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Icelandite is a type of volcanic rock, an iron rich, aluminium-lacking andesite.^[1] Icelandites are between rhyodacite and tholeiitic basalt in composition and contain andesine, hypersthene and augite, with a silica (SiO₂) content greater than 60%.^[2]

The name was coined by the British geologist Ian S. E. Carmichael (who later became professor at the University of California, Berkeley) while working around 1960 on his PhD thesis at a Cenozoic volcano near the parsonage Thingmuli (Þingmúli) in East Iceland.^[3] For continental cogenetic series of volcanic rocks it is generally the case that the concentration of iron decreases with increasing silica content, but at Þingmúli the opposite was true, leading Carmichael to the conclusion that the iron-rich intermediate rock deserved its own name, icelandite.

References

^ Carmichael, Ian S. E., Francis J. Turner and John Verhoogen, 1974, Igneous Petrology, McGraw-Hill, p. 34 ISBN 0-07-009987-1
^ MacDonald, Gordon Andrew, Volcanoes in the Sea: The Geology of Hawaii, University of Hawaii Press, 2nd ed., 1983, p. 128 ISBN 978-0-8248-0832-7
^ http://www.minsocam.org/ammin/AM52/AM52_1815.pdf Carmichael, Ian S. E., The Mineralogy of Thingmuli, a Tertiary Volcano in Eastern Iceland, American Mineralogist, V. 52, Nov.-Dec. 1967, pp. 1815-1841

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[Carmichael-1] Carmichael, Ian S. E., Francis J. Turner and John Verhoogen, 1974, Igneous Petrology, McGraw-Hill, p. 34 ISBN 0-07-009987-1

[2] MacDonald, Gordon Andrew, Volcanoes in the Sea: The Geology of Hawaii, University of Hawaii Press, 2nd ed., 1983, p. 128 ISBN 978-0-8248-0832-7

[3] ttps://www.minsocam.org/ammin/AM52/AM52_1815.pdf Carmichael, Ian S. E., The Mineralogy of Thingmuli, a Tertiary Volcano in Eastern Iceland, American Mineralogist, V. 52, Nov.-Dec. 1967, pp. 1815-1841

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 {{short description|Iron rich, aluminium poor andesite}}
-'''Icelandite''' is a type of [[volcanic rock]], an [[iron]] rich, [[aluminium]] lacking [[andesite]].<ref name=Carmichael>Carmichael, Ian S. E., Francis J. Turner and John Verhoogen, 1974, ''Igneous Petrology,'' McGraw-Hill, p. 34 {{ISBN|0-07-009987-1}}</ref>  Icelandites are between [[rhyodacite]] and [[tholeiitic basalt]] in composition and contain [[andesine]], [[hypersthene]] and [[augite]], with a [[silica]] (SiO<sub>2</sub>) content greater than 60%.<ref> MacDonald, Gordon Andrew, ''Volcanoes in the Sea: The Geology of Hawaii,'' University of Hawaii Press, 2nd ed., 1983, p. 128 {{ISBN|978-0-8248-0832-7}}</ref>
+'''Icelandite''' is a type of [[volcanic rock]], an [[iron]] rich, [[aluminium]]-lacking [[andesite]].<ref name=Carmichael>Carmichael, Ian S. E., Francis J. Turner and John Verhoogen, 1974, ''Igneous Petrology,'' McGraw-Hill, p. 34 {{ISBN|0-07-009987-1}}</ref>  Icelandites are between [[rhyodacite]] and [[tholeiitic basalt]] in composition and contain [[andesine]], [[hypersthene]] and [[augite]], with a [[silica]] (SiO<sub>2</sub>) content greater than 60%.<ref> MacDonald, Gordon Andrew, ''Volcanoes in the Sea: The Geology of Hawaii,'' University of Hawaii Press, 2nd ed., 1983, p. 128 {{ISBN|978-0-8248-0832-7}}</ref>
 The name was coined by the British [[geologist]] [[Ian S. E. Carmichael]] (who later became professor at the [[University of California, Berkeley]]) while working around 1960 on his [[Thesis|PhD thesis]] at a [[Cenozoic]] [[volcano]] near the parsonage [[Thingmuli|Thingmuli (Þingmúli)]] in East [[Iceland]].<ref>http://www.minsocam.org/ammin/AM52/AM52_1815.pdf Carmichael, Ian S. E., ''The Mineralogy of Thingmuli, a Tertiary Volcano in Eastern Iceland,'' American Mineralogist, V. 52, Nov.-Dec. 1967, pp. 1815-1841</ref> For continental cogenetic series of volcanic rocks it is generally the case that the concentration of iron decreases with increasing silica content, but at Þingmúli the opposite was true, leading Carmichael to the conclusion that the iron-rich [[Intermediate composition|intermediate rock]] deserved its own name, ''icelandite.''