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{{Short description|Model of 1500 hp Co′Co′ American diesel locomotive}}{{More citations needed|date=May 2024}}{{Infobox locomotive
{{Short description|Model of 1500 hp Co′Co′ American diesel locomotive}}
{{More footnotes needed|date= June 2008}}
{{Infobox locomotive
| name = EMD SD7
| name = EMD SD7
| powertype = [[Diesel-electric]]
| powertype = [[Diesel-electric]]
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}}
}}


The '''EMD''' '''SD7''' is a model of 6-axle [[diesel locomotive]] built by [[Electro-Motive Diesel|General Motors Electro-Motive Division]] between May 1951 and November 1953. It had an [[EMD 567B]] 16-[[cylinder (engine)|cylinder]] engine producing {{convert|1500|hp|MW|2}} for its six traction motors. United States railroads bought 188 units.<ref>{{cite book|last=Pinkepank|first=Jerry A|title=The Second Diesel Spotter's Guide|year=1973|publisher=Kalmbach Books|lccn=66-22894|pages=71}}</ref>
The '''SD7''' is a model of 6-axle [[diesel locomotive]] built by [[Electro-Motive Diesel|General Motors Electro-Motive Division]] between May 1951 and November 1953. It had an [[EMD 567B]] 16-[[cylinder (engine)|cylinder]] engine producing {{convert|1500|hp|MW|2}} for its six traction motors. United States railroads bought 188 units.<ref>{{cite book|last=Pinkepank|first=Jerry A|title=The Second Diesel Spotter's Guide|year=1973|publisher=Kalmbach Books|lccn=66-22894|pages=71}}</ref>


This was the first model in EMD's '''SD''' ''('''S'''pecial '''D'''uty)'' series of locomotives, a lengthened B-B [[EMD GP7|GP7]] with a C-C truck arrangement. The two extra axles and traction motors are useful in heavy, low-speed freight service. EMD continues to produce SD series locomotives to this day. Some SD7s both high and short-hood can still be found in service today on shortline railroads and industrial operators, although most Class I roads stopped using these locomotives by the 1970s and 1980s.<ref>{{cite web|last=Guss|first=Chris|title=EMD's pioneering SD7 and SD9 locomotives |url=https://www.trains.com/trn/railroads/locomotives/emds-pioneering-sd7-and-sd9-locomotives/|date=May 16, 2023|publisher=[[Kalmbach Media]]|work=[[Trains (magazine)|Trains Newsletter]]|access-date=May 16, 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Solomon |first=Brian |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JubUBAAAQBAJ&newbks=0&printsec=frontcover&pg=PA249&dq=Union+Pacific+SD7+-wikipedia&hl=en |title=GE and EMD Locomotives: The Illustrated History |date= |publisher=Voyageur Press |isbn=978-0-7603-4612-9 |publication-date=2014 |pages=249 |language=en}}</ref>
This was the first model in EMD's '''SD''' ''('''S'''pecial '''D'''uty)'' series of locomotives, a lengthened B-B [[EMD GP7|GP7]] with a C-C truck arrangement. The two extra axles and traction motors are useful in heavy, low-speed freight service. EMD continues to produce SD series locomotives to this day.


Some SD7s both high and short-hood can still be found in service today on shortline railroads and industrial operators, although most Class I roads stopped using these locomotives by the 1970s and 1980s.<ref>{{cite web|last=Guss|first=Chris|title=EMD's pioneering SD7 and SD9 locomotives |url=https://www.trains.com/trn/railroads/locomotives/emds-pioneering-sd7-and-sd9-locomotives/|date=May 16, 2023|publisher=[[Kalmbach Media]]|work=[[Trains (magazine)|Trains Newsletter]]|access-date=May 16, 2023}}</ref>
⚫
== Design and production ==

⚫
== Design and Production ==
The SD7 was conceived as a modification of the existing [[EMD GP7]] with two additional powered axles, one for each [[Bogie|truck]]. Providing two more axles served two purposes: it gave the locomotive more tractive effort compared to the four-axle GP7, and it distributed the locomotive's weight more evenly.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Schafer|first=Mike|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/38738930|title=Vintage diesel locomotives|date=1998|publisher=Motorbooks International|isbn=0-7603-0507-2|location=Osceola, WI|pages=36–37|oclc=38738930}}</ref>
The SD7 was conceived as a modification of the existing [[EMD GP7]] with two additional powered axles, one for each [[Bogie|truck]]. Providing two more axles served two purposes: it gave the locomotive more tractive effort compared to the four-axle GP7, and it distributed the locomotive's weight more evenly.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Schafer|first=Mike|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/38738930|title=Vintage diesel locomotives|date=1998|publisher=Motorbooks International|isbn=0-7603-0507-2|location=Osceola, WI|pages=36–37|oclc=38738930}}</ref>


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{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! Owner !! Quantity !! Numbers !! Notes
! Owner !! Quantity !! Numbers !! Notes
!Ref.
|-
|-
|rowspan=2|[[Electro-Motive Division]] || rowspan=2 style="text-align:center;" |2
|rowspan=2|[[Electro-Motive Division]] || rowspan=2 style="text-align:center;" |2
|style="text-align:center;" |990 || to Southern Pacific 5308 then 2715 to 1415 ne 1518
|style="text-align:center;" |990 || to Southern Pacific 5308 then 2715 to 1415 ne 1518
|<ref name=":1">{{Cite magazine |date=September 1997 |title=Trains |url=https://www.trains.com/?r3d=trains-september-1997 |magazine=Trains Magazine |pages=66 – 68}}</ref>
|-
|-
|style="text-align:center;" |991 || to Baltimore and Ohio 760
|style="text-align:center;" |991 || to Baltimore and Ohio 760
|
|-
|-
|[[Baltimore and Ohio Railroad]] ||style="text-align:center;" |4 ||style="text-align:center;" |761–764 ||These units were built with the 567BC engine.
|[[Baltimore and Ohio Railroad]] ||style="text-align:center;" |4 ||style="text-align:center;" |761–764 ||These units were built with the 567BC engine.
|
|-
|-
|[[Bessemer and Lake Erie Railroad]] ||style="text-align:center;" |8 ||style="text-align:center;" |451–455, 801–803 ||
|[[Bessemer and Lake Erie Railroad]] ||style="text-align:center;" |8 ||style="text-align:center;" |451–455, 801–803 ||
|
|-
|-
|[[Chicago and North Western Railway]] ||style="text-align:center;" |5 ||style="text-align:center;" |1660–1664 ||
|[[Chicago and North Western Railway]] ||style="text-align:center;" |5 ||style="text-align:center;" |1660–1664 ||
|
|-
|-
| [[Chicago, Burlington and Quincy Railroad]] ||style="text-align:center;" |37 ||style="text-align:center;" |300–324, 400–411 ||322-324 were built with the 567BC engine. To [[Burlington Northern]] 6023-6059
| [[Chicago, Burlington and Quincy Railroad]] ||style="text-align:center;" |37 ||style="text-align:center;" |300–324, 400–411 ||322-324 were built with the 567BC engine. To [[Burlington Northern]] 6023-6059
|
|-
|-
|[[Chicago, Burlington and Quincy Railroad]] ([[Colorado and Southern Railway]]) ||style="text-align:center;" |10 ||style="text-align:center;" |810–819 || To [[Burlington Northern]] 6070-6079
|[[Chicago, Burlington and Quincy Railroad]] ([[Colorado and Southern Railway]]) ||style="text-align:center;" |10 ||style="text-align:center;" |810–819 || To [[Burlington Northern]] 6070-6079
|
|-
|-
|[[Chicago, Burlington and Quincy Railroad]] ([[Fort Worth and Denver Railway]]) ||style="text-align:center;" |11 ||style="text-align:center;" |850–860 ||858-860 were built with the 567BC engine. To [[Burlington Northern]] 6080-6090
|[[Chicago, Burlington and Quincy Railroad]] ([[Fort Worth and Denver Railway]]) ||style="text-align:center;" |11 ||style="text-align:center;" |850–860 ||858-860 were built with the 567BC engine. To [[Burlington Northern]] 6080-6090
|
|-
|-
|[[Chicago, Milwaukee, St. Paul and Pacific Railroad]] ||style="text-align:center;" |24 ||style="text-align:center;" |2200–2223 || Renumbered 500–523, 2215-2223 were built with the 567BC engine.
|[[Chicago, Milwaukee, St. Paul and Pacific Railroad]] ||style="text-align:center;" |24 ||style="text-align:center;" |2200–2223 || Renumbered 500–523, 2215-2223 were built with the 567BC engine.
|
|-
|-
|[[Central of Georgia Railway]] ||style="text-align:center;" |1 ||style="text-align:center;" |201 ||
|[[Central of Georgia Railway]] ||style="text-align:center;" |1 ||style="text-align:center;" |201 ||
|
|-
|-
|[[Denver and Rio Grande Western Railroad]] ||style="text-align:center;" |5 ||style="text-align:center;" |5300–5304 ||
|[[Denver and Rio Grande Western Railroad]] ||style="text-align:center;" |5 ||style="text-align:center;" |5300–5304 ||
|
|-
|-
|[[Great Northern Railway (U.S.)|Great Northern Railway]] ||style="text-align:center;" |23 ||style="text-align:center;" |550–572 || To [[Burlington Northern]] 6000-6022
|[[Great Northern Railway (U.S.)|Great Northern Railway]] ||style="text-align:center;" |23 ||style="text-align:center;" |550–572 || To [[Burlington Northern]] 6000-6022
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Great Northern Empire - Then and Now |url=https://www.greatnorthernempire.net/index2.htm?GNEGNDieselRosterSD7.htm |access-date=2024-05-16 |website=www.greatnorthernempire.net}}</ref>
|-
|-
|[[Kennecott Copper Corporation]] ||style="text-align:center;" |1 ||style="text-align:center;" |903 ||
|[[Kennecott Copper Corporation]] ||style="text-align:center;" |1 ||style="text-align:center;" |903 ||
|
|-
|-
|[[Minneapolis and St. Louis Railway]] ||style="text-align:center;" |2 ||style="text-align:center;" |852, 952 || Renumbered 300–301. To Chicago and North Western Railway.
|[[Minneapolis and St. Louis Railway]] ||style="text-align:center;" |2 ||style="text-align:center;" |852, 952 || Renumbered 300–301. To Chicago and North Western Railway.
|
|-
|-
|[[Nevada Northern Railway]] ||style="text-align:center;" |1 ||style="text-align:center;" |401 || Sold to LADWP in the 1980s; reacquired by Nevada Northern in 2021, along with RSD-4 #201.
|[[Nevada Northern Railway]] ||style="text-align:center;" |1 ||style="text-align:center;" |401 || Sold to LADWP in the 1980s; reacquired by Nevada Northern in 2021, along with RSD-4 #201.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nnry.com/pages/bringHome.php|title=Bring 401 and 201 Home}}</ref>
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bring 401 and 201 Home |url=https://nnry.com/pages/bringHome.php}}</ref>
|-
|-
|[[Pennsylvania Railroad]] ||style="text-align:center;" |2 ||style="text-align:center;" |8588–8589 ||These units were built with the 567BC engine
|[[Pennsylvania Railroad]] ||style="text-align:center;" |2 ||style="text-align:center;" |8588–8589 ||These units were built with the 567BC engine
|
|-
|-
|[[Southern Pacific Company]] ||style="text-align:center;" |42 ||style="text-align:center;" |5279–5293, 5309–5335 ||5321-5323, 5334-5335 were built with the 567C engine
|[[Southern Pacific Company]] ||style="text-align:center;" |42 ||style="text-align:center;" |5279–5293, 5309–5335 ||5321-5323, 5334-5335 were built with the 567C engine
|
|-
|-
|[[Union Pacific Railroad]] ||style="text-align:center;" |10 ||style="text-align:center;" |775–784 ||
|[[Union Pacific Railroad]] ||style="text-align:center;" |10 ||style="text-align:center;" |775–784 ||
|
|-
|-
!Total !! 188 !! !!
!Total !! 188 !! !!
!
|}
|}


== Preservation ==
== Preservation and Current Owners ==
⚫
** [[Burlington Northern Railroad|Burlington Northern]] #6008 (ex-[[Great Northern Railway (U.S.)|Great Northern]] #558) is preserved at the [[Minnesota Transportation Museum]] in [[Saint Paul, Minnesota]]. #6008 was one of the first 20 SD7s to be built in 1952; it's currently under restoration to its original appearance as [[Great Northern Railway (U.S.)|Great Northern]] #558.
⚫
[[File:PNWR 1501, January 20, 2022, Albany, Oregon.jpg|thumb|257x257px|PNWR 1501 working in PNWR's yard in Albany, Oregon, on January 20, 2022]]
** [[Southern Railway (U.S.)|Southern]] #197 is preserved at the [[Virginia Museum of Transportation]]. It was originally built as [[Central of Georgia Railroad|Central of Georgia]]#201.
⚫
*[[Burlington Northern Railroad|Burlington Northern]] #6008 (ex-[[Great Northern Railway (U.S.)|Great Northern]] #558) is preserved at the [[Minnesota Transportation Museum]] in [[Saint Paul, Minnesota]]. #6008 was one of the first 20 SD7s to be built in 1952; it's currently under restoration to its original appearance as [[Great Northern Railway (U.S.)|Great Northern]] #558.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-03-14 |title=Minnesota museum acquires Great Northern SD7 {{!}} Trains Magazine |url=https://www.trains.com/trn/news-reviews/news-wire/07-minnesota-museum-acquires-great-northern-sd7/ |access-date=2024-05-16 |website=Trains |language=en-US}}</ref>
*[[Southern Railway (U.S.)|Southern]] #197 is preserved at the [[Virginia Museum of Transportation]]. It was originally built as [[Central of Georgia Railroad|Central of Georgia]] #201.
** [[Southern Pacific 1518|Southern Pacific #1518]] (ex-EMD demonstrator #990), is preserved in operational condition at the [[Illinois Railway Museum]]. #1518 was the first SD7 (later converted into an [[EMD SD7R|SD7R]]) built by EMD,
⚫
** [[Portland and Western]] formerly rostered [[Portland and Western 1501|SD7 #1501]] (Ex-SP #5280), being retired on July 19, 2023. While it was originally going to be scrapped by PNWR parent company [[Genesee & Wyoming|Genesee and Wyoming Inc.]] as part of a fine resolution agreement with the EPA,<ref>{{cite web |title=G&W locomotives to scrap or upgrade per EPA decree in 2023 |url=https://www.trains.com/trn/news-reviews/news-wire/gw-locomotives-to-scrap-or-upgrade-per-epa-decree-in-2023/ |access-date=27 January 2023 |website=Trains.com}}</ref> it was acquired by Dieselmotive Company, Inc. (BUGX) and was shipped for storage on the [[Blackwell Northern Gateway Railroad]]. Following the FRA's work stoppage order of the BNGR in February 2024, the fate of #1501 is to be determined.<ref name=":02">{{Cite web |last=Sharfman |first=Alexandra |date=2024-02-08 |title=Emergency Order shuts down operations on Blackwell Northern Gateway Railroad |url=https://okcfox.com/news/local/emergency-order-shuts-down-operations-on-blackwell-northern-gateway-railroad |access-date=2024-03-09 |website=KOKH |language=en}}</ref>
*[[Southern Pacific 1518|Southern Pacific #1518]] (ex-EMD demonstrator #990), is preserved in operational condition at the [[Illinois Railway Museum]]. #1518 was the first SD7 (later converted into an [[EMD SD7R|SD7R]]) built by EMD.<ref name=":1" />
⚫
[[File:PNWR 1501, January 20, 2022, Albany, Oregon.jpg|thumb|257x257px|PNWR 1501 working in PNWR's yard in Albany, Oregon, on January 20, 20]]
⚫
*[[Portland and Western]] formerly rostered SD7 #1501 (Ex-SP #5280), being retired on July 19, 2023. While it was originally going to be scrapped by PNWR parent company [[Genesee & Wyoming|Genesee and Wyoming Inc.]] as part of a fine resolution agreement with the EPA,<ref>{{cite web |title=G&W locomotives to scrap or upgrade per EPA decree in 2023 |url=https://www.trains.com/trn/news-reviews/news-wire/gw-locomotives-to-scrap-or-upgrade-per-epa-decree-in-2023/ |access-date=27 January 2023 |website=Trains.com}}</ref> it was acquired by Dieselmotive Company, Inc. (BUGX) and was shipped for storage on the [[Blackwell Northern Gateway Railroad]]. Following the FRA's work stoppage order of the BNGR in February 2024, the fate of #1501 is to be determined.<ref name=":02">{{Cite web |last=Sharfman |first=Alexandra |date=2024-02-08 |title=Emergency Order shuts down operations on Blackwell Northern Gateway Railroad |url=https://okcfox.com/news/local/emergency-order-shuts-down-operations-on-blackwell-northern-gateway-railroad |access-date=2024-03-09 |website=KOKH |language=en}}</ref>

=== While not preserved by museums, three SD7s are known to survive in revenue service. ===
*The [[Dakota Southern Railway]] rosters one SD7, #512 (ex-[[Chicago, Milwaukee, St. Paul and Pacific Railroad|MILW]] #2212)
*The [[Dakota Southern Railway]] rosters one SD7, #512 (ex-[[Chicago, Milwaukee, St. Paul and Pacific Railroad|MILW]] #2212)
*ILSX #1751 (ex-[[Pennsylvania Railroad]] #8589) is in operation at Red Trail Energy in [[Richardton, North Dakota|Richardton, ND]].
*ILSX #1751 (ex-[[Pennsylvania Railroad]] #8589) is in operation at Red Trail Energy in [[Richardton, North Dakota|Richardton, ND]].
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{{reflist}}
{{reflist}}


==Further reading==
==Additional Reading==


* {{Cite book |last=Solomon |first=Brian |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bVEhihy7tKEC&newbks=0&printsec=frontcover&pg=PA69&dq=%22EMD+SD7%22+-wikipedia&hl=en |title=American Diesel Locomotives |publisher=Voyageur Press |isbn=978-1-61060-605-9 |language=en |pages=69}}
* {{Cite book |last=Strapac |first=Joseph A. |url=https://openlibrary.org/books/OL8360777M/Southern_Pacific_Historic_Diesels_Volume_4_SD7_and_SD9_Locomotives |title=Southern Pacific Historic Diesels Volume 4, SD7 and SD9 Locomotives |publisher=[[Shade Tree Books]], [[Bellflower, California]] |year=1997 |isbn=9780930742171 |edition=1st |ol=8360777M}}
* {{Cite book |last=Strapac |first=Joseph A. |url=https://openlibrary.org/books/OL8360777M/Southern_Pacific_Historic_Diesels_Volume_4_SD7_and_SD9_Locomotives |title=Southern Pacific Historic Diesels Volume 4, SD7 and SD9 Locomotives |publisher=[[Shade Tree Books]], [[Bellflower, California]] |year=1997 |isbn=9780930742171 |edition=1st |ol=8360777M}}
* {{Cite book |last=Withers |first=Paul K. |title=Diesel Era, November/December 1995, Volume 6 Number 6 |publisher=Withers Publishing |year=1995}}
* {{Cite book |last=Withers |first=Paul K. |title=Diesel Era, November/December 1995, Volume 6 Number 6 |publisher=Withers Publishing |year=1995}}

Revision as of 11:12, 29 May 2024

EMD SD7
SP 1518 at the Illinois Railway Museum
Type and origin
Power typeDiesel-electric
BuilderGeneral Motors Electro-Motive Division (EMD)
ModelSD7
Build dateMay 1951 – November 1953
Total produced188
Specifications
Configuration:
​
 • AARC-C
Gauge4 ft 8+1⁄2 in (1,435 mm) standard gauge
TrucksEMD Flexicoil C
Wheel diameter40 in (1,016 mm)
Minimum curve23° (250 ft (76.20 m) radius)
Wheelbase48 ft 7 in (14.81 m)
Length61 ft 2+3⁄4 in (18.66 m)
Width10 ft 8 in (3.25 m)
Height15 ft 4+1⁄2 in (4.69 m)
Loco weight309,000 lb (140,000 kg)
Fuel capacity1,200 US gal (4,500 L; 1,000 imp gal)
Prime moverEMD 16-567B
RPM range800
Engine typeV16 diesel engine
AspirationRoots-type supercharger
Displacement9,072 cu in (148.66 L)
GeneratorD-12-C
Traction motors(6) D-27-B
Cylinders16
Performance figures
Power output1,500 hp (1.12 MW)
Tractive effort77,250 lbf (343,600 N)
Career
LocaleUnited States
DispositionSome still in service, others preserved

The SD7 is a model of 6-axle diesel locomotive built by General Motors Electro-Motive Division between May 1951 and November 1953. It had an EMD 567B 16-cylinder engine producing 1,500 horsepower (1.12 MW) for its six traction motors. United States railroads bought 188 units.[1]

This was the first model in EMD's SD (Special Duty) series of locomotives, a lengthened B-B GP7 with a C-C truck arrangement. The two extra axles and traction motors are useful in heavy, low-speed freight service. EMD continues to produce SD series locomotives to this day.

Some SD7s both high and short-hood can still be found in service today on shortline railroads and industrial operators, although most Class I roads stopped using these locomotives by the 1970s and 1980s.[2]

Design and Production

The SD7 was conceived as a modification of the existing EMD GP7 with two additional powered axles, one for each truck. Providing two more axles served two purposes: it gave the locomotive more tractive effort compared to the four-axle GP7, and it distributed the locomotive's weight more evenly.[3]

EMD produced its first examples of the SD7 in May 1951, using the 567B engine. Starting in August 1953 a total of 26 SD7s were produced which used either the 567BC engine or the 567C engine.

SD7s were originally set up to run long hood forward, usually noted by the letter "F" painted adjacent to the top step of the long hood boarding steps. Many were later changed or upgraded to run short hood forward as is today's Association of American Railroads standard.

EMD ended production in November 1953 and began producing the SD7's successor, the SD9, in January 1954.

Rebuilds

SD7R

Main article: EMD SD7R

The Southern Pacific Transportation Company had rebuilt a total of 42 of their SD7 locomotives into the EMD SD7R.[4][5]

Original buyers

Owner Quantity Numbers Notes
Electro-Motive Division 2 990 to Southern Pacific 5308 then 2715 to 1415 ne 1518
991 to Baltimore and Ohio 760
Baltimore and Ohio Railroad 4 761–764 These units were built with the 567BC engine.
Bessemer and Lake Erie Railroad 8 451–455, 801–803
Chicago and North Western Railway 5 1660–1664
Chicago, Burlington and Quincy Railroad 37 300–324, 400–411 322-324 were built with the 567BC engine. To Burlington Northern 6023-6059
Chicago, Burlington and Quincy Railroad (Colorado and Southern Railway) 10 810–819 To Burlington Northern 6070-6079
Chicago, Burlington and Quincy Railroad (Fort Worth and Denver Railway) 11 850–860 858-860 were built with the 567BC engine. To Burlington Northern 6080-6090
Chicago, Milwaukee, St. Paul and Pacific Railroad 24 2200–2223 Renumbered 500–523, 2215-2223 were built with the 567BC engine.
Central of Georgia Railway 1 201
Denver and Rio Grande Western Railroad 5 5300–5304
Great Northern Railway 23 550–572 To Burlington Northern 6000-6022
Kennecott Copper Corporation 1 903
Minneapolis and St. Louis Railway 2 852, 952 Renumbered 300–301. To Chicago and North Western Railway.
Nevada Northern Railway 1 401 Sold to LADWP in the 1980s; reacquired by Nevada Northern in 2021, along with RSD-4 #201.[6]
Pennsylvania Railroad 2 8588–8589 These units were built with the 567BC engine
Southern Pacific Company 42 5279–5293, 5309–5335 5321-5323, 5334-5335 were built with the 567C engine
Union Pacific Railroad 10 775–784
Total 188

Preservation and Current Owners

PNWR 1501 working in PNWR's yard in Albany, Oregon, on January 20, 20

While not preserved by museums, three SD7s are known to survive in revenue service.

References

  1. ^ Pinkepank, Jerry A (1973). The Second Diesel Spotter's Guide. Kalmbach Books. p. 71. LCCN 66-22894.
  2. ^ Guss, Chris (May 16, 2023). "EMD's pioneering SD7 and SD9 locomotives". Trains Newsletter. Kalmbach Media. Retrieved May 16, 2023.
  3. ^ Schafer, Mike (1998). Vintage diesel locomotives. Osceola, WI: Motorbooks International. pp. 36–37. ISBN 0-7603-0507-2. OCLC 38738930.
  4. ^ Withers (1995), p. 5
  5. ^ Shine (1991), p. 9-56, 186
  6. ^ "Bring 401 and 201 Home".
  7. ^ "G&W locomotives to scrap or upgrade per EPA decree in 2023". Trains.com. Retrieved 27 January 2023.
  8. ^ Sharfman, Alexandra (2024-02-08). "Emergency Order shuts down operations on Blackwell Northern Gateway Railroad". KOKH. Retrieved 2024-03-09.
  9. ^ Franz, Justin (2021-09-29). "Nevada Northern Raising Money to Bring Two Historic Diesels Home". Railfan & Railroad Magazine. Retrieved 2024-03-09.

Additional Reading

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