Emperor of Mexico

For the rulers of pre-Columbian Aztec Empire, see List of Tenochtitlan rulers.

Emperor of Mexico
Imperial
Imperial Coat of arms
First emperor Agustín I 19 May 1822 – 19 March 1823
Details
Style	His Imperial Majesty
First monarch	Agustín I
Last monarch	Maximilian I
Formation	19 May 1822 10 April 1864
Abolition	19 March 1823 15 May 1867
Residence	Palace of Moncada (1822–1823) Chapultepec Castle (1864–1867)
Appointer	Hereditary
Pretender(s)	Maximilian von Götzen-Iturbide

The Emperor of Mexico (Template:Lang-es) was the head of state and ruler of Mexico on two non-consecutive occasions in the 19th century.

With the Mexican Declaration of Independence from Spain in 1821, Mexico became an independent monarchy—the First Mexican Empire (1822–1823). Mexico briefly reverted into a monarchy in the 1860s, during the Second Mexican Empire (1864–1867). In both instances of Empire, the reigning Emperor was forcibly deposed and then executed.

First Mexican Empire (1821–1823)

Main article: First Mexican Empire

Portrait	Coat of arms	Name	Emperor from	Emperor until	House
		Agustín I	19 May 1822	19 March 1823	Iturbide

Decree

The Sovereign Mexican Constituent Congress decreed on June 22, 1822 the following:

• Art 1 °. The Mexican Monarchy, in addition to being moderate and Constitutional, is also hereditary.
• Art 2 °. Consequently, the Nation calls the succession of the Crown for the death of the current Emperor, his firstborn son Don Agustín Jerónimo de Iturbide. The Constitution of the Empire will decide the order of succession of the throne.
• Art 3 °. The crown prince will be called "Prince Imperial" and will have the treatment of Imperial Highness.
• Art 4 °. The legitimate sons and daughters of H.I.M will be called "Mexican Princes", and will have the treatment of Highness.
• Art 5 °. Don José Joaquín de Iturbide y Arreguí, Father of H.I.M, is decorated with the title of "Prince of the Union" and the treatment of Highness, during his life.
• Art 6 °. It is also granted the title of "Princess of Iturbide" and the treatment of Highness, during his life, to Doña María Nicolasa de Iturbide y Arámburo, sister of the Emperor.

Second Mexican Empire (1863–1867)

Main article: Second Mexican Empire

Portrait	Coat of arms	Name	Emperor from	Emperor until	House
		Maximilian I	10 April 1864	19 June 1867	Habsburg-Lorraine

Decree

The Superior Government Junta by the Conservative Party decreed on July 11, 1863 the following:

• Art 1 °. The Mexican nation adopts a moderated, hereditary monarchy by way of government, with a Catholic prince.
• Art 2 °. The sovereign will take the title of Emperor of Mexico.
• Art 3 °. The imperial crown of Mexico is offered to S. A. I. and R., Prince Maximilian, archduke of Austria, for himself and his descendants.
• Art 4 °. In the event that, due to circumstances impossible to foresee, Archduke Maximilian did not take possession of the throne that is offered, the Mexican nation refers to the benevolence of HM Napoleon III, emperor of the French, to be instructed by another Catholic prince.

See also

• Pretenders to the throne of Mexico
• Prince Imperial of Mexico
• Regency of the Mexican Empire
• Imperial Crown of Mexico
• Mexican Imperial Orders
• List of heads of state of Mexico
• List of Mexican imperial consorts