Jump to content

Colloquialism: Difference between revisions

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Browse history interactively
← Previous editNext edit →
Content deleted Content added
VisualWikitext
→‎Explanation: Because in mordern time some selected contraction are also use in standard language.
Tags: Reverted Mobile edit Mobile web edit
Reverting edit(s) by 2401:4900:44C4:70D3:0:67:B469:2501 (talk) to rev. 1045808561 by Lomrjyo (public): (from contribs) (RW 16.1)
Line 9: Line 9:
Colloquialism or general parlance is distinct from [[public speaking|formal speech]] or [[formal writing]].<ref name="colloquial">colloquial. (n.d.) Dictionary.com Unabridged (v 1.1). Retrieved September 10, 2008, from [http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/colloquial Dictionary.com]</ref> It is the form of language that speakers typically use when they are relaxed and not especially self-conscious.<ref name="Trask">{{cite book|last=Trask|first=Robert|title=Key Concepts in Language and Linguistics|year=1999|publisher=Psychology Press|isbn=978-0-415-15742-1|pages=[https://archive.org/details/keyconceptsinlan0000tras/page/27 27–28]|url=https://archive.org/details/keyconceptsinlan0000tras/page/27}}</ref> An expression is labeled ''colloq.'' for "colloquial" in dictionaries when a different expression is preferred in formal usage, but this does not mean that the colloquial expression is necessarily [[slang]] or [[nonstandard dialect|non-standard]].
Colloquialism or general parlance is distinct from [[public speaking|formal speech]] or [[formal writing]].<ref name="colloquial">colloquial. (n.d.) Dictionary.com Unabridged (v 1.1). Retrieved September 10, 2008, from [http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/colloquial Dictionary.com]</ref> It is the form of language that speakers typically use when they are relaxed and not especially self-conscious.<ref name="Trask">{{cite book|last=Trask|first=Robert|title=Key Concepts in Language and Linguistics|year=1999|publisher=Psychology Press|isbn=978-0-415-15742-1|pages=[https://archive.org/details/keyconceptsinlan0000tras/page/27 27–28]|url=https://archive.org/details/keyconceptsinlan0000tras/page/27}}</ref> An expression is labeled ''colloq.'' for "colloquial" in dictionaries when a different expression is preferred in formal usage, but this does not mean that the colloquial expression is necessarily [[slang]] or [[nonstandard dialect|non-standard]].


Some colloquial language contains a great deal of [[slang]], but some contains no slang at all. Slang is often used in colloquial speech, but this particular register is restricted to particular in-groups, and it is not a necessary element of colloquialism.<ref name="Trask"/> Other examples of colloquial usage in English include [[contraction (grammar)|contraction]]s or [[profanity]].<ref name="Trask"/>(but some selected contraction are also use in standard language )
Some colloquial language contains a great deal of [[slang]], but some contains no slang at all. Slang is often used in colloquial speech, but this particular register is restricted to particular in-groups, and it is not a necessary element of colloquialism.<ref name="Trask"/> Other examples of colloquial usage in English include [[contraction (grammar)|contraction]]s or [[profanity]].<ref name="Trask"/>


"Colloquial" should also be distinguished from "[[nonstandard dialect|non-standard]]".<ref name=:pt>{{Cite book | last=Trudgill |first=Peter |author-link=Peter Trudgill |title = Sociolinguistics: An Introduction to Language and Society |date = 2000 |isbn = 9780141926308 |publisher = Penguin UK |url = https://books.google.com/books?id=X7Y7DYlQu8QC | pages=17 }}</ref> The difference between standard and non-standard is not necessarily connected to the difference between formal and colloquial.<ref>{{cite journal|title=NGS|volume=17|pages=208–233|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8vYsAQAAIAAJ|year=1992|publisher=German Department, Hull University}}</ref> Formal, colloquial, and vulgar language are more a matter of [[style (sociolinguistics)|stylistic variation]] and [[diction]], rather than of the standard and non-standard dichotomy.<ref name=Trudgill>{{cite book |last=Trudgill |first=Peter |author-link=Peter Trudgill |year=1999 |chapter-url=http://www.phon.ucl.ac.uk/home/dick/SEtrudgill.htm |chapter=Standard English: what it isn't |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090321091659/http://www.phon.ucl.ac.uk/home/dick/SEtrudgill.htm |archive-date=21 March 2009 |editor-first=T. |editor-last=Bex |editor2-first=R.J. |editor2-last=Watts |title=Standard English: The Widening Debate |pages=117–128 |location=London |publisher=[[Routledge]]}}</ref><ref name=:pt/> The term "colloquial" is however also equated with "non-standard" at times, in certain contexts and terminological conventions.<ref>{{cite book |author=Roger D. Hawkins |author2=Richard Towell|title=French Grammar and Usage|year =2010|isbn=9780340991244|publisher =Routledge|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pZoDld8EIwUC|page=x}}</ref><ref name=ds>{{cite journal |journal = Colloquium: New Philologies |date = December 2016 |pages=4 | issn = 2520-3355 |volume = 1 |issue = 1 |doi = 10.23963/cnp.2016.1.1 | title= Exclusion Labels in Slavic Monolingual Dictionaries: Lexicographic Construal of Non-Standardness | first=Danko |last=Šipka |doi-access = free }}</ref>
"Colloquial" should also be distinguished from "[[nonstandard dialect|non-standard]]".<ref name=:pt>{{Cite book | last=Trudgill |first=Peter |author-link=Peter Trudgill |title = Sociolinguistics: An Introduction to Language and Society |date = 2000 |isbn = 9780141926308 |publisher = Penguin UK |url = https://books.google.com/books?id=X7Y7DYlQu8QC | pages=17 }}</ref> The difference between standard and non-standard is not necessarily connected to the difference between formal and colloquial.<ref>{{cite journal|title=NGS|volume=17|pages=208–233|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8vYsAQAAIAAJ|year=1992|publisher=German Department, Hull University}}</ref> Formal, colloquial, and vulgar language are more a matter of [[style (sociolinguistics)|stylistic variation]] and [[diction]], rather than of the standard and non-standard dichotomy.<ref name=Trudgill>{{cite book |last=Trudgill |first=Peter |author-link=Peter Trudgill |year=1999 |chapter-url=http://www.phon.ucl.ac.uk/home/dick/SEtrudgill.htm |chapter=Standard English: what it isn't |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090321091659/http://www.phon.ucl.ac.uk/home/dick/SEtrudgill.htm |archive-date=21 March 2009 |editor-first=T. |editor-last=Bex |editor2-first=R.J. |editor2-last=Watts |title=Standard English: The Widening Debate |pages=117–128 |location=London |publisher=[[Routledge]]}}</ref><ref name=:pt/> The term "colloquial" is however also equated with "non-standard" at times, in certain contexts and terminological conventions.<ref>{{cite book |author=Roger D. Hawkins |author2=Richard Towell|title=French Grammar and Usage|year =2010|isbn=9780340991244|publisher =Routledge|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pZoDld8EIwUC|page=x}}</ref><ref name=ds>{{cite journal |journal = Colloquium: New Philologies |date = December 2016 |pages=4 | issn = 2520-3355 |volume = 1 |issue = 1 |doi = 10.23963/cnp.2016.1.1 | title= Exclusion Labels in Slavic Monolingual Dictionaries: Lexicographic Construal of Non-Standardness | first=Danko |last=Šipka |doi-access = free }}</ref>

Revision as of 17:11, 22 October 2021

"Colloquial name" redirects here. For usage in biological nomenclature, see Common name.

Colloquialism or colloquial language is the linguistic style used for casual communication. It is the most common functional style of speech, the idiom normally employed in conversation and other informal contexts.[1] Colloquialism is characterized by wide usage of interjections and other expressive devices; it makes use of non-specialist terminology, and has a rapidly changing lexicon. It can also be distinguished by its usage of formulations with incomplete logical and syntactic ordering.[2][3][4][5]

A specific instance of such language is termed a colloquialism. The most common term used in dictionaries to label such an expression is colloquial.

Explanation

Colloquialism or general parlance is distinct from formal speech or formal writing.[6] It is the form of language that speakers typically use when they are relaxed and not especially self-conscious.[7] An expression is labeled colloq. for "colloquial" in dictionaries when a different expression is preferred in formal usage, but this does not mean that the colloquial expression is necessarily slang or non-standard.

Some colloquial language contains a great deal of slang, but some contains no slang at all. Slang is often used in colloquial speech, but this particular register is restricted to particular in-groups, and it is not a necessary element of colloquialism.[7] Other examples of colloquial usage in English include contractions or profanity.[7]

"Colloquial" should also be distinguished from "non-standard".[8] The difference between standard and non-standard is not necessarily connected to the difference between formal and colloquial.[9] Formal, colloquial, and vulgar language are more a matter of stylistic variation and diction, rather than of the standard and non-standard dichotomy.[10][8] The term "colloquial" is however also equated with "non-standard" at times, in certain contexts and terminological conventions.[11][12]

A colloquial name or familiar name is a name or term commonly used to identify a person or thing in non-specialist language, in place of another usually more formal or technical name.[13] (See also: common name, trivial name).

In the philosophy of language, "colloquial language" is ordinary natural language, as distinct from specialized forms used in logic or other areas of philosophy.[14] In the field of logical atomism, meaning is evaluated in a different way than with more formal propositions.

Distinction from other styles

Colloquialisms are distinct from slang or jargon. Slang refers to words used only by specific social groups, such as demographics based on region, age, or socio-economic identity.[15] In contrast, jargon is most commonly used within specific occupations, industries, activities, or areas of interest. Colloquial language includes slang, along with abbreviations, contractions, idioms, turns-of-phrase, and other informal words and phrases known to most native speakers of a language or dialect.[15]

Jargon is terminology that is explicitly defined in relationship to a specific activity, profession, or group. The term refers to the language used by people who work in a particular area or who have a common interest. Similar to slang, it is shorthand used to express ideas, people, and things that are frequently discussed between members of a group. Unlike slang, it is often developed deliberately.[16] While a standard term may be given a more precise or unique usage amongst practitioners of relevant disciplines, it is often reported that jargon is a barrier to communication for those people unfamiliar with the respective field.[citation needed]

See also

References

  1. ^ Bańko, Mirosław (2006). Polszczyzna na co dzień (in Polish). Warsaw: Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN. p. 84. ISBN 8301147938. OCLC 123970553.
  2. ^ Kwiek-Osiowska, Janina (1992). ABC... polskiej gramatyki: leksykon szkolny (in Polish). Kraków: Towarzystwo Miłośników Języka Polskiego. pp. 101–103. ISBN 8370640486. OCLC 76290254.
  3. ^ Buttler, Danuta (1982). "Miejsce języka potocznego w wśród odmian współczesnego języka polskiego". In Urbańczyk, Stanisław (ed.). Język literacki i jego warianty (in Polish). Wrocław.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  4. ^ Furdal, Antoni (1977). Urbańczyk, Stanisław (ed.). Językoznawstwo otwarte (in Polish). Opole: Opolskie Towarzystwo Przyjaciół Nauk. Wydział Języka i Literatury.
  5. ^ Buttler, Danuta (1977). "Polskie słownictwo potoczne". Poradnik Językowy (in Polish).
  6. ^ colloquial. (n.d.) Dictionary.com Unabridged (v 1.1). Retrieved September 10, 2008, from Dictionary.com
  7. ^ a b c Trask, Robert (1999). Key Concepts in Language and Linguistics. Psychology Press. pp. 27–28. ISBN 978-0-415-15742-1.
  8. ^ a b Trudgill, Peter (2000). Sociolinguistics: An Introduction to Language and Society. Penguin UK. p. 17. ISBN 9780141926308.
  9. ^ "NGS". 17. German Department, Hull University. 1992: 208–233. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  10. ^ Trudgill, Peter (1999). "Standard English: what it isn't". In Bex, T.; Watts, R.J. (eds.). Standard English: The Widening Debate. London: Routledge. pp. 117–128. Archived from the original on 21 March 2009.
  11. ^ Roger D. Hawkins; Richard Towell (2010). French Grammar and Usage. Routledge. p. x. ISBN 9780340991244.
  12. ^ Šipka, Danko (December 2016). "Exclusion Labels in Slavic Monolingual Dictionaries: Lexicographic Construal of Non-Standardness". Colloquium: New Philologies. 1 (1): 4. doi:10.23963/cnp.2016.1.1. ISSN 2520-3355.
  13. ^ "familiar, n., adj., and adv.". OED Online. Oxford University Press. 2014. Retrieved 2014-04-01.
  14. ^ Davidson, Donald (1997). "Truth and meaning". In Peter Ludlow (ed.). Readings in the Philosophy of Language. MIT Press. pp. 89–107. ISBN 978-0-262-62114-4.
  15. ^ a b Zuckermann, Ghil'ad (2003). Language Contact and Lexical Enrichment in Israeli Hebrew. Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 978-1403917232.
  16. ^ Lundin, Leigh (2009-12-31). "Buzzwords– bang * splat !". Don Martin School of Software. Criminal Brief.
Look up colloquialism or colloquial in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Colloquialism&oldid=1051298725"