Brassy minnow: Difference between revisions
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{{Short description|Species of fish}} |
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{{Taxobox |
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{{Speciesbox |
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| name = Brassy minnow |
| name = Brassy minnow |
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| status = LC |
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| status_system = IUCN3.1 |
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| phylum = [[Chordata]] |
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| status_ref = <ref name = IUCN>{{Cite journal | author = NatureServe | year = 2013 | title = ''Hybognathus hankinsoni'' | journal = [[The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species]] | volume = 2013 | page = e.T202111A18232466| doi = 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2013-1.RLTS.T202111A18232466.en| doi-access = free }}</ref> |
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| classis = [[Actinopterygii]] |
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| ordo = [[Cypriniformes]] |
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| familia = [[Cyprinidae]] |
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| taxon = Hybognathus hankinsoni |
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| display_parents = 3 |
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| authority = [[Carl Leavitt Hubbs|C. L. Hubbs]], 1929 |
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| binomial_authority = (Hubbs, 1929) |
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}} |
}} |
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The |
[[File:Hybognathus hankinsoni map.png|thumb|right|The map of the distribution of ''Hybognathus hankinsoni'' in the United States]] |
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*http://www.bio.utk.edu/hulseylab/Fishlist.html |
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The '''brassy minnow''' ('''''Hybognathus hankinsoni''''') is a species of fish belonging to the family Cyprinidae. The family Cyprinidae consists of mainly freshwater minnows and carps. |
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The fish gets its scientific name (''Hybognathus hankinsoni'') from the Greek word Hybognathus, meaning bulging jaw, and hankinsoni from the American scientist, T.L. Hankinson.<ref>Phillips, Gary L., William D. Schmid, and James Campbell. Underhill. Fishes of the Minnesota Region. Minneapolis: U of Minnesota, 1982. Print.</ref> It is commonly found throughout the northern United States and Canada.<ref name="nas.er.usgs.gov">Pam Fuller and Matt Neilson. 2016. Hybognathus hankinsoni. USGS Nonindigenous Aquatic Species Database, Gainesville, FL. https://nas.er.usgs.gov/queries/factsheet.aspx?SpeciesID=544 Revision Date: 9/26/2012</ref> |
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== Physical description == |
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{{Fish-stub}} |
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The brassy minnow is typically 4-7.5 cm long and weighs 0.7-4 g.<ref name="Roger">Rodger, Robin W. A. "Fish Facts." (1991): n. pag. B.C. Fish Facts. British Columbia Ministry of Fisheries. Web.</ref> It can be identified by its brassy side coloration, cream underbelly and olive green back. It has larger than usual leptoid(bony ridge) scales.<ref name="Brassy Minnow">Brassy Minnow — Hybognathus hankinsoni. Montana Field Guide. Montana Natural Heritage Program and Montana Fish, Wildlife and Parks. Retrieved on April 29, 2016, from http://FieldGuide.mt.gov/speciesDetail.aspx?elcode=AFCJB16020</ref> and dark stripe that runs from its gill cover to its tail.<ref name="Environment">Environment And Parks - Government Of Alberta, Environment And Sustainable Resource Development - Government Of Alberta. "Status of the Brassy Minnow (Hybognathus Hankinsoni) in Alberta." Status of the Brassy Minnow (Hybognathus Hankisoni) in Alberta (n.d.): n. pag. Alberta's Species at Risk Program. Web.</ref> ''Hybognathus hansinkoni'' have a small [[dorsal fin]] with a rounded tip, and two pelvic fins that lie behind the dorsal fin in the abdominal position.<ref name="Brassy Minnow"/> Female brassy minnows tend to be larger than the males. Additionally, brassy minnows have a small subterminal mouth with a crescent shaped lower jaw, and their caudal (tail) fins are notched. |
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== Distribution == |
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Range extends from the [[St. Lawrence River]] and [[Lake Champlain]] drainages, throughout the [[Great Lakes]] and Northern United States and into [[Alberta]] and [[British Columbia]].<ref name="nas.er.usgs.gov"/> |
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==Habitat== |
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The brassy minnow typically lives in cool, slow moving streams<ref>Nowosad, Damon M., and Eric B. Taylor. "Habitat Variation and Invasive Species as Factors Influencing the Distribution of Native Fishes in the Lower Fraser River Valley, British Columbia, with an Emphasis on Brassy Minnow ( Hybognathus Hankinsoni )." Can. J. Zool. Canadian Journal of Zoology 91.2 (2013): 71-81. Web.</ref> and creeks that have sand, mud or gravel bottoms overlaid with organic sediment.<ref name="Roger"/> They are also found in overflow ponds near rivers, boggy lakes, brackish tidal waters, and ditches with weedy bottoms. They live in water with a large range of pH's, and are able to survive at low oxygen levels, displaying high levels of environmental tolerance.<ref name="Environment" /> The water can be clear or [[turbid]]. Brassy minnows appear to do better in habitats with minimal [[predator]]s, or those that have structure for them to hide in, as they are very susceptible to predation.<ref name="Brassy Minnow"/> |
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==Diet habits== |
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''Hybognathus hankinsoni'' are omnivorous eating [[algae]], [[plankton]] and aquatic invertebrates<ref name="Roger"/> that live in the organic sediment or the weeds that grow in their environment. Although omnivorous, the brassy minnow is typically [[vegetarian]], mainly eating the algae, especially [[diatoms]] and [[desmids]], found growing in the streams and ponds it inhabits. The minnows feed in schools with peak feeding times around 1-3 pm.<ref name="Environment"/> Additionally, brassy minnows are first level consumers and are therefore important in the transfer of nutrients to higher [[trophic level]]s.<ref name="Environment"/> |
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==Reproduction and lifecycle== |
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The brassy minnow becomes sexually active at one to two years of age.<ref name="Roger"/> The fish [[spawn (biology)]] during the months of April through July, depending on the location. In the more northerly range of the brassy minnow, they spawn later in the year than in the south part of their range. The spawning time occurs when the water temperature reaches sixteen to seventeen degrees Celsius.<ref name="Environment"/> They lay their legs on the vegetation and along the bottom of the streams and ponds it inhabits.<ref name="Roger"/> A female brassy minnow can lay up to 2500 eggs, depending on her size, and usually releases the eggs over the course of a week. The eggs take about 7–10 days to hatch and the larvae grow rapidly for the first months.<ref name="Environment"/> The brassy minnow lives up to 5 years and spawns annually. The species is considered to be globally secure, and therefore does not have any conservation concerns.<ref name="Environment"/> |
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{{Reflist}} |
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{{Taxonbar|from=Q1150947}} |
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[[Category:Fish described in 1929]] |
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[[Category:Cyprinid fish of North America]] |
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[[Category:Freshwater fish of the United States]] |
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[[Category:Fish of Canada]] |
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Latest revision as of 13:21, 12 August 2023
| Brassy minnow | |
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| Hybognathus hankinsoni | |
Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Actinopterygii |
| Order: | Cypriniformes |
| Family: | Cyprinidae |
| Subfamily: | Leuciscinae |
| Clade: | Pogonichthyinae |
| Genus: | Hybognathus |
| Species: | H. hankinsoni
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| Binomial name | |
| Hybognathus hankinsoni C. L. Hubbs, 1929
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The brassy minnow (Hybognathus hankinsoni) is a species of fish belonging to the family Cyprinidae. The family Cyprinidae consists of mainly freshwater minnows and carps. The fish gets its scientific name (Hybognathus hankinsoni) from the Greek word Hybognathus, meaning bulging jaw, and hankinsoni from the American scientist, T.L. Hankinson.[2] It is commonly found throughout the northern United States and Canada.[3]
Physical description
[edit]The brassy minnow is typically 4-7.5 cm long and weighs 0.7-4 g.[4] It can be identified by its brassy side coloration, cream underbelly and olive green back. It has larger than usual leptoid(bony ridge) scales.[5] and dark stripe that runs from its gill cover to its tail.[6] Hybognathus hansinkoni have a small dorsal fin with a rounded tip, and two pelvic fins that lie behind the dorsal fin in the abdominal position.[5] Female brassy minnows tend to be larger than the males. Additionally, brassy minnows have a small subterminal mouth with a crescent shaped lower jaw, and their caudal (tail) fins are notched.
Distribution
[edit]Range extends from the St. Lawrence River and Lake Champlain drainages, throughout the Great Lakes and Northern United States and into Alberta and British Columbia.[3]
Habitat
[edit]The brassy minnow typically lives in cool, slow moving streams[7] and creeks that have sand, mud or gravel bottoms overlaid with organic sediment.[4] They are also found in overflow ponds near rivers, boggy lakes, brackish tidal waters, and ditches with weedy bottoms. They live in water with a large range of pH's, and are able to survive at low oxygen levels, displaying high levels of environmental tolerance.[6] The water can be clear or turbid. Brassy minnows appear to do better in habitats with minimal predators, or those that have structure for them to hide in, as they are very susceptible to predation.[5]
Diet habits
[edit]Hybognathus hankinsoni are omnivorous eating algae, plankton and aquatic invertebrates[4] that live in the organic sediment or the weeds that grow in their environment. Although omnivorous, the brassy minnow is typically vegetarian, mainly eating the algae, especially diatoms and desmids, found growing in the streams and ponds it inhabits. The minnows feed in schools with peak feeding times around 1-3 pm.[6] Additionally, brassy minnows are first level consumers and are therefore important in the transfer of nutrients to higher trophic levels.[6]
Reproduction and lifecycle
[edit]The brassy minnow becomes sexually active at one to two years of age.[4] The fish spawn (biology) during the months of April through July, depending on the location. In the more northerly range of the brassy minnow, they spawn later in the year than in the south part of their range. The spawning time occurs when the water temperature reaches sixteen to seventeen degrees Celsius.[6] They lay their legs on the vegetation and along the bottom of the streams and ponds it inhabits.[4] A female brassy minnow can lay up to 2500 eggs, depending on her size, and usually releases the eggs over the course of a week. The eggs take about 7–10 days to hatch and the larvae grow rapidly for the first months.[6] The brassy minnow lives up to 5 years and spawns annually. The species is considered to be globally secure, and therefore does not have any conservation concerns.[6]
References
[edit]- ^ NatureServe (2013). "Hybognathus hankinsoni". The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2013: e.T202111A18232466. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2013-1.RLTS.T202111A18232466.en.
- ^ Phillips, Gary L., William D. Schmid, and James Campbell. Underhill. Fishes of the Minnesota Region. Minneapolis: U of Minnesota, 1982. Print.
- ^ a b Pam Fuller and Matt Neilson. 2016. Hybognathus hankinsoni. USGS Nonindigenous Aquatic Species Database, Gainesville, FL. https://nas.er.usgs.gov/queries/factsheet.aspx?SpeciesID=544 Revision Date: 9/26/2012
- ^ a b c d e Rodger, Robin W. A. "Fish Facts." (1991): n. pag. B.C. Fish Facts. British Columbia Ministry of Fisheries. Web.
- ^ a b c Brassy Minnow — Hybognathus hankinsoni. Montana Field Guide. Montana Natural Heritage Program and Montana Fish, Wildlife and Parks. Retrieved on April 29, 2016, from http://FieldGuide.mt.gov/speciesDetail.aspx?elcode=AFCJB16020
- ^ a b c d e f g Environment And Parks - Government Of Alberta, Environment And Sustainable Resource Development - Government Of Alberta. "Status of the Brassy Minnow (Hybognathus Hankinsoni) in Alberta." Status of the Brassy Minnow (Hybognathus Hankisoni) in Alberta (n.d.): n. pag. Alberta's Species at Risk Program. Web.
- ^ Nowosad, Damon M., and Eric B. Taylor. "Habitat Variation and Invasive Species as Factors Influencing the Distribution of Native Fishes in the Lower Fraser River Valley, British Columbia, with an Emphasis on Brassy Minnow ( Hybognathus Hankinsoni )." Can. J. Zool. Canadian Journal of Zoology 91.2 (2013): 71-81. Web.