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Coordinates: 54°52′24″N 1°25′26″W / 54.8732°N 1.4238°W / 54.8732; -1.4238
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{{Short description|Suburb in Tyne and Wear, England}}
{{Other places|Farringdon (disambiguation){{!}}Farringdon}}
{{Other places|Farringdon (disambiguation){{!}}Farringdon}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2019}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2024}}
{{Infobox UK place
{{Infobox UK place
| official_name = Farringdon
| official_name = Farringdon
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| static_image_caption = Pictured from top right clockwise: Arbroath Road, Anthony Road (Former site of Farringdon Hall), Abercorn Road, Farringdon Country Park
| static_image_caption = Pictured from top right clockwise: Arbroath Road, Anthony Road (Former site of Farringdon Hall), Abercorn Road, Farringdon Country Park
| map_type = Tyne and Wear
| map_type = Tyne and Wear
| population =
| population = 9449
| population_ref = {{citation needed|date=August 2022}}
| population_ref = (2011 census)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ukcensusdata.com/st-chads-e05001166#sthash.2jpDy9TV.dpbs
|last= |first= |year=2011|title= St. Chad's|website=ukcensusdata.com/|publisher= UK Census Data|access-date=30 August 2022|quote=}}</ref> (Figure also includes neighbouring East & Middle Herrington as part of the St. Chad's Ward)
| coordinates = {{coord|54.8732|-1.4238|display=inline,title}}
| coordinates = {{coord|54.8732|-1.4238|display=inline,title}}
| post_town = Sunderland
| post_town = Sunderland
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==Geology==
==Geology==


The area of Sunderland Farringdon is built on was formed around 252 to 272 million years ago during the [[Permian period]], and as per the wider region is theorized to have been a shallow carbonate sea<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.geolsoc.org.uk/Policy-and-Media/Outreach/Plate-Tectonic-Stories/Zechstein-Reef|title=Zechstein Reefs, North Sea
The area of Sunderland Farringdon is built on was formed during the [[Permian period]], and as per the wider region is theorized to have been a shallow carbonate sea.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.geolsoc.org.uk/Policy-and-Media/Outreach/Plate-Tectonic-Stories/Zechstein-Reef|title=Zechstein Reefs, North Sea
|last= |first= |date=2012|website=www.geolsoc.org.uk|publisher= The Geological Society of London|access-date=2022-08-30|quote=}}</ref>. The bedrocks of the area consist of carbonate material including coral and shell fragments forming beds and local reefs. Above this near the surface lies significant clay deposits of a glacigenic origin which are over 2 million years old. The British Geological Survey memoir for the wider area refers to the superficial deposits of the area as 'Complex drift of East Herrington and Silksworth', a thin sequence of bedded sand, gravels and clays.<ref>{{cite web|title=Geology of the country around Sunderland Memoir for 1:50 000 geological sheet 21 (England and Wales)|url=https://webapps.bgs.ac.uk/Memoirs/docs/B01500.html
|last= |first= |year=2012|website=www.geolsoc.org.uk|publisher= The Geological Society of London|access-date=30 August 2022|quote=}}</ref> The bedrocks of the area consist of carbonate material including coral and shell fragments forming beds and local reefs. Above this near the surface lies significant clay deposits of a glacigenic origin which are over 2 million years old. The British Geological Survey memoir for this specific locality refers to the superficial deposits of the area as 'Complex drift of East Herrington and Silksworth', a thin sequence of bedded sand, gravels and clays.<ref>{{cite web|title=Geology of the country around Sunderland Memoir for 1:50 000 geological sheet 21 (England and Wales)|url=https://webapps.bgs.ac.uk/Memoirs/docs/B01500.html
|last= Smith |first= D.B |date=1994|website=webapps.bgs.ac.uk|publisher= The British Geological Survey|access-date=2022-08-30|quote=}}</ref>
|last= Smith |first= D.&nbsp;B. |year=1994|website=webapps.bgs.ac.uk|publisher= The British Geological Survey|access-date=30 August 2022|quote=}}</ref>


==History==
==History==
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Recorded human activity on Farringdon has been dated to the Neolithic era, due to a stone axe uncovered during construction work in the 1950s.<ref>{{cite web
Recorded human activity on Farringdon has been dated to the Neolithic era, due to a stone axe uncovered during construction work in the 1950s.<ref>{{cite web
|url= https://twsitelines.info/SMR/222|title= Tyne and Wear HER(222): Farringdon, polished axe - Details|last= Morrison|first= Jennifer|date= |website= Sitelines|publisher= Tyne and Wear Archaeology Office|access-date=2020-12-11|quote=}}</ref>
|url= https://twsitelines.info/SMR/222|title= Tyne and Wear HER(222): Farringdon, polished axe – Details|last= Morrison|first= Jennifer|date= |website= Sitelines|publisher= Tyne and Wear Archaeology Office|access-date=11 December 2020|quote=}}</ref>


===The Middle Ages===
===The Middle Ages===
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[[File:Farnton Hall, 1577.jpg|thumb|left|Farringdon in 1577, named as "Farnton Hall" on a map by Christopher Saxon which originally belonged to Elizabeth I's secretary of state]]
[[File:Farnton Hall, 1577.jpg|thumb|left|Farringdon in 1577, named as "Farnton Hall" on a map by Christopher Saxon which originally belonged to Elizabeth I's secretary of state]]


The parish of [[Bishopwearmouth]] in the Middle Ages was divided into a number of copyholdings held by custom of the Bishop of Durham, of which was delegated to various tenants.<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.victoriacountyhistory.ac.uk/explore/sites/explore/files/explore_assets/2010/03/22/Bishopwearmouth_medieval_village.pdf|title= The medieval village of Bishopwearmouth|date= 2020-02-18|website= Victoria County History|publisher= Victory County History|access-date=2021-07-19|quote=}}</ref> Farringdon emerged as a part of this system and operated as a block [[Demesne]], whilst being also a hamlet and estate under the township of [[Silksworth]].<ref>{{cite book
The parish of [[Bishopwearmouth]] in the Middle Ages was divided into a number of copyholdings held by custom of the Bishop of Durham, of which was delegated to various tenants.<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.victoriacountyhistory.ac.uk/explore/sites/explore/files/explore_assets/2010/03/22/Bishopwearmouth_medieval_village.pdf|title= The medieval village of Bishopwearmouth|date= 18 February 2020|website= Victoria County History|publisher= Victory County History|access-date=19 July 2021|quote=}}</ref> Farringdon emerged as a part of this system and operated as a block [[Demesne]], whilst being also a hamlet and estate under the township of [[Silksworth]].<ref>{{cite book
|last= Blair |first= Hunter |author-link= |date= 2014 |title= The Open Fields of England |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=QGigAwAAQBAJ&q=%22farendon%22&pg=PA102|location= Oxford|publisher= Oxford University Press|page= 102|isbn=9780198702955}}</ref>
|last= Blair |first= Hunter |author-link= |year= 2014 |title= The Open Fields of England |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=QGigAwAAQBAJ&q=%22farendon%22&pg=PA102|location= Oxford|publisher= Oxford University Press|page= 102|isbn=9780198702955}}</ref>


The name derives from: "Farm or hill of Faer or his sons";<ref>{{cite book|last=Mawer|first=Allen|title=The Place-Names of Northumberland and Durham|url=https://altogetherarchaeology.org/Place%20Names/PLACE-NAMES%20OF%20NORTHUMBERLAND%20AND%20DURHAM.pdf|pages=81–82|publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]]|date=1920|access-date=3 June 2021}}</ref> it had a variety of spellings throughout this period including Farnton Hall, Farrington Hall, Ffaernton and Ferenton Hall. By the 15th century, it served as a Monastic Grange of the priory of Hexham.<ref>{{cite book|last=Surtees|first=Robert|title=The History and Antiquities of the Palatine of the County Durham|url=https://archive.org/stream/historyandantiq00surtgoog/historyandantiq00surtgoog_djvu.txt|publisher=[[Internet Archive]]|year=1907|access-date=3 June 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Sitelines|url=https://twsitelines.info/SMR/222|publisher=[[Tyne and Wear]] Archaeology Office|access-date=4 June 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last= Blair |first= Hunter |date= 1939 |title= Archaeologia Aeliana, Or, Miscellaneous Tracts Relating to Antiquity |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=2q0NAAAAIAAJ&q=farnton+hall |location= Newcastle Upon Tyne |publisher= Society of Antiquaries of Newcastle-upon-Tyne |page= 190}}
The name derives from: "Farm or hill of Faer or his sons";<ref>{{cite book|last=Mawer|first=Allen|title=The Place-Names of Northumberland and Durham|url=https://altogetherarchaeology.org/Place%20Names/PLACE-NAMES%20OF%20NORTHUMBERLAND%20AND%20DURHAM.pdf|pages=81–82|publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]]|year=1920|access-date=3 June 2021}}</ref> it had a variety of spellings throughout this period including Farnton Hall, Farrington Hall, Ffaernton and Ferenton Hall. By the 15th century, it served as a Monastic Grange of the priory of Hexham.<ref>{{cite book|last=Surtees|first=Robert|title=The History and Antiquities of the Palatine of the County Durham|url=https://archive.org/stream/historyandantiq00surtgoog/historyandantiq00surtgoog_djvu.txt|publisher=[[Internet Archive]]|year=1907|access-date=3 June 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Sitelines|url=https://twsitelines.info/SMR/222|publisher=[[Tyne and Wear]] Archaeology Office|access-date=4 June 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last= Blair |first= Hunter |year= 1939 |title= Archaeologia Aeliana, Or, Miscellaneous Tracts Relating to Antiquity |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=2q0NAAAAIAAJ&q=farnton+hall |location= Newcastle Upon Tyne |publisher= Society of Antiquaries of Newcastle-upon-Tyne |page= 190}}
</ref>
</ref>


In the 1420s, the land was represented by [[Robert Jackson (coroner)|Robert Jackson]] who served as [[bailiff]] of Sunderland and collected taxes on behalf of the Bishop of Durham.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=m6ULAAAAYAAJ&q=%22farnton+hall%22+sunderland&pg=PA536|title = The History and Antiquities of Sunderland, Bishopwearmouth, Bishopwearmouth Panns, Burdon ...: From the Earliest Authentic Records Down to the Present Time|last1 = Summers|first1 = Jeremiah William|year = 1858}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Surtees|first=Robert|title=The History and Antiquities of the County Palatine of Durham, Vol. 2|url=https://www.british-history.ac.uk/antiquities-durham/vol2/pp303-360|publisher=[[British History Online]]|date=1820|access-date=4 June 2021|quote=In 1440 Robert Jakson, of Farnton Hall, (Bailiff of Sunderland) held the same property; as did his son-in-law William Billyngham, in 1481}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=A History of the County of Durham Vol. 3|url=https://www.british-history.ac.uk/vch/durham/vol3/pp157-174|publisher=[[British History Online]]|date=1928|access-date=4 June 2021|quote=Robert Jakson of Sunderland and other friends became bail for his keeping the peace.}}</ref> By 1479 the Black Book of Hexham detailed the area as possessing cottage lands, a windmill, an oven and brewery<ref>{{cite book|last=Hinds|first=Allen B|title=A History of Northumberland, Volume III, Part I: Hexamshire|url=https://www.electricscotland.com/northumberland/historyofnorthum03nort.pdf|page=153|publisher=Andrew Reid & Co.|location=London|date=1896|access-date=4 June 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://twsitelines.info/SMR/222|title= Tyne and Wear HER(222): Farringdon monastic grange - Details|last= Morrison|first= Jennifer|date= |website= Sitelines|publisher= Tyne and Wear Archaeology Office|access-date= 2020-12-09|quote=}}</ref> A new manor was built on the land in 1597; it disappeared by the mid 20th century.<ref>{{cite news
In the 1420s, the land was represented by [[Robert Jackson (coroner)|Robert Jackson]] who served as [[bailiff]] of Sunderland and collected taxes on behalf of the Bishop of Durham.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=m6ULAAAAYAAJ&q=%22farnton+hall%22+sunderland&pg=PA536|title = The History and Antiquities of Sunderland, Bishopwearmouth, Bishopwearmouth Panns, Burdon ...: From the Earliest Authentic Records Down to the Present Time|last1 = Summers|first1 = Jeremiah William|year = 1858}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Surtees|first=Robert|title=The History and Antiquities of the County Palatine of Durham, Vol. 2|url=https://www.british-history.ac.uk/antiquities-durham/vol2/pp303-360|publisher=[[British History Online]]|year=1820|access-date=4 June 2021|quote=In 1440 Robert Jakson, of Farnton Hall, (Bailiff of Sunderland) held the same property; as did his son-in-law William Billyngham, in 1481}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=A History of the County of Durham Vol. 3|url=https://www.british-history.ac.uk/vch/durham/vol3/pp157-174|publisher=[[British History Online]]|year=1928|access-date=4 June 2021|quote=Robert Jakson of Sunderland and other friends became bail for his keeping the peace.}}</ref> By 1479 the Black Book of Hexham detailed the area as possessing cottage lands, a windmill, an oven and brewery<ref>{{cite book|last=Hinds|first=Allen B.|title=A History of Northumberland, Volume III, Part I: Hexamshire|url=https://www.electricscotland.com/northumberland/historyofnorthum03nort.pdf|page=153|publisher=Andrew Reid & Co.|location=London|year=1896|access-date=4 June 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://twsitelines.info/SMR/222|title= Tyne and Wear HER(222): Farringdon monastic grange – Details|last= Morrison|first= Jennifer|date= |website= Sitelines|publisher= Tyne and Wear Archaeology Office|access-date= 9 December 2020|quote=}}</ref> A new manor was built on the land in 1597; it disappeared by the mid 20th century.<ref>{{cite news
|url= https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000640/19500106/101/0007|last= Echo|first= Sunderland|date=6 January 1950|via=British Newspaper Archive|newspaper=[[Sunderland Echo]]|title= More Farm Land May Go|access-date=14 December 2020}}</ref>
|url= https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000640/19500106/101/0007|date=6 January 1950|via=British Newspaper Archive|newspaper=[[Sunderland Echo]]|title= More Farm Land May Go|access-date=14 December 2020}}</ref>


===Renaissance and early modern period===
===Renaissance and early modern period===
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During the [[English Civil War]] the Scottish Army crossed the River Wear at [[South Hylton]] and set up their headquarters at Farringdon Hall.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://research.leedstrinity.ac.uk/files/423616/Hidden_Axis_article_for_NH.pdf|title = The Scottish Covenanters and the Borough of Sunderland, 1639–1647|last1 = Meikle|first1 = Maureen|year = 2017}}</ref>
During the [[English Civil War]] the Scottish Army crossed the River Wear at [[South Hylton]] and set up their headquarters at Farringdon Hall.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://research.leedstrinity.ac.uk/files/423616/Hidden_Axis_article_for_NH.pdf|title = The Scottish Covenanters and the Borough of Sunderland, 1639–1647|last1 = Meikle|first1 = Maureen|year = 2017}}</ref>


In the mid 19th century, the [[Hetton Colliery Railway]], one of the first operational railways in history and the first of its kind to transport coal, passed through Farringdon and [[Gilley Law]] en route to the [[River Wear]]. A [[rail trail]] has been established along the former route.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.sunderland.gov.uk/media/19367/The-Stephenson-Trail/pdf/The_Stephenson_Trail.pdf?m=636410807640400000|title=Heritage Trails, the Stephenson Trail|last= Sunderland|first= Active|date= |website= Sunderland.gov.uk|publisher= Sunderland City Council|access-date=2022-08-29|quote=}}</ref>
In the mid 19th century, the [[Hetton Colliery Railway]], one of the first operational railways in history and the first of its kind to transport coal, passed through Farringdon and [[Gilley Law]] en route to the [[River Wear]]. A [[rail trail]] has been established along the former route.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.sunderland.gov.uk/media/19367/The-Stephenson-Trail/pdf/The_Stephenson_Trail.pdf?m=636410807640400000|title=Heritage Trails, the Stephenson Trail|last= Sunderland|first= Active|date= |website= Sunderland.gov.uk|publisher= Sunderland City Council|access-date=29 August 2022|quote=}}</ref>


===The modern housing estate===
===The modern housing estate===
[[File:FarringdonHall.jpg|left|thumb|A photo of the former Farringdon Hall building, dated 1940]]
[[File:FarringdonHall.jpg|left|thumb|A photo of the former Farringdon Hall building, dated 1940]]
The manor and farm existed on the land until the 20th century. In 1950, Sunderland authorities purchased {{cvt|208.69|acre}}<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000640/19500406/113/0008|title= "Homes" Land: Council To Make Next Move|via= British Newspaper Archive|newspaper=[[Sunderland Echo]]|date= 1950}}</ref> and set out plans for the creation of a new estate consisting of over 1,400 houses,<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000640/19500502/090/0007|title = Farringdon Hall Scheme|via= British Newspaper Archive|newspaper=[[Sunderland Echo]]|year= 1950}}</ref> creating today's Farringdon. The last private owners of the estate were Robert Moorhead and George Lee, who were publicly critical of the pace at which the land was acquired and developed.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000640/19540420/082/0007|title = Cattle, Farm Tools For Sale As Bulldozers Move In|via= British Newspaper Archive|newspaper=[[Sunderland Echo]]|date= 1950}}</ref> Herrington Parish Council also resisted the estate, lodging protests with Durham County Planners.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000640/19500308/063/0003|title = Reply to Land Protest|via= British Newspaper Archive|newspaper=[[Sunderland Echo]]|date=1950}}</ref>
The manor and farm existed on the land until the 20th century. In 1950, Sunderland authorities purchased {{cvt|208.69|acre}}<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000640/19500406/113/0008|title= "Homes" Land: Council To Make Next Move|via= British Newspaper Archive|newspaper=[[Sunderland Echo]]|date= 6 April 1950}}</ref> and set out plans for the creation of a new estate consisting of over 1,400 houses,<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000640/19500502/090/0007|title = Farringdon Hall Scheme|via= British Newspaper Archive|newspaper=[[Sunderland Echo]]|date= 2 May 1950}}</ref> creating today's Farringdon. The last private owners of the estate were Robert Moorhead and George Lee, who were publicly critical of the pace at which the land was acquired and developed.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000640/19540420/082/0007|title = Cattle, Farm Tools For Sale As Bulldozers Move In|via= British Newspaper Archive|newspaper=[[Sunderland Echo]]|date=20 April 1954}}</ref> Herrington Parish Council also resisted the estate, lodging protests with Durham County Planners.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000640/19500308/063/0003|title = Reply to Land Protest|via= British Newspaper Archive|newspaper=[[Sunderland Echo]]|year=1950}}</ref>


By the end of the century, many of the homes on the estate had been privately purchased through the [[Right to Buy]] scheme.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://themovemarket.com/area/homeownership/st-chads-sunderland/sunderland-026d|title=St Chad's, Sunderland: Sunderland 026D|last= Market|first= The Move|date= |website= themovemarket.com|publisher= themovemarket.com|access-date=2022-08-29|quote=}}</ref> In 1998, Sunderland City Council proposed the creation of [[Farringdon Country Park]], a designated recreational and conservation space neighbouring the suburb.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.sunderland.gov.uk/media/22228/Unitary-Development-Plan/pdf/Unitary_Development_Plan.pdf?m=637181604193130000#page=269|title=City of Sunderland Unitary Development Plan|publisher=City of Sunderland}}</ref>
By the end of the century, many of the homes on the estate had been privately purchased through the [[Right to Buy]] scheme.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://themovemarket.com/area/homeownership/st-chads-sunderland/sunderland-026d|title=St Chad's, Sunderland: Sunderland 026D|last= Market|first= The Move|date= |website= themovemarket.com|access-date=29 August 2022|quote=}}</ref>{{Better source|date=August 2022}} In 1998, Sunderland City Council proposed the creation of [[Farringdon Country Park]], a designated recreational and conservation space neighbouring the suburb.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.sunderland.gov.uk/media/22228/Unitary-Development-Plan/pdf/Unitary_Development_Plan.pdf?m=637181604193130000#page=269|title=City of Sunderland Unitary Development Plan|publisher=City of Sunderland}}</ref>

== Transport ==
{{main|Transport in Tyne and Wear}}


==Education==
==Education==
Farringdon is home to two schools. A large [[secondary education|secondary school]] ([[Farringdon Community Academy]]) which serves a catchment area also consisting of [[Doxford Park]], [[East Herrington]] and [[New Silksworth]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.schoolguide.co.uk/schools/farringdon-community-academy-sunderland|title=Farringdon Community Academy Catchment Area, Reviews and Key Information - SECONDARY|last= |first= |date= |website= schoolguide.co.uk|publisher= schoolguide.co.uk|access-date=2022-08-30|quote=}}</ref> as well as a [[primary education|primary school]] (Farringdon Primary School).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://farringdonacademy.co.uk|title=Farringdon Academy|last= |first= |date= |website= farringdonacademy.co.uk|publisher= Farringdon Academy|access-date=2022-08-30|quote=}}</ref>
Farringdon is home to two schools. A large [[secondary education|secondary school]] ([[Farringdon Community Academy]]) which serves a catchment area also consisting of [[Doxford Park]], [[East Herrington]] and [[New Silksworth]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.schoolguide.co.uk/schools/farringdon-community-academy-sunderland|title=Farringdon Community Academy Catchment Area, Reviews and Key Information – SECONDARY|last= |first= |date= |website= schoolguide.co.uk|access-date=30 August 2022|quote=}}</ref> as well as a [[primary education|primary school]] (Farringdon Primary School).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://farringdonacademy.co.uk|title=Farringdon Academy|last= |first= |date= |website= farringdonacademy.co.uk|publisher= Farringdon Academy|access-date=30 August 2022|quote=}}</ref>


==Amenities==
==Amenities==
Line 71: Line 76:
==Politics==
==Politics==


Farringdon is a component of the St. Chad's Ward in the city alongside parts of Herrington. Presently, the area is represented by three councillors from the [[Conservative Party (UK)]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://committees.sunderland.gov.uk/committees/cmis5/Members.aspx|title=Sunderland City Council, Members|last= |first= |date= |website=Sunderland.gov.uk|publisher= Sunderland City Council |access-date=2022-08-30|quote=}}</ref>. Labour [[Member of Parliament (United Kingdom)|MP]] [[Bridget Phillipson]] has represented Farringdon as part of the [[Houghton and Sunderland South (UK Parliament constituency)|Houghton and Sunderland South]] [[electoral district|constituency]] since it was created in [[2010 United Kingdom general election|2010]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bridgetphillipson.com/news/2018/11/15/bridget-phillipson-mp-visits-farringdon-academy-ahead-of-parliament-week|title=Bridget Phillipson MP visits Farringdon Academy ahead of Parliament Week|last= Philipson |first= Bridget |date=November 15, 2018|website=www.bridgetphillipson.com|publisher= Bridget Philipson MP|access-date=2022-08-30|quote=}}</ref>
Farringdon is a component of the St. Chad's Ward in the city alongside parts of Herrington. Presently, the area is represented by three councillors from the [[Conservative Party (UK)]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://committees.sunderland.gov.uk/committees/cmis5/Members.aspx|title=Sunderland City Council, Members|last= |first= |date= |website=Sunderland.gov.uk|publisher= Sunderland City Council |access-date=30 August 2022|quote=}}</ref> Labour [[Member of Parliament (United Kingdom)|MP]] [[Bridget Phillipson]] has represented Farringdon as part of the [[Houghton and Sunderland South (UK Parliament constituency)|Houghton and Sunderland South]] [[electoral district|constituency]] since it was created in [[2010 United Kingdom general election|2010]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bridgetphillipson.com/news/2018/11/15/bridget-phillipson-mp-visits-farringdon-academy-ahead-of-parliament-week|title=Bridget Phillipson MP visits Farringdon Academy ahead of Parliament Week|last= Philipson |first= Bridget |date=15 November 2018|website=www.bridgetphillipson.com|publisher= Bridget Philipson MP|access-date=30 August 2022|quote=}}</ref>

==Street naming convention==

All street names in Farringdon begin with the letter '''A'''. The main street running through the centre of the estate is ''Allendale Road''. Other streets include ''Archer Road, Avonmouth Road, Aldwych Road, Aldwych Square, Abercorn Road, Arbroath Road, Antwerp Road, Arkle Road, Aboyne Square, Archer Square, Andrew Road''.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.sunderland.gov.uk/media/13803/Adopted-Streets-A-to-Z/pdf/List_of_Streets_Aug_2019.pdf?m=637018239985730000|title=Street Book A|last= |first= |date= |website=www.bridgetphillipson.com|publisher= Sunderland City Council|access-date=2022-08-30|quote=}}</ref>


==References==
==References==

Latest revision as of 14:55, 24 December 2024

For other places with the same name, see Farringdon.

Farringdon
Pictured from top right clockwise: Arbroath Road, Anthony Road (Former site of Farringdon Hall), Abercorn Road, Farringdon Country Park
Farringdon is located in Tyne and Wear
Farringdon
Farringdon
Location within Tyne and Wear
Population9,449 (2011 census)[1] (Figure also includes neighbouring East & Middle Herrington as part of the St. Chad's Ward)
Metropolitan borough
Metropolitan county
Region
CountryEngland
Sovereign stateUnited Kingdom
Post townSunderland
Postcode districtSR3
PoliceNorthumbria
FireTyne and Wear
AmbulanceNorth East
UK Parliament
List of places
UK
England
Tyne and Wear
54°52′24″N 1°25′26″W / 54.8732°N 1.4238°W / 54.8732; -1.4238

Farringdon is a suburb of Sunderland, Tyne and Wear, England. Originally a Monastic grange and manor estate for hundreds of years, Farringdon was rebuilt as a post-war council housing estate in the 1950s. It is approximately 3 mi (4.8 km) south of the city centre along the A690, close to Thorney Close, Silksworth, East Herrington, Gilley Law and Doxford Park.[not verified in body] Electorally, the area comes under the St. Chad's ward of the City.

Geology

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The area of Sunderland Farringdon is built on was formed during the Permian period, and as per the wider region is theorized to have been a shallow carbonate sea.[2] The bedrocks of the area consist of carbonate material including coral and shell fragments forming beds and local reefs. Above this near the surface lies significant clay deposits of a glacigenic origin which are over 2 million years old. The British Geological Survey memoir for this specific locality refers to the superficial deposits of the area as 'Complex drift of East Herrington and Silksworth', a thin sequence of bedded sand, gravels and clays.[3]

History

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Pre-history

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Recorded human activity on Farringdon has been dated to the Neolithic era, due to a stone axe uncovered during construction work in the 1950s.[4]

The Middle Ages

[edit]
Farringdon in 1577, named as "Farnton Hall" on a map by Christopher Saxon which originally belonged to Elizabeth I's secretary of state

The parish of Bishopwearmouth in the Middle Ages was divided into a number of copyholdings held by custom of the Bishop of Durham, of which was delegated to various tenants.[5] Farringdon emerged as a part of this system and operated as a block Demesne, whilst being also a hamlet and estate under the township of Silksworth.[6]

The name derives from: "Farm or hill of Faer or his sons";[7] it had a variety of spellings throughout this period including Farnton Hall, Farrington Hall, Ffaernton and Ferenton Hall. By the 15th century, it served as a Monastic Grange of the priory of Hexham.[8][9][10]

In the 1420s, the land was represented by Robert Jackson who served as bailiff of Sunderland and collected taxes on behalf of the Bishop of Durham.[11][12][13] By 1479 the Black Book of Hexham detailed the area as possessing cottage lands, a windmill, an oven and brewery[14][15] A new manor was built on the land in 1597; it disappeared by the mid 20th century.[16]

Renaissance and early modern period

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Following the Dissolution of the monasteries the Farringdon Monastic Grange was returned to the crown and later granted to Sir John Forster by Queen Elizabeth I. The estate would pass on to other owners throughout this period, including George Blakiston, and the Pepper family of North Yorkshire.[17]

The former route of the Hetton Colliery Railway Through Farringdon

During the English Civil War the Scottish Army crossed the River Wear at South Hylton and set up their headquarters at Farringdon Hall.[18]

In the mid 19th century, the Hetton Colliery Railway, one of the first operational railways in history and the first of its kind to transport coal, passed through Farringdon and Gilley Law en route to the River Wear. A rail trail has been established along the former route.[19]

The modern housing estate

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A photo of the former Farringdon Hall building, dated 1940

The manor and farm existed on the land until the 20th century. In 1950, Sunderland authorities purchased 208.69 acres (84.45 ha)[20] and set out plans for the creation of a new estate consisting of over 1,400 houses,[21] creating today's Farringdon. The last private owners of the estate were Robert Moorhead and George Lee, who were publicly critical of the pace at which the land was acquired and developed.[22] Herrington Parish Council also resisted the estate, lodging protests with Durham County Planners.[23]

By the end of the century, many of the homes on the estate had been privately purchased through the Right to Buy scheme.[24][better source needed] In 1998, Sunderland City Council proposed the creation of Farringdon Country Park, a designated recreational and conservation space neighbouring the suburb.[25]

Transport

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Main article: Transport in Tyne and Wear

Education

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Farringdon is home to two schools. A large secondary school (Farringdon Community Academy) which serves a catchment area also consisting of Doxford Park, East Herrington and New Silksworth[26] as well as a primary school (Farringdon Primary School).[27]

Amenities

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Farringdon is home to a single pub known as The Dolphin, which has been voted Sunderland's "pub of the year" for five years running.[28] The former Farringdon Social Club closed in 2017 and has since been redeveloped into a supermarket[29]

The estate also possesses three shopping arcades, two which are based on Allendale Road and the other on Ashdown Road, as well as a McDonalds and a Simply local supermarket. The former Farringdon Hall police station, which was closed in 2015, is set to be redeveloped into a new business park consisting of a Greggs, B&M and a Costa Coffee[30]

Politics

[edit]

Farringdon is a component of the St. Chad's Ward in the city alongside parts of Herrington. Presently, the area is represented by three councillors from the Conservative Party (UK).[31] Labour MP Bridget Phillipson has represented Farringdon as part of the Houghton and Sunderland South constituency since it was created in 2010.[32]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "St. Chad's". ukcensusdata.com/. UK Census Data. 2011. Retrieved 30 August 2022.
  2. ^ "Zechstein Reefs, North Sea". www.geolsoc.org.uk. The Geological Society of London. 2012. Retrieved 30 August 2022.
  3. ^ Smith, D. B. (1994). "Geology of the country around Sunderland Memoir for 1:50 000 geological sheet 21 (England and Wales)". webapps.bgs.ac.uk. The British Geological Survey. Retrieved 30 August 2022.
  4. ^ Morrison, Jennifer. "Tyne and Wear HER(222): Farringdon, polished axe – Details". Sitelines. Tyne and Wear Archaeology Office. Retrieved 11 December 2020.
  5. ^ "The medieval village of Bishopwearmouth" (PDF). Victoria County History. Victory County History. 18 February 2020. Retrieved 19 July 2021.
  6. ^ Blair, Hunter (2014). The Open Fields of England. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 102. ISBN 9780198702955.
  7. ^ Mawer, Allen (1920). The Place-Names of Northumberland and Durham (PDF). Cambridge University Press. pp. 81–82. Retrieved 3 June 2021.
  8. ^ Surtees, Robert (1907). The History and Antiquities of the Palatine of the County Durham. Internet Archive. Retrieved 3 June 2021.
  9. ^ "Sitelines". Tyne and Wear Archaeology Office. Retrieved 4 June 2021.
  10. ^ Blair, Hunter (1939). Archaeologia Aeliana, Or, Miscellaneous Tracts Relating to Antiquity. Newcastle Upon Tyne: Society of Antiquaries of Newcastle-upon-Tyne. p. 190.
  11. ^ Summers, Jeremiah William (1858). The History and Antiquities of Sunderland, Bishopwearmouth, Bishopwearmouth Panns, Burdon ...: From the Earliest Authentic Records Down to the Present Time.
  12. ^ Surtees, Robert (1820). The History and Antiquities of the County Palatine of Durham, Vol. 2. British History Online. Retrieved 4 June 2021. In 1440 Robert Jakson, of Farnton Hall, (Bailiff of Sunderland) held the same property; as did his son-in-law William Billyngham, in 1481
  13. ^ A History of the County of Durham Vol. 3. British History Online. 1928. Retrieved 4 June 2021. Robert Jakson of Sunderland and other friends became bail for his keeping the peace.
  14. ^ Hinds, Allen B. (1896). A History of Northumberland, Volume III, Part I: Hexamshire (PDF). London: Andrew Reid & Co. p. 153. Retrieved 4 June 2021.
  15. ^ Morrison, Jennifer. "Tyne and Wear HER(222): Farringdon monastic grange – Details". Sitelines. Tyne and Wear Archaeology Office. Retrieved 9 December 2020.
  16. ^ "More Farm Land May Go". Sunderland Echo. 6 January 1950. Retrieved 14 December 2020 – via British Newspaper Archive.
  17. ^ Clarkson, Christopher (1821). "The History of Richmond, in the County of York".
  18. ^ Meikle, Maureen (2017). "The Scottish Covenanters and the Borough of Sunderland, 1639–1647" (PDF).
  19. ^ Sunderland, Active. "Heritage Trails, the Stephenson Trail" (PDF). Sunderland.gov.uk. Sunderland City Council. Retrieved 29 August 2022.
  20. ^ ""Homes" Land: Council To Make Next Move". Sunderland Echo. 6 April 1950 – via British Newspaper Archive.
  21. ^ "Farringdon Hall Scheme". Sunderland Echo. 2 May 1950 – via British Newspaper Archive.
  22. ^ "Cattle, Farm Tools For Sale As Bulldozers Move In". Sunderland Echo. 20 April 1954 – via British Newspaper Archive.
  23. ^ "Reply to Land Protest". Sunderland Echo. 1950 – via British Newspaper Archive.
  24. ^ Market, The Move. "St Chad's, Sunderland: Sunderland 026D". themovemarket.com. Retrieved 29 August 2022.
  25. ^ "City of Sunderland Unitary Development Plan" (PDF). City of Sunderland.
  26. ^ "Farringdon Community Academy Catchment Area, Reviews and Key Information – SECONDARY". schoolguide.co.uk. Retrieved 30 August 2022.
  27. ^ "Farringdon Academy". farringdonacademy.co.uk. Farringdon Academy. Retrieved 30 August 2022.
  28. ^ Gillan, Tony (3 December 2019). "See inside the Sunderland Echo Pub of the Year 2019 winner". Sunderland Echo. Retrieved 14 December 2020.
  29. ^ Binding, Chris (3 December 2019). "Former Sunderland social club set to become business park with cafes, takeaways and shops after housing plans fall through". Sunderland Echo. Retrieved 16 January 2020.
  30. ^ Binding, Chris (23 March 2022). "'Sunderland lad' developer offers more insight into redevelopment of Farringdon Hall Police Station site, where new Greggs, B&M and Costa are planned". Sunderland Echo. Retrieved 23 March 2022.
  31. ^ "Sunderland City Council, Members". Sunderland.gov.uk. Sunderland City Council. Retrieved 30 August 2022.
  32. ^ Philipson, Bridget (15 November 2018). "Bridget Phillipson MP visits Farringdon Academy ahead of Parliament Week". www.bridgetphillipson.com. Bridget Philipson MP. Retrieved 30 August 2022.
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