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== History ==
== History ==
[[File:DH Emp P6 19691026.png|thumb|right|[[Delaware and Hudson]] Employee Timetable No.1, effective 2:01 AM E.S.T. Sunday, October 26, 1969, Page 6 showing the passenger trains of the [[Frederic C. Dumaine, Jr.|Dumaine]] era, including Nos. 9/10 (the [[Montreal Limited]], night train) and Nos. 34/35 (the Laurentian, day train) in the Saratoga Subdivision.]]
[[File:DH Emp P6 19691026.png|thumb|right|[[Delaware and Hudson]] Employee Timetable No.1, effective 2:01 AM E.S.T. Sunday, October 26, 1969, Page 6 showing the passenger trains of the [[Frederic C. Dumaine, Jr.|Dumaine]] era, including Nos. 9/10 (the [[Montreal Limited]], night train) and Nos. 34/35 (the Laurentian, day train) in the Saratoga Subdivision.]]
The D&H inaugurated the ''Laurentian'' in 1923 as a daytime service between New York City and Montreal, Quebec, via Albany and Lake Champlain.<ref name="nt19740805" /> On the D&H section, [[steam locomotive]]s pulled the train from its inception until 1953 when it received [[diesel locomotive|diesel]] equipment.<ref>{{Harvnb|Shaughnessy|1997}}</ref>{{page needed|date=January 2017}} The [[New York Central Railroad]] handled the train between New York and Albany. From the time of the NYC's merger with the [[Pennsylvania Railroad]] in 1968 the New York City to Albany segment was by the [[Penn Central]]. Altogether the distance between the two cities was {{convert|375|mi|km|0}}.<ref name="nt19740805" /><ref>{{Harvnb|Rittner|2007|p=57}}</ref>
The D&H inaugurated the ''Laurentian'' in 1923 as a daytime service between New York City and Montreal, Quebec, via Albany and Lake Champlain.<ref name="nt19740805" /> On the D&H section, [[steam locomotive]]s pulled the train from its inception until 1953, when it received [[diesel locomotive|diesel]] equipment.<ref>{{Harvnb|Shaughnessy|1997}}</ref>{{page needed|date=January 2017}} The [[New York Central Railroad]] handled the train between New York and Albany. From the time of the NYC's merger with the [[Pennsylvania Railroad]] in 1968, the New York City to Albany segment was operated by the [[Penn Central]]. Altogether, the distance between New York City and Montreal was {{convert|375|mi|km|0}}.<ref name="nt19740805" /><ref>{{Harvnb|Rittner|2007|p=57}}</ref>


===Route===
===Route===
The train covered a [[New York Central]] territory route from New York City's [[Grand Central Terminal]], then crossing the Hudson to the D&H station in Albany, moving onto D&H track territory, headed north to Watervliet and thence to Saratoga Springs. Thereafter, the train followed the route that has become the route of Amtrak's successor ''[[Adirondack (train)|Adirondack]],'' to Fort Edward, Whitehall, Ticonderoga, Plattsburgh and on to Canada. However, its night-time counterpart, the ''Montreal Limited'' (D&H #9, beginning the trip as NYC #61), took an express route from New York City, to Croton-Harmon, to Troy, where it switched to D&H territory, then crossing the Hudson, straight through Saratoga without stopping, and made its next stop at the final U.S. city on the route, Rouses Point.<ref>New York Central timetable, June 1951, Table 56 http://streamlinermemories.info/NYC/NYC51-6TT.pdf</ref><ref>''Official Guide of the Railways,'' August 1949, Delaware and Hudson section, Table 1</ref> Following the demolition of the [[Union Station (Troy, New York)|Troy Union Station]], the night train added a Poughkeepsie stop and stopped at Albany instead of Troy; it also added a stop at Plattsburgh.<ref>New York Central timetable, July 1959, Tables 12, 44 https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d0/New_York_Central_timetable_effective_July_12%2C_1959.pdf</ref>
The train covered a [[New York Central]] route from New York City's [[Grand Central Terminal]] until crossing the Hudson River to the D&H station in Albany, then moving onto D&H tracks headed north to Watervliet and thence to Saratoga Springs. Thereafter, the train followed the route that has become the route of Amtrak's successor ''[[Adirondack (train)|Adirondack]],'' to Fort Edward, Whitehall, Ticonderoga, Plattsburgh and on to Canada. However, its night-time counterpart, the ''Montreal Limited'' (D&H #9, beginning the trip as NYC #61), took an express route from New York City to Troy, where it switched to D&H territory; then crossing the Hudson, straight through Saratoga without stopping, and made its next stop at the final U.S. city on the route, Rouses Point.<ref>New York Central timetable, June 1951, Table 56 http://streamlinermemories.info/NYC/NYC51-6TT.pdf</ref><ref>''Official Guide of the Railways,'' August 1949, Delaware and Hudson section, Table 1</ref> Following the demolition of [[Union Station (Troy, New York)|Troy Union Station]], the night train added a Poughkeepsie stop and stopped at Albany instead of Troy; it also added a stop at Plattsburgh.<ref>New York Central timetable, July 1959, Tables 12, 44 https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d0/New_York_Central_timetable_effective_July_12%2C_1959.pdf</ref>


===Demise===
===Demise===
By 1964 the D&H, which showed little interest in passenger service after the [[Second World War]], considered discontinuing the ''Laurentian'', prompting an outcry from riders in upstate New York.<ref name="sg19640216" /> The ''Laurentian'' survived and received an unlikely upgrade in 1967 at the hands of [[Frederic C. Dumaine, Jr.]], the D&H's new president and a proponent of passenger travel at a time when most railroads in the United States were scaling back or abandoning service altogether. The D&H acquired streamlined [[ALCO PA]] diesel locomotives from the [[Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway]] (ATSF) and passenger coaches from the [[Denver and Rio Grande Western Railroad]] (D&RGW). Repainted in the D&H's distinctive blue-silver-yellow livery, the ''Laurentian'' cut an impressive figure in its last years and this equipment remained in use until the start-up of Amtrak on May 1, 1971. Amtrak declined to retain the New York-Montreal trains, and the ''Laurentian'' made its last run on April 30, 1971.<ref>{{Harvnb|Schafer|2000|pp=37–41}}</ref> In a rare move, however, Amtrak used D&H equipment between Albany and Montreal between 1974–1977 for the newly-named ''[[Adirondack (train)|Adirondack]]'' passenger service.<ref name="40years">{{cite web | url=http://history.amtrak.com/blogs/blog/celebrating-40-years-of-adirondack-service | title=Celebrating 40 Years of the Adirondack | date=August 5, 2014 | access-date=2014-08-05 | author=Amtrak | author-link=Amtrak }}</ref>
By 1964, the D&H, which showed little interest in passenger service after the [[Second World War]], considered discontinuing the ''Laurentian'', prompting an outcry from riders in upstate New York.<ref name="sg19640216" /> The ''Laurentian'' survived and received an unlikely upgrade in 1967 at the hands of [[Frederic C. Dumaine, Jr.]], the D&H's new president and a proponent of passenger travel at a time when most railroads in the United States were scaling back or abandoning service altogether. The D&H acquired streamlined [[ALCO PA]] diesel locomotives from the [[Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway]] (ATSF) and passenger coaches from the [[Denver and Rio Grande Western Railroad]] (D&RGW). Repainted in the D&H's distinctive blue-silver-yellow livery, the ''Laurentian'' cut an impressive figure in its last years, and this equipment remained in use until the start-up of Amtrak on May 1, 1971. Amtrak declined to retain the New York-Montreal trains, and the ''Laurentian'' made its last run on April 30, 1971.<ref>{{Harvnb|Schafer|2000|pp=37–41}}</ref> In a rare move, however, Amtrak used D&H equipment between Albany and Montreal between 1974–1977 for its newly-named ''[[Adirondack (train)|Adirondack]]'' passenger service.<ref name="40years">{{cite web | url=http://history.amtrak.com/blogs/blog/celebrating-40-years-of-adirondack-service | title=Celebrating 40 Years of the Adirondack | date=August 5, 2014 | access-date=2014-08-05 | author=Amtrak | author-link=Amtrak }}</ref>


== Notes ==
== Notes ==

Revision as of 23:29, 21 July 2021

Laurentian
A New York Central switcher with the Laurentian at Albany-Rensselaer in July 1969
Overview
Service typeInter-city rail
StatusDiscontinued
LocaleNortheastern United States
First service1923
Last serviceApril 30, 1971
Former operator(s)
Route
TerminiNew York City, New York
Montreal, Quebec
Distance travelled375.4 miles (604.1 km) (1954)
Average journey timeNorthbound: 10 hrs 5 min
Southbound: 10 hrs (1954)
Service frequencyDaily
Train number(s)Northbound: 35
Southbound: 34
On-board services
Seating arrangementsCoach
Catering facilitiesDining car
Technical
Rolling stockStreamlined passenger cars
Track gauge4 ft 8+1⁄2 in (1,435 mm)

The Laurentian was a named passenger train operated by the Delaware and Hudson Railway between New York City and Montreal, providing same-day daylight service. The train used the D&H's famed route along Lake Champlain north of Albany, New York. The Laurentian, along with its overnight companion the Montreal Limited (#61 northbound/#62 southbound), was the flagship of the D&H from its inauguration in 1923 until its discontinuance on April 30, 1971. Since 1974, Amtrak has operated the Adirondack over the same route.

History

Delaware and Hudson Employee Timetable No.1, effective 2:01 AM E.S.T. Sunday, October 26, 1969, Page 6 showing the passenger trains of the Dumaine era, including Nos. 9/10 (the Montreal Limited, night train) and Nos. 34/35 (the Laurentian, day train) in the Saratoga Subdivision.

The D&H inaugurated the Laurentian in 1923 as a daytime service between New York City and Montreal, Quebec, via Albany and Lake Champlain.[1] On the D&H section, steam locomotives pulled the train from its inception until 1953, when it received diesel equipment.[2][page needed] The New York Central Railroad handled the train between New York and Albany. From the time of the NYC's merger with the Pennsylvania Railroad in 1968, the New York City to Albany segment was operated by the Penn Central. Altogether, the distance between New York City and Montreal was 375 miles (604 km).[1][3]

Route

The train covered a New York Central route from New York City's Grand Central Terminal until crossing the Hudson River to the D&H station in Albany, then moving onto D&H tracks headed north to Watervliet and thence to Saratoga Springs. Thereafter, the train followed the route that has become the route of Amtrak's successor Adirondack, to Fort Edward, Whitehall, Ticonderoga, Plattsburgh and on to Canada. However, its night-time counterpart, the Montreal Limited (D&H #9, beginning the trip as NYC #61), took an express route from New York City to Troy, where it switched to D&H territory; then crossing the Hudson, straight through Saratoga without stopping, and made its next stop at the final U.S. city on the route, Rouses Point.[4][5] Following the demolition of Troy Union Station, the night train added a Poughkeepsie stop and stopped at Albany instead of Troy; it also added a stop at Plattsburgh.[6]

Demise

By 1964, the D&H, which showed little interest in passenger service after the Second World War, considered discontinuing the Laurentian, prompting an outcry from riders in upstate New York.[7] The Laurentian survived and received an unlikely upgrade in 1967 at the hands of Frederic C. Dumaine, Jr., the D&H's new president and a proponent of passenger travel at a time when most railroads in the United States were scaling back or abandoning service altogether. The D&H acquired streamlined ALCO PA diesel locomotives from the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway (ATSF) and passenger coaches from the Denver and Rio Grande Western Railroad (D&RGW). Repainted in the D&H's distinctive blue-silver-yellow livery, the Laurentian cut an impressive figure in its last years, and this equipment remained in use until the start-up of Amtrak on May 1, 1971. Amtrak declined to retain the New York-Montreal trains, and the Laurentian made its last run on April 30, 1971.[8] In a rare move, however, Amtrak used D&H equipment between Albany and Montreal between 1974–1977 for its newly-named Adirondack passenger service.[9]

Notes

  1. ^ a b McKnight, Christine (August 5, 1974). "Adirondack Train Is Ready To Make Inaugural Run". The Telegraph.
  2. ^ Shaughnessy 1997
  3. ^ Rittner 2007, p. 57
  4. ^ New York Central timetable, June 1951, Table 56 http://streamlinermemories.info/NYC/NYC51-6TT.pdf
  5. ^ Official Guide of the Railways, August 1949, Delaware and Hudson section, Table 1
  6. ^ New York Central timetable, July 1959, Tables 12, 44 https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d0/New_York_Central_timetable_effective_July_12%2C_1959.pdf
  7. ^ "54 to Board 'Laurentian' for Dramatic Trip". Schenectady Gazette. February 16, 1964.
  8. ^ Schafer 2000, pp. 37–41
  9. ^ Amtrak (August 5, 2014). "Celebrating 40 Years of the Adirondack". Retrieved 2014-08-05.

References

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