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{{Short description|Romanian civic organization}}
{{Infobox organization
{{Infobox organization
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| name = Romanian Hearth Union
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The '''Romanian Hearth Union'''<ref name="StateGov2007">{{cite web |url=https://2009-2017.state.gov/j/drl/rls/irf/2007/90195.htm |title=Romania |work= International Religious Freedom Report 2007 |publisher=[[United States Department of State]] |url-status=live |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190527090956/https://2009-2017.state.gov/j/drl/rls/irf/2007/90195.htm |archivedate=2019-05-27 |accessdate=2019-05-27 }}</ref><ref>George W. White, [https://books.google.com/books?id=-7TgkO8utHIC&dq=romanian+hearth+union&pg=PA161 Nationalism and Territory: Constructing Group Identity in Southeastern Europe], Rowman & Littlefield, 2000, p. 161</ref> or '''Romanian Hearth Federation'''<ref name="Mihailescu"/> ({{lang-ro|Uniunea Vatra Românească}}) is a far-right nationalist movement<ref>{{cite news |last=Harden |first=Blaine |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1990/03/21/hungary-protests-romanian-mob-action/f35da1d6-1607-47aa-ac48-8852431ca73d/ |title=Hungary protests Romanian mob action |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |date=1990-03-21 |url-status=live |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170722134929/https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1990/03/21/hungary-protests-romanian-mob-action/f35da1d6-1607-47aa-ac48-8852431ca73d/ |archivedate=2017-07-22 |accessdate=2017-07-22 }}</ref> and civic organization,<ref name="StateGov2007" /> founded in [[Târgu Mureș]] in 1990.<ref name="Mihailescu"/>
The '''Romanian Hearth Union'''<ref name="StateGov2007">{{cite web |url=https://2009-2017.state.gov/j/drl/rls/irf/2007/90195.htm |title=Romania |work= International Religious Freedom Report 2007 |publisher=[[United States Department of State]] |url-status=live |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190527090956/https://2009-2017.state.gov/j/drl/rls/irf/2007/90195.htm |archivedate=2019-05-27 |accessdate=2019-05-27 }}</ref><ref>George W. White, [https://books.google.com/books?id=-7TgkO8utHIC&dq=romanian+hearth+union&pg=PA161 Nationalism and Territory: Constructing Group Identity in Southeastern Europe], Rowman & Littlefield, 2000, p. 161</ref> or '''Romanian Hearth Federation'''<ref name="Mihailescu"/> ({{langx|ro|Uniunea Vatra Românească}}) is a far-right nationalist movement<ref>{{cite news |last=Harden |first=Blaine |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1990/03/21/hungary-protests-romanian-mob-action/f35da1d6-1607-47aa-ac48-8852431ca73d/ |title=Hungary protests Romanian mob action |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |date=1990-03-21 |url-status=live |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170722134929/https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1990/03/21/hungary-protests-romanian-mob-action/f35da1d6-1607-47aa-ac48-8852431ca73d/ |archivedate=2017-07-22 |accessdate=2017-07-22 }}</ref> and civic organization,<ref name="StateGov2007" /> founded in [[Târgu Mureș]] in 1990.<ref name="Mihailescu"/>


The main purpose of the organization is to save [[Romanians]] "hunted down in their own country" from the [[Hungarians]] viewed as "hordes plaguing humanity".<ref name="Mihailescu"/> The emergence of the "Romanian Hearth" was helped by ex-[[Securitate]] officers.<ref name="Mihailescu"/> The organization has been described by various sources as quasi-fascist,<ref>Gale Stokes, [https://books.google.com/books?id=aDVFqf0uxt0C&q=The+Walls+Came+Tumbling+Down%3A+The+Collapse+of+Communism+in+Eastern+Europe The Walls Came Tumbling Down: The Collapse of Communism in Eastern Europe], Oxford University Press, 1993, p. 174</ref> radical nationalist,<ref name="Mihailescu">Mihaela Mihailescu, [https://books.google.com/books?id=w5Q0bt16jSkC&q=Dampening+the+Powder+Keg%3A+The+Role+of+Democratic+Oppositions+in+Fostering+Ethnic+Peace+in+Post-Communist+Romania+and+Slovakia Dampening the Powder Keg: The Role of Democratic Oppositions in Fostering Ethnic Peace in Post-Communist Romania and Slovakia], ProQuest, 2006, pp. 116-117</ref> xenophobic ultra-nationalist,<ref>Robert Bideleux, Ian Jeffries, [https://books.google.com/books?id=wumAAgAAQBAJ&q=The+Balkans%3A+A+Post-Communist+History The Balkans: A Post-Communist History], Routledge, 2007, p. 144</ref> anti-Hungarian<ref name="Juliana Geran Pilon">Juliana Geran Pilon, [https://books.google.com/books?id=ArBoYKAPZgwC&dq=%22Greater+Romania%22+concept&pg=PA56 The Bloody Flag: Post-Communist Nationalism in Eastern Europe : Spotlight on Romania ], Transaction Publishers, 1982, p. 67</ref> and [[anti-Semitic]].<ref>Joseph F. Harrington, [https://books.google.com/books?id=EZB2AAAAMAAJ&q=American-Romanian+Relations,+1989-2004:+From+Pariah+To+Partner American-Romanian Relations, 1989-2004: From Pariah To Partner], East European Monographs, 2004, p. 34</ref> It was associated with the former political party of [[Romanian National Unity Party]] (PUNR).<ref name="Mihailescu"/>
One of the founding members of the Hearth Union was [[Ion Iliescu]].<ref>{{cite web | url=https://hotnews.ro/iliescu-da-vina-pe-maghiari-pentru-conflictul-de-la-targu-mures-843044 | title=Iliescu da vina pe maghiari pentru conflictul de la Targu Mures - HotNews.ro | date=25 March 2005 }}</ref><ref>http://www.edrc.ro/docs/docs/extremism_ro/04_extremism_ro_003.pdf</ref> The main purpose of the organization is to save [[Romanians]] "hunted down in their own country" from the [[Hungarians]] viewed as "hordes plaguing humanity".<ref name="Mihailescu"/> The emergence of the "Romanian Hearth" was helped by ex-[[Securitate]] officers.<ref name="Mihailescu"/> The organization has been described by various sources as quasi-fascist,<ref>Gale Stokes, [https://books.google.com/books?id=aDVFqf0uxt0C&q=The+Walls+Came+Tumbling+Down%3A+The+Collapse+of+Communism+in+Eastern+Europe The Walls Came Tumbling Down: The Collapse of Communism in Eastern Europe], Oxford University Press, 1993, p. 174</ref> radical nationalist,<ref name="Mihailescu">Mihaela Mihailescu, [https://books.google.com/books?id=w5Q0bt16jSkC&q=Dampening+the+Powder+Keg%3A+The+Role+of+Democratic+Oppositions+in+Fostering+Ethnic+Peace+in+Post-Communist+Romania+and+Slovakia Dampening the Powder Keg: The Role of Democratic Oppositions in Fostering Ethnic Peace in Post-Communist Romania and Slovakia], ProQuest, 2006, pp. 116-117</ref> xenophobic ultra-nationalist,<ref>Robert Bideleux, Ian Jeffries, [https://books.google.com/books?id=wumAAgAAQBAJ&q=The+Balkans%3A+A+Post-Communist+History The Balkans: A Post-Communist History], Routledge, 2007, p. 144</ref> anti-Hungarian<ref name="Juliana Geran Pilon">Juliana Geran Pilon, [https://books.google.com/books?id=ArBoYKAPZgwC&dq=%22Greater+Romania%22+concept&pg=PA56 The Bloody Flag: Post-Communist Nationalism in Eastern Europe : Spotlight on Romania ], Transaction Publishers, 1982, p. 67</ref> and [[anti-Semitic]].<ref>Joseph F. Harrington, [https://books.google.com/books?id=EZB2AAAAMAAJ&q=American-Romanian+Relations,+1989-2004:+From+Pariah+To+Partner American-Romanian Relations, 1989-2004: From Pariah To Partner], East European Monographs, 2004, p. 34</ref> It was associated with the former political party of [[Romanian National Unity Party]] (PUNR),<ref name="Mihailescu"/> but had also ties to the [[Social Democracy Party of Romania]] (PDSR),<ref>{{cite web | url=https://tinread.biblioteca.ct.ro/opac/bibliographic_view/283526 | title=BJCT &#124; }}</ref> [[Greater Romania Party]] (PRM) and the [[Democratic Agrarian Party of Romania]] (PDAR).<ref>{{cite web | url=https://listanationala.ro/doctrina-nationalista/partidul-vatra-romaneasca-comunicat/ | title=Partidul Vatra Românească – Comunicat &#124; Lista Națională }}</ref>

The Union received support from the then-ruling [[National Salvation Front (Romania)|National Salvation Front]] and president Iliescu, hoping to increase the popularity of the front in the area of Transylvania.<ref>{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QnquAwAAQBAJ&pg=PT212 | title=Ethnic Bargaining: The Paradox of Minority Empowerment | isbn=978-0-8014-7179-7 | last1=Jenne | first1=Erin K. | date=30 May 2014 | publisher=Cornell University Press }}</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20170724104801/http://revista22online.ro/58046/.html</ref> In 1992, the Union had around 4 million supporters, and the PUNR formed electoral coalitions with Iliescu's [[Democratic National Salvation Front]] in several Transylvanian counties for the [[1992 Romanian local election|1992 election]].<ref>{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=m_AcqFSfvzAC&pg=PA213 | title=Ethnic Politics in Eastern Europe: A Guide to Nationality Policies, Organizations, and Parties | publisher=M.E. Sharpe | isbn=978-0-7656-1911-2 }}</ref> PUNR was part of the [[Red Pentagon|political coalition]] that governed Romania between 1992 and 1996.


==See also==
==See also==
* [[Ethnic clashes of Târgu Mureș]]
* [[Ethnic clashes of Târgu Mureș]]
* [[Red Pentagon]]


==References==
==References==

Latest revision as of 02:20, 9 December 2024

Romanian Hearth Union
Uniunea Vatra Românească
FormationFebruary 1990[1]
TypeNGO
Region served
Romania

The Romanian Hearth Union[2][3] or Romanian Hearth Federation[4] (Romanian: Uniunea Vatra Românească) is a far-right nationalist movement[5] and civic organization,[2] founded in Târgu Mureș in 1990.[4]

One of the founding members of the Hearth Union was Ion Iliescu.[6][7] The main purpose of the organization is to save Romanians "hunted down in their own country" from the Hungarians viewed as "hordes plaguing humanity".[4] The emergence of the "Romanian Hearth" was helped by ex-Securitate officers.[4] The organization has been described by various sources as quasi-fascist,[8] radical nationalist,[4] xenophobic ultra-nationalist,[9] anti-Hungarian[10] and anti-Semitic.[11] It was associated with the former political party of Romanian National Unity Party (PUNR),[4] but had also ties to the Social Democracy Party of Romania (PDSR),[12] Greater Romania Party (PRM) and the Democratic Agrarian Party of Romania (PDAR).[13]

The Union received support from the then-ruling National Salvation Front and president Iliescu, hoping to increase the popularity of the front in the area of Transylvania.[14][15] In 1992, the Union had around 4 million supporters, and the PUNR formed electoral coalitions with Iliescu's Democratic National Salvation Front in several Transylvanian counties for the 1992 election.[16] PUNR was part of the political coalition that governed Romania between 1992 and 1996.

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Valentin Borda. Vatra Românească
  2. ^ a b "Romania". International Religious Freedom Report 2007. United States Department of State. Archived from the original on 2019-05-27. Retrieved 2019-05-27.
  3. ^ George W. White, Nationalism and Territory: Constructing Group Identity in Southeastern Europe, Rowman & Littlefield, 2000, p. 161
  4. ^ a b c d e f Mihaela Mihailescu, Dampening the Powder Keg: The Role of Democratic Oppositions in Fostering Ethnic Peace in Post-Communist Romania and Slovakia, ProQuest, 2006, pp. 116-117
  5. ^ Harden, Blaine (1990-03-21). "Hungary protests Romanian mob action". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on 2017-07-22. Retrieved 2017-07-22.
  6. ^ "Iliescu da vina pe maghiari pentru conflictul de la Targu Mures - HotNews.ro". 25 March 2005.
  7. ^ http://www.edrc.ro/docs/docs/extremism_ro/04_extremism_ro_003.pdf
  8. ^ Gale Stokes, The Walls Came Tumbling Down: The Collapse of Communism in Eastern Europe, Oxford University Press, 1993, p. 174
  9. ^ Robert Bideleux, Ian Jeffries, The Balkans: A Post-Communist History, Routledge, 2007, p. 144
  10. ^ Juliana Geran Pilon, The Bloody Flag: Post-Communist Nationalism in Eastern Europe : Spotlight on Romania , Transaction Publishers, 1982, p. 67
  11. ^ Joseph F. Harrington, American-Romanian Relations, 1989-2004: From Pariah To Partner, East European Monographs, 2004, p. 34
  12. ^ "BJCT |".
  13. ^ "Partidul Vatra Românească – Comunicat | Lista Națională".
  14. ^ Jenne, Erin K. (30 May 2014). Ethnic Bargaining: The Paradox of Minority Empowerment. Cornell University Press. ISBN 978-0-8014-7179-7.
  15. ^ https://web.archive.org/web/20170724104801/http://revista22online.ro/58046/.html
  16. ^ Ethnic Politics in Eastern Europe: A Guide to Nationality Policies, Organizations, and Parties. M.E. Sharpe. ISBN 978-0-7656-1911-2.
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