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{{Short description|Tribe of Kuki people}} |
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{{Infobox ethnic group |
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'''Thadou people''' are an indigenous ethnic group of Chin-Kuki inhabiting [[Northeast India|North-east India]]. [[Thadou language|Thadou]] is a dialect of the [[Tibeto-Burman languages|Tibeto-Burman]] family. They are the second largest in terms of population in Manipur, next to [[Meitei people|Meetei]] according to Manipur census 2011.{{citation needed|date=April 2021}} Thadou population have been reported only in India, some small population have settled in Nagaland, Assam, Tripura, Meghalaya, Mizoram and Delhi.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Project|first=Joshua|title=Thadou in India|url=https://joshuaproject.net/people_groups/18232/IN|access-date=2021-04-21|website=joshuaproject.net|language=en}}</ref> Thadous share a common culture with all the [[Kuki people|Chin-Kuki-Mizo]] community. |
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| group = Thadou people |
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| native_name = |
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| native_name_lang = lus |
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| image = Thadou dress.jpg |
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| caption = Thadou man and woman in traditional dress |
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| population = 229,000–313,000 in India{{sfnp|Census of India, Language|2018|pp=40, 48}} |
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| region1 = [[India]], [[Myanmar]] and [[Bangladesh]] |
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| pop1 = [[Manipur]], [[Nagaland]], [[Assam]], [[Mizoram]], [[Tripura]] |
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| languages = [[Thadou language|Thadou]] |
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| religions = Predominantly [[Protestantism]] ([[Baptist]]) and [[Catholicism]]; very small minority [[Judaism]] ([[Bnei Menashe]]) |
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| related_groups = [[Zo people]] {{·}} [[Chin people|Chin]] {{·}} [[Kuki people|Kuki]] {{·}} [[Mara people|Mara]] {{·}} [[Bnei Menashe]], [[Ranglong]] {{·}} [[Mizo people|Mizo]] |
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}} |
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'''Thadou people''', also called '''Thadou Kukis''', are the [[Thadou language]]-speaking [[Kuki people]] inhabiting [[Northeast India]], [[Myanmar|Burma]], [[Bangladesh]]. "Thadou" is also the name of a particular clan among the Thadou Kukis. Other clans include Haokip, Kipgen, Doungel, Hangshing, Mangvung etc.<ref> |
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==Marriage== |
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{{citation |last=Shaw |first=William |title=Notes on the Thadou Kukis |year=1929 |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.500398 |publisher=Government of Assam |ref={{sfnref|Shaw, Notes on the Thadou Kukis|1929}} |via=archive.org}} |
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There are four forms of [[marriage]]s among the Thadou: {{transl|tcz|chongmou}}, {{transl|tcz|sahapsat}}, {{transl|tcz|jol-lhah'}}, and {{transl|tcz|'kijam mang}}. Sahapsat and jol-lhah' are non-ceremonial betrothal forms akin to [[elopement]]. The first of these forms involves the following elements. |
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</ref>{{sfnp|Seilen Haokip, What Price, Twenty Years of Peace|2012|p=95}}{{sfnp|Ngamkhohao Haokip, Politics of Tribe Identity|2012}} |
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== Distribution == |
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#The negotiation of a bride-price between the parents of the groom and the parents of the bride (however one must note that the concept of 'bride price' mentioned here is very different from the Hindu concept of the '[[Dowry system in India|dowry system]]') |
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According to the 2011 census of India, there are 229,340 Thadou language-speakers in the country. The vast majority of them (97.6%) are in the state of [[Manipur]].{{sfnp|Census of India, Language|2018|p=48}} Within Manipur, they make up the largest single tribe, forming about 19% of all its [[Scheduled Tribes]].<ref> |
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#The establishment of a date for the departure of the bride from her parents' house to that of her husband |
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{{citation |title=Historical Dictionary of the Peoples of the Southeast Asian Massif |first1=Jean |last1=Michaud |first2=Margaret Byrne |last2=Swain |first3=Meenaxi |last3=Barkataki-Ruscheweyh |edition=2nd |publisher=Rowman & Littlefield |year=2016 |isbn=9781442272798 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wZksDQAAQBAJ |page=244}} |
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#The sending (by the groom) of strong young men to bring the bride to her new home; ceremonial feasting and wrestling then followed |
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</ref> |
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#The triumphant return of the groom's representatives with the bride |
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There are also significant numbers of Thadou-speakers in [[Meghalaya]] and [[Assam]].{{sfnp|Census of India, Language|2018|p=48}} |
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In addition, many Thadou language-speakers are also believed to list their language as "Kuki" in the census.{{sfnp|Ngamkhohao Haokip, Politics of Tribe Identity|2012|pp=67–68}} The 2011 census lists 83,968 "Kuki" language-speakers, who are mostly distributed in the states of [[Nagaland]], Manipur and Assam.{{sfnp|Census of India, Language|2018|p=40}} |
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The 'sahapsat' marriage form contains only the marital negotiations between families. The {{transl|tcz|jol-lhah}} marriage is resorted to in the case of a pregnancy resulting from premarital relationships. In this case, a bride-price is usually agreed upon before the cohabitation process, which begins immediately when the pregnancy is discovered. The {{transl|tcz|kijam mang}} is a marital arrangement that results from the union of two parties Without the consent of the parents of either bride, groom, or both by eloping. The bride-price is settled at some point after the union takes place. Post-marital residence is patrilocal. Inheritance is exclusively through the male line, i.e., eldest son. Thadou women are the chief agents of socialisation among the Thadou society. Children are permitted a great degree of independence once they learn to walk. Little structured education is provided by the parents, thereby leaving the Thadou child to learn through experiential means. |
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==References== |
==References== |
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{{Reflist}} |
{{Reflist}} |
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== |
== Bibliography == |
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* {{citation |title=Language: India, States and Union Territories (Table C-16) |publisher=Registrar General of India |year=2018 |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/42458/download/46089/C-16_25062018.pdf |ref={{sfnref|Census of India, Language|2018}}}} |
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*Shaw, William. 1929. Notes on the Thadou kuki. |
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* {{citation |last=Haokip |first=Seilen |title=The Kukis of Northeast India: Politics and Culture |pages=89– |year=2012 |editor=Thongkholal Haokip |chapter=What Price, Twenty Years of Peace in Mizoram (1986–2006): A Kuki Perspective |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hp4hWrL-JOEC&pg=PA89 |publisher=Bookwell |isbn=9789380574448 |ref={{sfnref|Seilen Haokip, What Price, Twenty Years of Peace|2012}}}} |
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*Shakespear, J. Part I, London, 1912, The Lushai Kuki Clans. Aizawl : Tribal Research Unit. |
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* {{citation |last=Haokip |first=Ngamkhohao |title=Politics of Tribe Identity with reference to the Kukis |journal=Journal of North East India Studies |volume=2 |number=2 |pages=64-73 |year=2012 |url=https://www.academia.edu/4204259 |via=academia.edu |ref={{sfnref|Ngamkhohao Haokip, Politics of Tribe Identity|2012}} }} |
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*Tribal Research Institute. 1994. The Tribes of Mizoram. (A Dissertation) Aizawl: Tribal Research Institute, Directorate of Art and Culture. |
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*The Socio-Economics Of Linguistic Identity A Case Study In The Lushai Hills. Satarupa Dattamajumdar, Ph.D. |
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==External links== |
==External links== |
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* {{url|https://www.ethnologue.com/language/tcz}} |
* {{url|https://www.ethnologue.com/language/tcz}} |
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* {{ |
* {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211202085337/http://www.kukiforum.com/2004/06/the-thadous-2/|date=December 2, 2021|title=The Thadous}} |
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* {{url|https://thadoubaptistassociation.org/en/home}} |
* {{url|https://thadoubaptistassociation.org/en/home}} |
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[[Category:Ethnic groups in Bangladesh]] |
[[Category:Ethnic groups in Bangladesh]] |
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[[Category:Scheduled Tribes of Manipur]] |
[[Category:Scheduled Tribes of Manipur]] |
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[[Category:Ethnic groups in Manipur]] |
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[[Category:Ethnic groups in Northeast India]] |
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[[Category:Scheduled Tribes of India]] |
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Latest revision as of 09:08, 26 December 2024
 Thadou man and woman in traditional dress | |
| Total population | |
|---|---|
| 229,000–313,000 in India[1] | |
| Regions with significant populations | |
| India, Myanmar and Bangladesh | Manipur, Nagaland, Assam, Mizoram, Tripura |
| Languages | |
| Thadou | |
| Religion | |
| Predominantly Protestantism (Baptist) and Catholicism; very small minority Judaism (Bnei Menashe) | |
| Related ethnic groups | |
| Zo people · Chin · Kuki · Mara · Bnei Menashe, Ranglong · Mizo | |
Thadou people, also called Thadou Kukis, are the Thadou language-speaking Kuki people inhabiting Northeast India, Burma, Bangladesh. "Thadou" is also the name of a particular clan among the Thadou Kukis. Other clans include Haokip, Kipgen, Doungel, Hangshing, Mangvung etc.[2][3][4]
Distribution
[edit]According to the 2011 census of India, there are 229,340 Thadou language-speakers in the country. The vast majority of them (97.6%) are in the state of Manipur.[5] Within Manipur, they make up the largest single tribe, forming about 19% of all its Scheduled Tribes.[6] There are also significant numbers of Thadou-speakers in Meghalaya and Assam.[5]
In addition, many Thadou language-speakers are also believed to list their language as "Kuki" in the census.[7] The 2011 census lists 83,968 "Kuki" language-speakers, who are mostly distributed in the states of Nagaland, Manipur and Assam.[8]
References
[edit]- ^ Census of India, Language (2018), pp. 40, 48.
- ^ Shaw, William (1929), Notes on the Thadou Kukis, Government of Assam – via archive.org
- ^ Seilen Haokip, What Price, Twenty Years of Peace (2012), p. 95.
- ^ Ngamkhohao Haokip, Politics of Tribe Identity (2012).
- ^ a b Census of India, Language (2018), p. 48.
- ^ Michaud, Jean; Swain, Margaret Byrne; Barkataki-Ruscheweyh, Meenaxi (2016), Historical Dictionary of the Peoples of the Southeast Asian Massif (2nd ed.), Rowman & Littlefield, p. 244, ISBN 9781442272798
- ^ Ngamkhohao Haokip, Politics of Tribe Identity (2012), pp. 67–68.
- ^ Census of India, Language (2018), p. 40.
Bibliography
[edit]- Language: India, States and Union Territories (Table C-16) (PDF), Registrar General of India, 2018
- Haokip, Seilen (2012), "What Price, Twenty Years of Peace in Mizoram (1986–2006): A Kuki Perspective", in Thongkholal Haokip (ed.), The Kukis of Northeast India: Politics and Culture, Bookwell, pp. 89–, ISBN 9789380574448
- Haokip, Ngamkhohao (2012), "Politics of Tribe Identity with reference to the Kukis", Journal of North East India Studies, 2 (2): 64–73 – via academia.edu
- Lieut. R. Stewart in the Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal (1857). entitled "A slight notice of the Grammar of Thadou or New Kookie language."
External links
[edit]- www
.ethnologue .com /language /tcz - The Thadous at the Wayback Machine (archived December 2, 2021)
- thadoubaptistassociation
.org /en /home
