Malan Bridge: Difference between revisions
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The bridge was built during the reign of [[Seljuk dynasty|Seljuk]] Sultan [[Ahmad Sanjar]] in 1110-12 AD.<ref name="collet" /><ref name="bbc2008">{{Cite web|author=اویس توخیروزنامه نگار در هرات|date=18 June 2008|title=BBCPersian.com {{!}} فرهنگ و هنر {{!}} سرگذشت شگفت انگیز پل تاریخی مالان در هرات|url=https://www.bbc.com/persian/arts/story/2008/06/080618_s-malan-bridge-herat|url-status=live|access-date=24 August 2021|website=www.bbc.com|language=fa}}</ref> The [[Mughal emperors|Mughal]] emperor [[Babur]] included it in [[Babur#At Kabul|his visit to the city]] in 1506.<ref name="HistGuideHatch">{{Cite book|last=Dupree|first=Nancy Hatch|date=1977|url=http://www.afghandata.org:8080/xmlui/bitstream/handle/azu/189/azu_acku_ds351_d87_1977_w.pdf|title=Historical guide to Afghanistan|publisher=University of Arizona Libraries|doi=10.2458/azu_acku_ds351_d87_1977}}</ref> A tourist named Alexander Hamilton wrote that the bridge had 17 arches in the late 19th century; the bridge currently has 22.<ref name="bbc2008" /> The bridge was also reported to be neglected and falling into decay in the late 1800s.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Goldsmid|first=F. J.|date=31 January 1985|title=On journeys between Herat and Khiva: lecture, Friday, January 31, 1875|url=https://jstor.org/stable/10.2307/60234476|journal=Journal of the Royal United Service Institution|language=English}}</ref> By 1972, part of the bridge had been washed out and was impassable.<ref name=":0" /> |
The bridge was built during the reign of [[Seljuk dynasty|Seljuk]] Sultan [[Ahmad Sanjar]] in 1110-12 AD.<ref name="collet" /><ref name="bbc2008">{{Cite web|author=اویس توخیروزنامه نگار در هرات|date=18 June 2008|title=BBCPersian.com {{!}} فرهنگ و هنر {{!}} سرگذشت شگفت انگیز پل تاریخی مالان در هرات|url=https://www.bbc.com/persian/arts/story/2008/06/080618_s-malan-bridge-herat|url-status=live|access-date=24 August 2021|website=www.bbc.com|language=fa}}</ref> The [[Mughal emperors|Mughal]] emperor [[Babur]] included it in [[Babur#At Kabul|his visit to the city]] in 1506.<ref name="HistGuideHatch">{{Cite book|last=Dupree|first=Nancy Hatch|date=1977|url=http://www.afghandata.org:8080/xmlui/bitstream/handle/azu/189/azu_acku_ds351_d87_1977_w.pdf|title=Historical guide to Afghanistan|publisher=University of Arizona Libraries|doi=10.2458/azu_acku_ds351_d87_1977}}</ref> A tourist named Alexander Hamilton wrote that the bridge had 17 arches in the late 19th century; the bridge currently has 22.<ref name="bbc2008" /> The bridge was also reported to be neglected and falling into decay in the late 1800s.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Goldsmid|first=F. J.|date=31 January 1985|title=On journeys between Herat and Khiva: lecture, Friday, January 31, 1875|url=https://jstor.org/stable/10.2307/60234476|journal=Journal of the Royal United Service Institution|language=English}}</ref> By 1972, part of the bridge had been washed out and was impassable.<ref name=":0" /> |
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A modern bridge was built upstream in |
A modern bridge was built upstream in 1961–62 ([[Solar Hijri calendar|SH]] 1340). Prior to that construction, Pul-i Malan was the only bridge connecting Herat and [[Kandahar]] and was considered important because of that.<ref name="farsnews2007" /><ref name="avapress2009" /> The bridge was partially destroyed during the [[Soviet–Afghan War]], with two guard towers crumbled and 5 arches demolished. The [[Danish Committee for Aid to Afghan Refugees]] rebuilt the bridge using concrete and baked bricks, strengthening the foundation and roadway in the process. The bridge reopened for crossing in 1995.<ref name="collet">{{Cite journal|last=Tirard-Collet|first=Olivier|date=1998|title=After the War. The Condition of Historical Buildings and Monuments in Herat, Afghanistan|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/4299980|journal=Iran|volume=36|pages=123–138|doi=10.2307/4299980|issn=0578-6967}}</ref><ref name="bbc2008" /> |
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== References == |
== References == |
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Revision as of 03:07, 4 September 2021
Malan Bridge پل مالان | |
|---|---|
 Malan Bridge in 2019 | |
| Coordinates | 34°17′9.61″N 62°11′28.64″E / 34.2860028°N 62.1912889°E[1] |
| Crosses | Hari River |
| Locale | Herat |
| Other name(s) | Pul-i Malan |
| Preceded by | Pul-i Pushtu |
| Characteristics | |
| Design | Arch bridge |
| Material | Concrete, baked bricks |
| Total length | 230 metres (750 ft) |
| Width | 8 metres (26 ft) |
| Height | 10 metres (33 ft) |
| History | |
| Opened | 1111-12 |
| Rebuilt | 1995 |
| Location | |
 | |
Malan Bridge, also called Pul-i-Malan (Dari: پل مالان), is a two-lane arched bridge over the Hari River, connecting Injil District with Guzara District, both in Afghanistan.[2][3] It was built around 1110 AD. The bridge is located 12 kilometres (7.5 mi) south of Herat's old city and downstream or west from Pul-i Pushtu. It is currently made up of 21 to 22 arches and has survived several floods that have washed away other bridges crossing the Hari.[4][5][6] It is 230 metres (750 ft) long, 8 metres (26 ft) wide, and 10 metres (33 ft) high.[7]
History
A common legend about its creation says the mythical princesses Bibi Nur and Bibi Hur built the bridge in AD 900.[4][5][6] They were followers of Zoroastrianism. The sisters had poultry, so they mixed egg shells with clay and, with much effort, constructed the bridge stronger than steel.[4][5][6]
The bridge was built during the reign of Seljuk Sultan Ahmad Sanjar in 1110-12 AD.[5][6] The Mughal emperor Babur included it in his visit to the city in 1506.[4] A tourist named Alexander Hamilton wrote that the bridge had 17 arches in the late 19th century; the bridge currently has 22.[6] The bridge was also reported to be neglected and falling into decay in the late 1800s.[8] By 1972, part of the bridge had been washed out and was impassable.[3]
A modern bridge was built upstream in 1961–62 (SH 1340). Prior to that construction, Pul-i Malan was the only bridge connecting Herat and Kandahar and was considered important because of that.[2][7] The bridge was partially destroyed during the Soviet–Afghan War, with two guard towers crumbled and 5 arches demolished. The Danish Committee for Aid to Afghan Refugees rebuilt the bridge using concrete and baked bricks, strengthening the foundation and roadway in the process. The bridge reopened for crossing in 1995.[5][6]
References
- ^ "Pul-i Malan (Herat)". Structurae. Retrieved 24 August 2021.
- ^ a b "«مالان» پلی 900 ساله در هرات - FarsNews Agency". af.farsnews.ir (in Persian). 16 December 2017. Retrieved 24 August 2021.
- ^ a b Bordewich, Fergus M. (14 May 1972). "The Center of an Ancient Trade Route, Herat Lives in the Ruins of Its Past". New York Times.
- ^ a b c d Dupree, Nancy Hatch (1977). Historical guide to Afghanistan (PDF). University of Arizona Libraries. doi:10.2458/azu_acku_ds351_d87_1977.
- ^ a b c d e Tirard-Collet, Olivier (1998). "After the War. The Condition of Historical Buildings and Monuments in Herat, Afghanistan". Iran. 36: 123–138. doi:10.2307/4299980. ISSN 0578-6967.
- ^ a b c d e f اویس توخیروزنامه نگار در هرات (18 June 2008). "BBCPersian.com | فرهنگ و هنر | سرگذشت شگفت انگیز پل تاریخی مالان در هرات". www.bbc.com (in Persian). Retrieved 24 August 2021.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ a b "بازسازی پل تاریخی". آوا پرس | اخبار لحظه ای افغانستان (in Persian). 2 July 2009. Retrieved 24 August 2021.
- ^ Goldsmid, F. J. (31 January 1985). "On journeys between Herat and Khiva: lecture, Friday, January 31, 1875". Journal of the Royal United Service Institution.
External links
