdecchia, Paolo; Porcellati, Carlo; Cuccurullo, Olga; Cosco, Carmela; Perticone, Francesco (February 2000). "Continuous Relation Between Left Ventricular Mass and Cardiovascular Risk in Essential Hypertension". Hypertension. 35 (2): 580–586. doi:10.1161/01.HYP.35.2.580. ISSN 0194-911X.
  9. ^ Koren, M (December 2002). "Left ventricular mass change during treatment and outcome in patients with essential hypertension". American Journal of Hypertension. 15 (12): 1021–1028. doi:10.1016/s0895-7061(02)03061-3. ISSN 0895-7061.
  10. ^ Hatani, Takeshi; Kitai, Takeshi; Murai, Ryosuke; Kim, Kitae; Ehara, Natsuhiko; Kobori, Atsushi; Kinoshita, Makoto; Kaji, Shuichiro; Tani, Tomoko; Sasaki, Yasuhiro; Yamane, Takafumi; Koyama, Tadaaki; Nasu, Michihiro; Okada, Yukikatsu; Furukawa, Yutaka (September 2016). "Associations of residual left ventricular and left atrial remodeling with clinical outcomes in patients after aortic valve replacement for severe aortic stenosis". Journal of Cardiology. 68 (3): 241–247. doi:10.1016/j.jjcc.2015.09.017. ISSN 1876-4738. PMID 26527112.
  11. ^ Pelliccia, Antonio; Caselli, Stefano; Sharma, Sanjay; Basso, Cristina; Bax, Jeroen J; Corrado, Domenico; D’Andrea, Antonello; D’Ascenzi, Flavio; Di Paolo, Fernando M; Edvardsen, Thor; Gati, Sabiha; Galderisi, Maurizio; Heidbuchel, Hein; Nchimi, Alain; Nieman, Koen; Papadakis, Michael; Pisicchio, Cataldo; Schmied, Christian; Popescu, Bogdan A; Habib, Gilbert; Grobbee, Diederick; Lancellotti, Patrizio (1 June 2018). "European Association of Preventive Cardiology (EAPC) and European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging (EACVI) joint position statement: recommendations for the indication and interpretation of cardiovascular imaging in the evaluation of the athlete's heart". European Heart Journal. 39 (21): 1949–1969. doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehx532. Retrieved 2024-06-30.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Left_ventricular_mass&oldid=1231864884"