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{{Short description|Armed wing of the Democratic Front for the Liberation of Palestine}}
{{Short description|Armed wing of the Democratic Front for the Liberation of Palestine}}
{{about| the militant wing | the political wing | Democratic Front for the Liberation of Palestine }}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2023}}
{{Infobox militant organization
{{Infobox militant organization
| name = National Resistance Brigades<br>{{lang|ar|كتائب المقاومة الوطنية}}
| name = National Resistance Brigades<br>{{lang|ar|كتائب المقاومة الوطنية}}
| other_name = Omar Al-Qasim Forces {{langx|ar|قوات الشهيد عمر القاسم| | Forces of the Martyr Omar Al-Qasim }}<ref>{{cite web | url = https://aja.ws/6kc1xi | access-date = 25 October 2024}}</ref>
| other_name = Omar Al-Qasim Brigades
| founding_leader = [[Nayef Hawatmeh]]
| founding_leader = [[Nayef Hawatmeh]]
| leaders = [[Abu Khaled (DFLP)|Abu Khaled]]
| leaders = [[Abu Khaled (DFLP)|Abu Khaled]]
| logo = Flag of the Democratic Front for the Liberation of Palestine.svg
| foundation = 1969
| foundation = 1969
| dates = 1969-present
| dates = 1969–present
| motives = Establishing an independent secular, and Maoist Palestinian state with the pre-1967 borders
| motives = Establishing an independent secular state on [[Palestine (region)|Historic Palestine]], or Palestinian state with the pre-1967 borders.
| headquarters = [[Gaza Strip]]
| headquarters = [[Gaza Strip]]
| status = Active
| status = Active
Line 17: Line 19:
| allies = '''State allies:''' <br> {{flag|Iran}}<br />{{flag|Syria}} <br> '''Non-state allies:''' <br> {{flagicon|Hamas}} [[Al-Qassam Brigades]]<br />{{flagicon|Palestinian Islamic Jihad}} [[Al-Quds Brigades]]<br />{{flagicon|Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine}} [[Abu Ali Mustafa Brigades]]<br />{{flag|Hezbollah}}<br />{{flagicon|Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine – General Command}} [[Jihad Jibril Brigades]]
| allies = '''State allies:''' <br> {{flag|Iran}}<br />{{flag|Syria}} <br> '''Non-state allies:''' <br> {{flagicon|Hamas}} [[Al-Qassam Brigades]]<br />{{flagicon|Palestinian Islamic Jihad}} [[Al-Quds Brigades]]<br />{{flagicon|Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine}} [[Abu Ali Mustafa Brigades]]<br />{{flag|Hezbollah}}<br />{{flagicon|Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine – General Command}} [[Jihad Jibril Brigades]]
| opponents = {{flag|Israel}}
| opponents = {{flag|Israel}}
| battles = [[First Intifada]]<br>[[Second Intifada]]<br>[[2023 Israel–Hamas war]]
| battles = [[War of Attrition]]<br>[[Black September]]<br>[[Lebanese Civil War]]<br>[[First Intifada]]<br>[[Second Intifada]]<br>[[Gaza War (2008–2009)]]<br>[[2012 Israeli operation in the Gaza Strip|2012 Gaza conflict]]<br>[[2014 Gaza war]]<br>[[2021 Israel–Palestine crisis|2021 Conflict]]
<br>[[2023 Israel–Hamas war]]
}}
}}


The '''National Resistance Brigades''' ({{lang-ar|كتائب المقاومة الوطنية|translit=Katāʼib al-Muqāwamah al-Waṭanīyah}}), also known as '''Martyr Omar Al-Qassem Forces''' or '''Martyr Omar Al-Qasim Forces''',<ref>{{cite news |url=https://group194.net/english/article/71313 |title=A military statement issued by the National Resistance Brigades (Martyr Omar al-Qasim Forces) mourns its martyred fighter, Hassan Muhammad Mansour |date=7 August 2022 |access-date=12 October 2023 |author=DFLP Central Information and Translation |work=Group 194}}</ref> are the military wing of the [[Democratic Front for the Liberation of Palestine]], which operates in [[Gaza Strip|Gaza]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://ecfr.eu/special/mapping_palestinian_politics/national_resistance_brigades_dflp/ |title=National Resistance Brigades – DFLP |access-date=12 October 2023 |work=[[European Council on Foreign Relations]]|date=21 March 2018 }}</ref> and conducts [[guerilla warfare]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://english.iswnews.com/18865/infographic-military-branches-of-the-palestinian-resistance/ |title=Infographic: Military Branches of the Palestinian Resistance |date=18 May 2021 |access-date=12 October 2023 |work=Islamic World News}}</ref> [[Abu Khaled (DFLP)|Abu Khaled]] is one of its commanders.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.dw.com/en/palestinian-armed-groups-reject-is-in-gaza/a-18350920 |title=No room for IS |first=Patrick |last=Strickland |date=4 February 2015 |access-date=12 October 2023 |work=[[Deutsche Welle]]}}</ref>
The '''National Resistance Brigades''' ({{langx|ar|كتائب المقاومة الوطنية|translit=Katāʼib al-Muqāwamah al-Waṭanīyah}}), also known as '''Martyr Omar Al-Qassem Forces''',<ref>{{cite news |url=https://group194.net/english/article/71313 |title=A military statement issued by the National Resistance Brigades (Martyr Omar al-Qasim Forces) mourns its martyred fighter, Hassan Muhammad Mansour |date=7 August 2022 |access-date=12 October 2023 |author=DFLP Central Information and Tr)anslation |work=Group 194}}</ref> ({{langx|ar|قوات الشهيد عمر القاسم}})<ref>{{cite web | url = https://aja.ws/6kc1xi | access-date = 25 October 2024}}</ref> are the military wing of the [[Democratic Front for the Liberation of Palestine]], which operates in [[Gaza Strip|Gaza]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://ecfr.eu/special/mapping_palestinian_politics/national_resistance_brigades_dflp/ |title=National Resistance Brigades – DFLP |access-date=12 October 2023 |work=[[European Council on Foreign Relations]]|date=21 March 2018 }}</ref> and conducts [[guerilla warfare]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://english.iswnews.com/18865/infographic-military-branches-of-the-palestinian-resistance/ |title=Infographic: Military Branches of the Palestinian Resistance |date=18 May 2021 |access-date=12 October 2023 |work=Islamic World News}}</ref> [[Abu Khaled (DFLP)|Abu Khaled]] is one of its commanders.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.dw.com/en/palestinian-armed-groups-reject-is-in-gaza/a-18350920 |title=No room for IS |first=Patrick |last=Strickland |date=4 February 2015 |access-date=12 October 2023 |work=[[Deutsche Welle]]}}</ref>


== History ==
== History ==
It was formed in 1969<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/gazas-armed-groups-gear-next-fight-israel |title=Gaza's armed groups gear up for next fight with Israel |first=Patrick O. |last=Strickland |date=24 March 2015|access-date=12 October 2023 |work=[[Middle East Eye]]}}</ref> but it was established in late September 2000.{{Clarification needed|date=November 2023}}<ref>{{cite journal |url=https://www.palquest.org/en/highlight/23611/democratic-front-liberation-palestine-%E2%80%93-dflp|title=The Democratic Front for the Liberation of Palestine – DFLP |first=Maher |last=Charif |access-date=12 October 2023 |journal=Interactive Encyclopedia of the Palestine Question}}</ref> The group was initially known as the Red Star Brigades, before being renamed the Palestinian National Resistance Battalions during the [[Second Intifada]].<ref name=Camera>{{cite news |url=https://www.camera.org/article/camera-backgrounder-democratic-front-for-the-liberation-of-palestine-dflp/ |title=Backgrounder: Democratic Front for the Liberation of Palestine |first=Sean |last=Durns |date=12 April 2019 |access-date=12 October 2023 |work=[[Committee for Accuracy in Middle East Reporting in America]]}}</ref> They remain committed to a non-intervention policy in the domestic affairs of any [[Arab country]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.islamtimes.org/en/news/299796/dflp-brigades-disappointed-by-hamas-stance-at-march |title=DFLP brigades 'disappointed' by Hamas stance at march |date=8 September 2013 |access-date=12 October 2023 |work=Islam Times}}</ref>
It was formed in 1969<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/gazas-armed-groups-gear-next-fight-israel |title=Gaza's armed groups gear up for next fight with Israel |first=Patrick O. |last=Strickland |date=24 March 2015|access-date=12 October 2023 |work=[[Middle East Eye]]}}</ref> but it was established in late September 2000.{{Clarification needed|date=November 2023}}<ref>{{cite journal |url=https://www.palquest.org/en/highlight/23611/democratic-front-liberation-palestine-%E2%80%93-dflp|title=The Democratic Front for the Liberation of Palestine – DFLP |first=Maher |last=Charif |access-date=12 October 2023 |journal=Interactive Encyclopedia of the Palestine Question}}</ref> The group was initially known as the Red Star Brigades, before being renamed the Palestinian National Resistance Battalions during the [[Second Intifada]].<ref name=Camera>{{cite news |url=https://www.camera.org/article/camera-backgrounder-democratic-front-for-the-liberation-of-palestine-dflp/ |title=Backgrounder: Democratic Front for the Liberation of Palestine |first=Sean |last=Durns |date=12 April 2019 |access-date=12 October 2023 |work=[[Committee for Accuracy in Middle East Reporting in America]]}}</ref> They remain committed to a non-intervention policy in the domestic affairs of any [[Arab country]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.islamtimes.org/en/news/299796/dflp-brigades-disappointed-by-hamas-stance-at-march |title=DFLP brigades 'disappointed' by Hamas stance at march |date=8 September 2013 |access-date=12 October 2023 |work=Islam Times}}</ref>


In August 2001, Palestinian security forces Amin Abu Hatab, aged 26, and Hisham Abu Jamus, aged 24, carried out an attack on an Israeli army base.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.voanews.com/a/a-13-a-2001-08-25-22-radical-66415542/549903.html |title=Radical Palestinian Group Previously Had Kept Low Profile in Clashes |date=27 October 2009 |access-date=12 October 2023 |work=[[VOA News]]}}</ref> They killed three Israeli soldiers.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://gulfnews.com/uae/dflp-chief-vows-more-attacks-against-israel-1.423716 |title=DFLP chief vows more attacks against Israel |date=27 August 2001 |access-date=12 October 2023 |work=[[Gulf News]]}}</ref> In 2005 they reorganized before the [[Israeli disengagement from Gaza]] and took part in firing rockets and mortars against Israeli areas inside Gaza's borders.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.un.org/unispal/document/auto-insert-198315/ |title=A who's who of fighters in Gaza – IRIN news article |date=15 April 2013 |access-date=12 October 2023 |work=[[United Nations]]}}</ref>
In August 2001, Palestinian security forces Amin Abu Hatab, aged 26, and Hisham Abu Jamus, aged 24, carried out an attack on an Israeli army base.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.voanews.com/a/a-13-a-2001-08-25-22-radical-66415542/549903.html |title=Radical Palestinian Group Previously Had Kept Low Profile in Clashes |date=27 October 2009 |access-date=12 October 2023 |work=[[VOA News]]}}</ref> They killed three Israeli soldiers.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://gulfnews.com/uae/dflp-chief-vows-more-attacks-against-israel-1.423716 |title=DFLP chief vows more attacks against Israel |date=27 August 2001 |access-date=12 October 2023 |work=[[Gulf News]]}}</ref> In 2005, they reorganized before the [[Israeli disengagement from Gaza]] and took part in firing rockets and mortars against Israeli areas inside Gaza's borders.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.un.org/unispal/document/auto-insert-198315/ |title=A who's who of fighters in Gaza – IRIN news article |date=15 April 2013 |access-date=12 October 2023 |work=[[United Nations]]}}</ref>


In October 2007, they signed an agreement with other Palestinian factions, including Fatah's [[al-Aqsa Martyrs' Brigades]], and between 2010 and 2011 they carried out attacks with the [[Palestinian Islamic Jihad]].<ref name=Camera/> On 26 September they shelled [[Sderot]] with the al-Aqsa Martyrs' Brigades, which they said was a response to Israeli crimes against Palestinians in the [[West Bank]] and Gaza.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.kuna.net.kw/ArticlePrintPage.aspx?id=1844291 |title=Palestinian resistance factions continue to shell Sdirot |date=26 September 2007 |access-date=12 October 2023 |work=[[Kuwait News Agency]]}}</ref> In May 2017 they conducted a joint exercise with the Abdel Qader al-Husseini Brigades at a military training site in the Gaza Strip to display new artillery and missile tactics.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://middleeastobserver.org/2017/05/07/palestinian-resistance-brigades-conduct-joint-military-exercise-in-gaza/ |title=Palestinian resistance brigades conduct joint military exercise in Gaza |date=7 May 2017 |access-date=12 October 2023 |author=Staff |work=Middle East Observer}}</ref>
In October 2007, they signed an agreement with other Palestinian factions, including Fatah's [[al-Aqsa Martyrs' Brigades]], and between 2010 and 2011 they carried out attacks with the [[Palestinian Islamic Jihad]].<ref name=Camera/> On 26 September they shelled [[Sderot]] with the al-Aqsa Martyrs' Brigades, which they said was a response to Israeli crimes against Palestinians in the [[West Bank]] and Gaza.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.kuna.net.kw/ArticlePrintPage.aspx?id=1844291 |title=Palestinian resistance factions continue to shell Sdirot |date=26 September 2007 |access-date=12 October 2023 |work=[[Kuwait News Agency]]}}</ref> They took part in the 2014 Gaza War, and their spokesman Abu Khaled reported in an interview that 25 members of the National Resistance Brigades had been killed, including media officer Youssef Al-Wasifi. He reported that 750 rockets and mortar shells had been fired by the brigades at Israeli settlements, 20 sniper operations had been carried out, and that they had killed at least 8 Israeli soldiers in video-recorded operations.<ref>{{Citation |last= |title=Palestinian resistance factions confirm their unity in the face of the occupation |url=http://archive.org/details/roundtable-interview-gaza-triumphs |access-date=2024-04-08}}</ref> In May 2017 they conducted a joint exercise with the Abdel Qader al-Husseini Brigades at a military training site in the Gaza Strip to display new artillery and missile tactics.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://middleeastobserver.org/2017/05/07/palestinian-resistance-brigades-conduct-joint-military-exercise-in-gaza/ |title=Palestinian resistance brigades conduct joint military exercise in Gaza |date=7 May 2017 |access-date=12 October 2023 |author=Staff |work=Middle East Observer}}</ref>


On 30 March 2018, 'Abd al-Qader Mardi and Suliman al-Hawajri, members of the National Resistance Brigades, were killed during the [[Great Return March]] but didn't participate in hostilities.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.btselem.org/statistics/fatalities/after-cast-lead/by-date-of-event/gaza/palestinian-minors-killed-by-israeli-security-forces |title=Palestinian minors killed by Israeli security forces in the Gaza Strip, since Operation Cast Lead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230804113459/https://www.btselem.org/statistics/fatalities/after-cast-lead/by-date-of-event/gaza/palestinian-minors-killed-by-israeli-security-forces |archive-date=4 August 2023 |access-date=12 October 2023 |work=[[Btselem]] |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://palsawa.com/post/146969/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B7%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%AA%D8%B4%D9%8A-%D8%B9-%D8%AC%D8%AB%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D9%87%D9%8A%D8%AF-%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%AF-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AC%D8%B1%D9%8A |title="الديمقراطية" تشيّع جثمان الشهيد عبد القادر الحواجري |date=31 March 2018 |access-date=12 October 2023|language=ar |work=Palsawa}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://jcpa.org/toronto-group-prays-for-palestinian-terrorists/#_edn90 |title=Toronto Group Prays for Palestinian Terrorists |first=Jonathan D. |last=Halevi |date=17 December 2018|access-date=12 October 2023 |work=[[Jerusalem Center for Public Affairs]]}}</ref> In 2020 they expanded their online presence and they promoted their militant activity on [[Telegram (software)|Telegram]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2020/01/the-dflp-and-the-resistance-brigades-promote-militant-activity-on-telegram.php |title=The DFLP and the Resistance Brigades promote militant activity on Telegram|first=Joe|last=Truzman |date=14 January 2020 |access-date=12 October 2023 |newspaper=[[Long War Journal]]}}</ref> In May 2021 they targeted [[Sufa, Israel|Sufa]], in Israel, with rockets.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://english.almanar.com.lb/1344169|title=Palestinian National Resistance Brigades announces targeting Israeli Soufa post with a barrage of rockets in retaliation to Israeli aggression |date=18 May 2021 |access-date=12 October 2023 |work=[[Al Manar TV]]}}</ref>
On 30 March 2018, 'Abd al-Qader Mardi and Suliman al-Hawajri, members of the National Resistance Brigades, were killed during the [[Great Return March]] but didn't participate in hostilities.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.btselem.org/statistics/fatalities/after-cast-lead/by-date-of-event/gaza/palestinian-minors-killed-by-israeli-security-forces |title=Palestinian minors killed by Israeli security forces in the Gaza Strip, since Operation Cast Lead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230804113459/https://www.btselem.org/statistics/fatalities/after-cast-lead/by-date-of-event/gaza/palestinian-minors-killed-by-israeli-security-forces |archive-date=4 August 2023 |access-date=12 October 2023 |work=[[Btselem]] |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://palsawa.com/post/146969/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B7%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%AA%D8%B4%D9%8A-%D8%B9-%D8%AC%D8%AB%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D9%87%D9%8A%D8%AF-%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%AF-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AC%D8%B1%D9%8A |title="الديمقراطية" تشيّع جثمان الشهيد عبد القادر الحواجري |date=31 March 2018 |access-date=12 October 2023|language=ar |work=Palsawa}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://jcpa.org/toronto-group-prays-for-palestinian-terrorists/#_edn90 |title=Toronto Group Prays for Palestinian Terrorists |first=Jonathan D. |last=Halevi |date=17 December 2018|access-date=12 October 2023 |work=[[Jerusalem Center for Public Affairs]]}}</ref> In 2020 they expanded their online presence and they promoted their militant activity on [[Telegram (software)|Telegram]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2020/01/the-dflp-and-the-resistance-brigades-promote-militant-activity-on-telegram.php |title=The DFLP and the Resistance Brigades promote militant activity on Telegram|first=Joe|last=Truzman |date=14 January 2020 |access-date=12 October 2023 |newspaper=[[Long War Journal]]}}</ref> In May 2021 they targeted [[Sufa, Israel|Sufa]], in Israel, with rockets.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://english.almanar.com.lb/1344169|title=Palestinian National Resistance Brigades announces targeting Israeli Soufa post with a barrage of rockets in retaliation to Israeli aggression |date=18 May 2021 |access-date=12 October 2023 |work=[[Al Manar TV]]}}</ref>


In February 2023, they announced that they bombed Israeli settlements bordering the Gaza Strip in response to Israeli strikes,<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.aa.com.tr/en/world/israeli-army-strikes-palestinian-factions-sites-in-gaza/2804043 |title=Israeli army strikes Palestinian factions' sites in Gaza |first=Hani |last=Al-Shaer |date=2 February 2023 |access-date=12 October 2023 |work=[[aa.com.tr]]}}</ref> and in April they bombed the city of [[Ashkelon]].{{cn|date=October 2023}}
In February 2023, they announced that they bombed Israeli settlements bordering the Gaza Strip in response to Israeli strikes,<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.aa.com.tr/en/world/israeli-army-strikes-palestinian-factions-sites-in-gaza/2804043 |title=Israeli army strikes Palestinian factions' sites in Gaza |first=Hani |last=Al-Shaer |date=2 February 2023 |access-date=12 October 2023 |work=[[aa.com.tr]]}}</ref> and in April they bombed the city of [[Ashkelon]].{{citation needed|date=October 2023}}


=== 2023 Hamas-led attack on Israel ===
=== Israel-Hamas war ===
The National Resistance Brigades participated in the [[2023 Hamas-led attack on Israel]] against Israeli forces<ref>{{Cite web |last=الانترنت |first=الحرية-مجلة التقدميين العرب على |script-title=ar:"أبو خالد" الناطق العسكري لكتائب المقاومة الوطنية (قوات الشهيد عمر القاسم) الجناح العسكري للجبهة الديمقراطية لتحرير فلسطين |title="abu khalid" alnaatiq aleaskariu likatayib almuqawamat alwatania (quaat alshahid eumar alqasuma) aljanah aleaskarii liljabhat aldiymuqratiat litahrir filastin |trans-title=“Abu Khaled,” the military spokesman for the National Resistance Brigades (Forces of the Martyr Omar Al-Qasim), the military wing of the Democratic Front for the Liberation of Palestine |language=ar |url=https://alhourriah.org/article/125236 |url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231008113130/https://alhourriah.org/article/125236 |archive-date=8 October 2023 |access-date=8 October 2023 |publisher=مجلة التقدميين العرب على الانترنت}}</ref> and their troops joined the operation launched by [[Hamas]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.plenglish.com/news/2023/10/07/palestinian-militias-back-hamas-against-israel/ |title=Palestinian militias back Hamas against Israel |date=7 October 2023 |access-date=12 October 2023 |work=[[Prensa Latina]]}}</ref> On 7 October they claimed to have lost three fighters in combat with the [[Israel Defense Forces]], and on 8 October they were engaged with Israeli forces in [[Kfar Aza]], [[Be'eri]], and [[Kissufim]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=الانترنت |first=الحرية-مجلة التقدميين العرب على |script-title=ar:خلال بيان لها قبل قليل.. كتائب المقاومة الوطنية (قوات الشهيد عمر القاسم) الجناح العسكري للجبهة الديمقراطية |title=khilal bayan laha qabl qalilin.. katayib almuqawamat alwatania (quaat alshahid eumar alqasuma) aljanah aleaskarii liljabhat aldiymuqratia |trans-title=During a statement a short while ago...the National Resistance Brigades (Forces of the Martyr Omar Al-Qasim), the military wing of the Democratic Front |language=ar |url=https://alhourriah.org/article/125237 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231008112533/https://alhourriah.org/article/125237 |archive-date=8 October 2023 |access-date=8 October 2023 |publisher=مجلة التقدميين العرب على الانترنت}}</ref>
The National Resistance Brigades participated in the [[2023 Hamas-led attack on Israel]] against Israeli forces, which began the ongoing [[Israel–Hamas war|Israel-Hamas war]],<ref>{{Cite web |last=الانترنت |first=الحرية-مجلة التقدميين العرب على |script-title=ar:"أبو خالد" الناطق العسكري لكتائب المقاومة الوطنية (قوات الشهيد عمر القاسم) الجناح العسكري للجبهة الديمقراطية لتحرير فلسطين |title="abu khalid" alnaatiq aleaskariu likatayib almuqawamat alwatania (quaat alshahid eumar alqasuma) aljanah aleaskarii liljabhat aldiymuqratiat litahrir filastin |trans-title=“Abu Khaled,” the military spokesman for the National Resistance Brigades (Forces of the Martyr Omar Al-Qasim), the military wing of the Democratic Front for the Liberation of Palestine |language=ar |url=https://alhourriah.org/article/125236 |url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231008113130/https://alhourriah.org/article/125236 |archive-date=8 October 2023 |access-date=8 October 2023 |publisher=مجلة التقدميين العرب على الانترنت}}</ref> and their troops joined the operation launched by [[Hamas]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.plenglish.com/news/2023/10/07/palestinian-militias-back-hamas-against-israel/ |title=Palestinian militias back Hamas against Israel |date=7 October 2023 |access-date=12 October 2023 |work=[[Prensa Latina]]}}</ref> On 7 October they claimed to have lost three fighters in combat with the [[Israel Defense Forces]], and on 8 October they were engaged with Israeli forces in [[Kfar Aza]], [[Be'eri]], and [[Kissufim]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=الانترنت |first=الحرية-مجلة التقدميين العرب على |script-title=ar:خلال بيان لها قبل قليل.. كتائب المقاومة الوطنية (قوات الشهيد عمر القاسم) الجناح العسكري للجبهة الديمقراطية |title=khilal bayan laha qabl qalilin.. katayib almuqawamat alwatania (quaat alshahid eumar alqasuma) aljanah aleaskarii liljabhat aldiymuqratia |trans-title=During a statement a short while ago...the National Resistance Brigades (Forces of the Martyr Omar Al-Qasim), the military wing of the Democratic Front |language=ar |url=https://alhourriah.org/article/125237 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231008112533/https://alhourriah.org/article/125237 |archive-date=8 October 2023 |access-date=8 October 2023 |publisher=مجلة التقدميين العرب على الانترنت}}</ref>


On February 19, 2024, their spokesman Abu Khaled announced that during the Al-Aqsa Flood battle, the National Resistance Brigades had carried out more than 400 operations, including 100 armed clashes with Israeli forces, targeting 25 vehicles, sniping 5 soldiers, firing 110 rocket salvoes, targeting 160 positions with mortars, and shooting down Israeli drones. He also stated that 37 fighters had been killed during the war, including on October 7th and from airstrikes, and others had been arrested or were missing.<ref>{{Cite web |last=الانترنت |first=الحرية-مجلة التقدميين العرب على |title=الناطق العسكري أبو خالد، المتحدث بإسم «قوات الشهيد عمر القاسم»: نفذ مقاتلونا خلال معركة طوفان الأقصى مايزيد عن (400) مهمة عسكرية وشملت |url=https://alhourriah.org/article/132203 |access-date=2024-02-20 |website=مجلة التقدميين العرب على الانترنت}}</ref>
On February 19, 2024, their spokesman Abu Khaled announced that during the attack, the National Resistance Brigades had carried out more than 400 operations, including 100 armed clashes with Israeli forces, targeting 25 vehicles, sniping 5 soldiers, firing 110 rocket salvoes, targeting 160 positions with mortars, and shooting down Israeli drones. He also stated that 37 fighters had been killed during the war, including on October 7 and from airstrikes, and others had been arrested or were missing.<ref>{{Cite web |last=الانترنت |first=الحرية-مجلة التقدميين العرب على |title=الناطق العسكري أبو خالد، المتحدث بإسم "قوات الشهيد عمر القاسم": نفذ مقاتلونا خلال معركة طوفان الأقصى مايزيد عن (400) مهمة عسكرية وشملت |url=https://alhourriah.org/article/132203 |access-date=2024-02-20 |website=مجلة التقدميين العرب على الانترنت}}</ref>

Since the start of the war, the National Resistance Brigades have participated in subsequent fighting against the IDF throughout the Gaza Strip, alongside Hamas' [[al-Qassam Brigades]] and other [[Palestinian Joint Operations Room|allied Palestinian factions]].<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=2023-11-07 |title=Not only Hamas: eight factions at war with Israel in Gaza |url=https://www.newsweek.com/not-only-hamas-eight-factions-war-israel-gaza-1841292 |access-date=2024-09-22 |website=Newsweek |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=22 May 2024 |title=With Al-Qassam and Al-Quds Brigades, four other armed Palestinian factions are fighting Israel in Gaza |url=https://www.newarab.com/news/four-other-armed-palestinian-groups-fighting-israel-gaza |website=The New Arab}}</ref>


==References==
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{reflist}}


[[Category:Anti-Israeli sentiment in Palestine]]
[[Category:Democratic Front for the Liberation of Palestine]]
[[Category:Democratic Front for the Liberation of Palestine]]
[[Category:Anti-Zionism in the Palestinian territories]]
[[Category:Anti-Zionism in the Palestinian territories]]
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[[Category:Political parties established in 1969]]
[[Category:Political parties established in 1969]]
[[Category:Axis of Resistance]]
[[Category:Axis of Resistance]]
[[Category:Palestinian Joint Operations Room member groups]]
[[Category:Military wings of socialist parties]]
[[Category:Military wings of communist parties]]

Latest revision as of 19:31, 20 November 2024

This article is about the militant wing. For the political wing, see Democratic Front for the Liberation of Palestine.

National Resistance Brigades
كتائب المقاومة الوطنية
Also known asOmar Al-Qasim Forces Arabic: قوات الشهيد عمر القاسم, lit. 'Forces of the Martyr Omar Al-Qasim'[1]
Founding leaderNayef Hawatmeh
LeadersAbu Khaled
Foundation1969
Dates of operation1969–present
CountryPalestine
Allegiance Democratic Front for the Liberation of Palestine
MotivesEstablishing an independent secular state on Historic Palestine, or Palestinian state with the pre-1967 borders.
HeadquartersGaza Strip
Ideology
StatusActive
AlliesState allies:
 Iran
 Syria
Non-state allies:
Hamas Al-Qassam Brigades
Palestinian Islamic Jihad Al-Quds Brigades
Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine Abu Ali Mustafa Brigades
 Hezbollah
Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine – General Command Jihad Jibril Brigades
Opponents Israel
Battles and warsWar of Attrition
Black September
Lebanese Civil War
First Intifada
Second Intifada
Gaza War (2008–2009)
2012 Gaza conflict
2014 Gaza war
2021 Conflict
2023 Israel–Hamas war

The National Resistance Brigades (Arabic: كتائب المقاومة الوطنية, romanized: Katāʼib al-Muqāwamah al-Waṭanīyah), also known as Martyr Omar Al-Qassem Forces,[4] (Arabic: قوات الشهيد عمر القاسم)[5] are the military wing of the Democratic Front for the Liberation of Palestine, which operates in Gaza[6] and conducts guerilla warfare.[7] Abu Khaled is one of its commanders.[8]

History

[edit]

It was formed in 1969[9] but it was established in late September 2000.[clarification needed][10] The group was initially known as the Red Star Brigades, before being renamed the Palestinian National Resistance Battalions during the Second Intifada.[11] They remain committed to a non-intervention policy in the domestic affairs of any Arab country.[12]

In August 2001, Palestinian security forces Amin Abu Hatab, aged 26, and Hisham Abu Jamus, aged 24, carried out an attack on an Israeli army base.[13] They killed three Israeli soldiers.[14] In 2005, they reorganized before the Israeli disengagement from Gaza and took part in firing rockets and mortars against Israeli areas inside Gaza's borders.[15]

In October 2007, they signed an agreement with other Palestinian factions, including Fatah's al-Aqsa Martyrs' Brigades, and between 2010 and 2011 they carried out attacks with the Palestinian Islamic Jihad.[11] On 26 September they shelled Sderot with the al-Aqsa Martyrs' Brigades, which they said was a response to Israeli crimes against Palestinians in the West Bank and Gaza.[16] They took part in the 2014 Gaza War, and their spokesman Abu Khaled reported in an interview that 25 members of the National Resistance Brigades had been killed, including media officer Youssef Al-Wasifi. He reported that 750 rockets and mortar shells had been fired by the brigades at Israeli settlements, 20 sniper operations had been carried out, and that they had killed at least 8 Israeli soldiers in video-recorded operations.[17] In May 2017 they conducted a joint exercise with the Abdel Qader al-Husseini Brigades at a military training site in the Gaza Strip to display new artillery and missile tactics.[18]

On 30 March 2018, 'Abd al-Qader Mardi and Suliman al-Hawajri, members of the National Resistance Brigades, were killed during the Great Return March but didn't participate in hostilities.[19][20][21] In 2020 they expanded their online presence and they promoted their militant activity on Telegram.[22] In May 2021 they targeted Sufa, in Israel, with rockets.[23]

In February 2023, they announced that they bombed Israeli settlements bordering the Gaza Strip in response to Israeli strikes,[24] and in April they bombed the city of Ashkelon.[citation needed]

Israel-Hamas war

[edit]

The National Resistance Brigades participated in the 2023 Hamas-led attack on Israel against Israeli forces, which began the ongoing Israel-Hamas war,[25] and their troops joined the operation launched by Hamas.[26] On 7 October they claimed to have lost three fighters in combat with the Israel Defense Forces, and on 8 October they were engaged with Israeli forces in Kfar Aza, Be'eri, and Kissufim.[27]

On February 19, 2024, their spokesman Abu Khaled announced that during the attack, the National Resistance Brigades had carried out more than 400 operations, including 100 armed clashes with Israeli forces, targeting 25 vehicles, sniping 5 soldiers, firing 110 rocket salvoes, targeting 160 positions with mortars, and shooting down Israeli drones. He also stated that 37 fighters had been killed during the war, including on October 7 and from airstrikes, and others had been arrested or were missing.[28]

Since the start of the war, the National Resistance Brigades have participated in subsequent fighting against the IDF throughout the Gaza Strip, alongside Hamas' al-Qassam Brigades and other allied Palestinian factions.[29][30]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ https://aja.ws/6kc1xi. Retrieved 25 October 2024. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  2. ^ "Democratic Front for the Liberation of Palestine (DFLP)". irp.fas.org.
  3. ^ "PFLP, DFLP, PFLP-GC, Palestinian leftists". Council on Foreign Relations.
  4. ^ DFLP Central Information and Tr)anslation (7 August 2022). "A military statement issued by the National Resistance Brigades (Martyr Omar al-Qasim Forces) mourns its martyred fighter, Hassan Muhammad Mansour". Group 194. Retrieved 12 October 2023.
  5. ^ https://aja.ws/6kc1xi. Retrieved 25 October 2024. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  6. ^ "National Resistance Brigades – DFLP". European Council on Foreign Relations. 21 March 2018. Retrieved 12 October 2023.
  7. ^ "Infographic: Military Branches of the Palestinian Resistance". Islamic World News. 18 May 2021. Retrieved 12 October 2023.
  8. ^ Strickland, Patrick (4 February 2015). "No room for IS". Deutsche Welle. Retrieved 12 October 2023.
  9. ^ Strickland, Patrick O. (24 March 2015). "Gaza's armed groups gear up for next fight with Israel". Middle East Eye. Retrieved 12 October 2023.
  10. ^ Charif, Maher. "The Democratic Front for the Liberation of Palestine – DFLP". Interactive Encyclopedia of the Palestine Question. Retrieved 12 October 2023.
  11. ^ a b Durns, Sean (12 April 2019). "Backgrounder: Democratic Front for the Liberation of Palestine". Committee for Accuracy in Middle East Reporting in America. Retrieved 12 October 2023.
  12. ^ "DFLP brigades 'disappointed' by Hamas stance at march". Islam Times. 8 September 2013. Retrieved 12 October 2023.
  13. ^ "Radical Palestinian Group Previously Had Kept Low Profile in Clashes". VOA News. 27 October 2009. Retrieved 12 October 2023.
  14. ^ "DFLP chief vows more attacks against Israel". Gulf News. 27 August 2001. Retrieved 12 October 2023.
  15. ^ "A who's who of fighters in Gaza – IRIN news article". United Nations. 15 April 2013. Retrieved 12 October 2023.
  16. ^ "Palestinian resistance factions continue to shell Sdirot". Kuwait News Agency. 26 September 2007. Retrieved 12 October 2023.
  17. ^ Palestinian resistance factions confirm their unity in the face of the occupation, retrieved 8 April 2024
  18. ^ Staff (7 May 2017). "Palestinian resistance brigades conduct joint military exercise in Gaza". Middle East Observer. Retrieved 12 October 2023.
  19. ^ "Palestinian minors killed by Israeli security forces in the Gaza Strip, since Operation Cast Lead". Btselem. Archived from the original on 4 August 2023. Retrieved 12 October 2023.
  20. ^ ""الديمقراطية" تشيّع جثمان الشهيد عبد القادر الحواجري". Palsawa (in Arabic). 31 March 2018. Retrieved 12 October 2023.
  21. ^ Halevi, Jonathan D. (17 December 2018). "Toronto Group Prays for Palestinian Terrorists". Jerusalem Center for Public Affairs. Retrieved 12 October 2023.
  22. ^ Truzman, Joe (14 January 2020). "The DFLP and the Resistance Brigades promote militant activity on Telegram". Long War Journal. Retrieved 12 October 2023.
  23. ^ "Palestinian National Resistance Brigades announces targeting Israeli Soufa post with a barrage of rockets in retaliation to Israeli aggression". Al Manar TV. 18 May 2021. Retrieved 12 October 2023.
  24. ^ Al-Shaer, Hani (2 February 2023). "Israeli army strikes Palestinian factions' sites in Gaza". aa.com.tr. Retrieved 12 October 2023.
  25. ^ الانترنت, الحرية-مجلة التقدميين العرب على. ""abu khalid" alnaatiq aleaskariu likatayib almuqawamat alwatania (quaat alshahid eumar alqasuma) aljanah aleaskarii liljabhat aldiymuqratiat litahrir filastin" "أبو خالد" الناطق العسكري لكتائب المقاومة الوطنية (قوات الشهيد عمر القاسم) الجناح العسكري للجبهة الديمقراطية لتحرير فلسطين [“Abu Khaled,” the military spokesman for the National Resistance Brigades (Forces of the Martyr Omar Al-Qasim), the military wing of the Democratic Front for the Liberation of Palestine] (in Arabic). مجلة التقدميين العرب على الانترنت. Archived from the original on 8 October 2023. Retrieved 8 October 2023.
  26. ^ "Palestinian militias back Hamas against Israel". Prensa Latina. 7 October 2023. Retrieved 12 October 2023.
  27. ^ الانترنت, الحرية-مجلة التقدميين العرب على. "khilal bayan laha qabl qalilin.. katayib almuqawamat alwatania (quaat alshahid eumar alqasuma) aljanah aleaskarii liljabhat aldiymuqratia" خلال بيان لها قبل قليل.. كتائب المقاومة الوطنية (قوات الشهيد عمر القاسم) الجناح العسكري للجبهة الديمقراطية [During a statement a short while ago...the National Resistance Brigades (Forces of the Martyr Omar Al-Qasim), the military wing of the Democratic Front] (in Arabic). مجلة التقدميين العرب على الانترنت. Archived from the original on 8 October 2023. Retrieved 8 October 2023.
  28. ^ الانترنت, الحرية-مجلة التقدميين العرب على. "الناطق العسكري أبو خالد، المتحدث بإسم "قوات الشهيد عمر القاسم": نفذ مقاتلونا خلال معركة طوفان الأقصى مايزيد عن (400) مهمة عسكرية وشملت". مجلة التقدميين العرب على الانترنت. Retrieved 20 February 2024.
  29. ^ "Not only Hamas: eight factions at war with Israel in Gaza". Newsweek. 7 November 2023. Retrieved 22 September 2024.
  30. ^ "With Al-Qassam and Al-Quds Brigades, four other armed Palestinian factions are fighting Israel in Gaza". The New Arab. 22 May 2024.
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