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{{Short description|Russian chemist}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2015}}
{{Infobox scientist
{{Infobox scientist
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|alma_mater = [[University of Moscow]]
|alma_mater = [[University of Moscow]]
|doctoral_advisor =
|doctoral_advisor =
|doctoral_students =
|doctoral_students = [[Vyacheslav Lebedinsky]]
|known_for = [[Chugaev reaction]]
|known_for = [[Chugaev reaction]]
|footnotes =
|footnotes =
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|prizes =
|prizes =
|religion =
|religion =
}}'''Lev Aleksandrovich Chugaev''' (16 October 1873 – 26 September 1922) was a Russian chemist. At the height of his career, he was professor of chemistry at the University of Petersburg, being the successor to [[Mendeleev]]. He was active in the fields of [[inorganic chemistry]], especially [[platinum group]] [[Complex (chemistry)|complexes]], as well as organic chemistry.<ref>{{cite journal|author=Kauffman, G. B. |title=Terpenes to Platinum: The Chemical Career of Lev Aleksandrovich Chugaev|doi=10.1021/ed040p656|journal= J. Chem. Educ.|year= 1963| volume =40|pages=656–665}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|author=Kauffman, G. B.|title=A Russian Pioneer in Platinum Metals Research The Life and Work of Lev Aleksandrovich Chugaev|url=http://www.technology.matthey.com/pdf/pmr-v17-i4-144-148.pdf|journal= Platinum Metals Rev.|year= 1973|volume=17|pages= 144–148}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal
}}'''Lev Aleksandrovich Chugaev''' ([[Russian language|Russian]]: Лев Алекса́ндрович Чуга́ев''';''' 16 October 1873 – 26 September 1922) was a chemist from the Russian Empire. At the height of his career, he was professor of chemistry at the University of Petersburg, being the successor to [[Dmitri Mendeleev]]. He was active in the fields of [[inorganic chemistry]], especially [[platinum group]] [[Complex (chemistry)|complexes]], as well as organic chemistry.<ref>{{cite journal|author=Kauffman, G. B. |title=Terpenes to Platinum: The Chemical Career of Lev Aleksandrovich Chugaev|doi=10.1021/ed040p656|journal= J. Chem. Educ.|year= 1963| volume =40|issue=12|pages=656–665|bibcode=1963JChEd..40..656K}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|author=Kauffman, G. B.|title=A Russian Pioneer in Platinum Metals Research The Life and Work of Lev Aleksandrovich Chugaev|url=http://www.technology.matthey.com/pdf/pmr-v17-i4-144-148.pdf|journal=Platinum Metals Rev.|year=1973|volume=17|pages=144–148|access-date=30 June 2015|archive-date=4 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304062620/http://www.technology.matthey.com/pdf/pmr-v17-i4-144-148.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal
| title = Obituary notices: Frederick James Lloyd, 1852–1922; Georg Lunge, 1839–1923; Alexander Smith, 1865–1922; Jokichi Takamine, 1855–1922; Leo Alexandrovitsch Tschugaev, 1873–1922; Frank Edwin Weston, 1867–1923
| title = Obituary notices: Frederick James Lloyd, 1852–1922; Georg Lunge, 1839–1923; Alexander Smith, 1865–1922; Jokichi Takamine, 1855–1922; Leo Alexandrovitsch Tschugaev, 1873–1922; Frank Edwin Weston, 1867–1923
|author1=J. A. Voelcker |author2=A. Harden |author3=T. M. Lowry |author4=Percival J. Fryer | journal = [[J. Chem. Soc., Trans.]]
|author1=[[J. A. Voelcker]] |author2=[[Arthur Harden|A. Harden]] |author3=T. M. Lowry |author4=Percival J. Fryer | journal = [[J. Chem. Soc., Trans.]]
| volume = 123
| volume = 123
| pages = 946–959
| pages = 946–959
| year = 1923
| year = 1923
| doi = 10.1039/CT9232300946}}</ref> He is also known as Leo Aleksandrovich Tschugaeff or Tschugaev.
| doi = 10.1039/CT9232300946}} [https://books.google.com/books?id=pCZLAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA956 online text for pages 956–958]</ref> He is also known as Leo Aleksandrovich Tschugaeff or Tschugaev.


==Contributions to coordination chemistry==
==Contributions to coordination chemistry==
Chugaev discovered that [[dimethylglyoxime]] forms a scarlet solid upon reaction with nickel(II) ions. This reaction was one of the first "spot tests" for a metal ion. An adherent to the theories of [[Alfred Werner]], Chugaev made several contributions to the chemistry of platinum. The salt [Pt(NH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>5</sub>Cl]Cl<sub>3</sub> containing the chloropentammineplatinum(IV) ion, is called "Chugaev's salt".<ref>{{cite journal|author1=Yusenko, K.V. |author2=Zadesenets, A.V. |author3=Baidina, I.A. |author4=Shubin, Yu.V. |author5=Vasil'chenko, D.B. |author6=Korenev, S. V. |title=Re-determination of the crystal structure and investigation of thermal decomposition of Chugaev's salt, (Pt(NH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>5</sub>Cl)Cl<sub>3</sub>·(H<sub>2</sub>O)|doi=10.1007/s10947-006-0362-0|journal= Zhurnal Strukturnoi Khimii |year=2006| volume =47|pages=749–753}}</ref> Other complexes prepared in his laboratory include [Pt([[Diethyl sulfide|SEt<sub>2</sub>]])<sub>4</sub>][PtCl<sub>4</sub>], [Pt(NH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>5</sub>OH]Cl<sub>3</sub>, [Os([[thiourea|SC(NH<sub>2</sub>)<sub>2</sub>]])<sub>6</sub>]Cl<sub>3</sub><sup>.</sup>H<sub>2</sub>O.
Chugaev discovered that [[dimethylglyoxime]] forms a scarlet solid upon reaction with nickel(II) ions. This reaction was one of the first "spot tests" for a metal ion. An adherent to the theories of [[Alfred Werner]], Chugaev made several contributions to the chemistry of platinum. The salt [Pt(NH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>5</sub>Cl]Cl<sub>3</sub> containing the chloropentammineplatinum(IV) ion, is called "Chugaev's salt".<ref>{{cite journal|author1=Yusenko, K.V. |author2=Zadesenets, A.V. |author3=Baidina, I.A. |author4=Shubin, Yu.V. |author5=Vasil'chenko, D.B. |author6=Korenev, S. V. |title=Re-determination of the crystal structure and investigation of thermal decomposition of Chugaev's salt, (Pt(NH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>5</sub>Cl)Cl<sub>3</sub>·(H<sub>2</sub>O)|doi=10.1007/s10947-006-0362-0|journal= Zhurnal Strukturnoi Khimii |year=2006| volume =47|pages=749–753|s2cid=95853330 }}</ref> Other complexes prepared in his laboratory include [Pt([[Diethyl sulfide|SEt<sub>2</sub>]])<sub>4</sub>][PtCl<sub>4</sub>], [Pt(NH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>5</sub>OH]Cl<sub>3</sub>, [Os([[thiourea|SC(NH<sub>2</sub>)<sub>2</sub>]])<sub>6</sub>]Cl<sub>3</sub><sup>.</sup>H<sub>2</sub>O.


Chugaev also studied complexes of [[hydrazine]]. One of his complexes, since also called Chugaev's salt, was the product of the reaction of platinum(II) salts with [[methyl isocyanide]] and hydrazine.<ref>{{cite journal|author=Chugaev, L. |author2=Skanavy Grigorieva, M. |author3=Posniak, A. |title=Über Die Hydrazin-Carbylamin-Komplexe des Platins|journal= Z. anorg. allgem. Chem.|year= 1925|volume=148|pages=37–42| doi=10.1002/zaac.19251480105}}</ref> After many decades, this compound was shown to be a carbene complex, probably the first metal carbene complex ever reported.<ref>{{cite journal|author=Rouschias, G. |author2=Shaw, B. L. |title=A revised structure for Chugaev's salt [PtC<sub>8</sub>H<sub>15</sub>N<sub>6</sub>]<sub>x</sub>Cl<sub>x</sub>|journal= J. Chem. Soc. D|year= 1970|pages= 183–183.|doi=10.1039/C29700000183}}</ref>
Chugaev also studied complexes of [[hydrazine]]. One of his complexes, since also called Chugaev's salt, was the product of the reaction of platinum(II) salts with [[methyl isocyanide]] and hydrazine.<ref>{{cite journal|author=Chugaev, L. |author2=Skanavy Grigorieva, M. |author3=Posniak, A. |title=Über Die Hydrazin-Carbylamin-Komplexe des Platins|journal= Z. Anorg. Allg. Chem.|year= 1925|volume=148|pages=37–42| doi=10.1002/zaac.19251480105}}</ref> After many decades, this compound was shown to be a carbene complex, probably the first metal carbene complex ever reported.<ref>{{cite journal|author=Rouschias, G. |author2=Shaw, B. L. |title=A revised structure for Chugaev's salt [PtC<sub>8</sub>H<sub>15</sub>N<sub>6</sub>]<sub>x</sub>Cl<sub>x</sub>|journal= J. Chem. Soc. D|year= 1970|issue=3 |pages= 183|doi=10.1039/C29700000183}}</ref>


==Contributions to organic chemistry==
==Contributions to organic chemistry==
He discovered the [[Chugaev reaction]] during his work on [[thujene]] an [[terpene]].
He discovered the [[Chugaev reaction]] during his work on [[thujene]] and [[terpene]].


==References==
==References==
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[[Category:1873 births]]
[[Category:1873 births]]
[[Category:1922 deaths]]
[[Category:1922 deaths]]
[[Category:People from Moscow]]
[[Category:Scientists from Moscow]]
[[Category:Deaths from typhoid fever]]
[[Category:Deaths from typhoid fever]]
[[Category:Imperial Russian chemists]]
[[Category:Chemists from the Russian Empire]]
[[Category:Imperial Russian inventors]]
[[Category:Inventors from the Russian Empire]]
[[Category:Lenin Prize winners]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Lenin Prize]]
[[Category:Russian biochemists]]
[[Category:Biochemists from the Russian Empire]]
[[Category:Academic staff of Saint Petersburg State University]]

[[Category:Graduates of the 4th Moscow Gymnasium]]

{{Russia-chemist-stub}}

Latest revision as of 18:42, 7 December 2024

Lev Aleksandrovich Chugaev
Born(1873-10-16)16 October 1873
Moscow, Russian Empire
Died26 September 1922(1922-09-26) (aged 48)
Gryazovets, Russia (RSFSR)
Alma materUniversity of Moscow
Known forChugaev reaction
Scientific career
InstitutionsUniversity of Moscow,
University of Saint Petersburg
Doctoral studentsVyacheslav Lebedinsky

Lev Aleksandrovich Chugaev (Russian: Лев Алекса́ндрович Чуга́ев; 16 October 1873 – 26 September 1922) was a chemist from the Russian Empire. At the height of his career, he was professor of chemistry at the University of Petersburg, being the successor to Dmitri Mendeleev. He was active in the fields of inorganic chemistry, especially platinum group complexes, as well as organic chemistry.[1][2][3] He is also known as Leo Aleksandrovich Tschugaeff or Tschugaev.

Contributions to coordination chemistry

[edit]

Chugaev discovered that dimethylglyoxime forms a scarlet solid upon reaction with nickel(II) ions. This reaction was one of the first "spot tests" for a metal ion. An adherent to the theories of Alfred Werner, Chugaev made several contributions to the chemistry of platinum. The salt [Pt(NH3)5Cl]Cl3 containing the chloropentammineplatinum(IV) ion, is called "Chugaev's salt".[4] Other complexes prepared in his laboratory include [Pt(SEt2)4][PtCl4], [Pt(NH3)5OH]Cl3, [Os(SC(NH2)2)6]Cl3.H2O.

Chugaev also studied complexes of hydrazine. One of his complexes, since also called Chugaev's salt, was the product of the reaction of platinum(II) salts with methyl isocyanide and hydrazine.[5] After many decades, this compound was shown to be a carbene complex, probably the first metal carbene complex ever reported.[6]

Contributions to organic chemistry

[edit]

He discovered the Chugaev reaction during his work on thujene and terpene.

References

[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Lev Chugaev.
  1. ^ Kauffman, G. B. (1963). "Terpenes to Platinum: The Chemical Career of Lev Aleksandrovich Chugaev". J. Chem. Educ. 40 (12): 656–665. Bibcode:1963JChEd..40..656K. doi:10.1021/ed040p656.
  2. ^ Kauffman, G. B. (1973). "A Russian Pioneer in Platinum Metals Research The Life and Work of Lev Aleksandrovich Chugaev" (PDF). Platinum Metals Rev. 17: 144–148. Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 30 June 2015.
  3. ^ J. A. Voelcker; A. Harden; T. M. Lowry; Percival J. Fryer (1923). "Obituary notices: Frederick James Lloyd, 1852–1922; Georg Lunge, 1839–1923; Alexander Smith, 1865–1922; Jokichi Takamine, 1855–1922; Leo Alexandrovitsch Tschugaev, 1873–1922; Frank Edwin Weston, 1867–1923". J. Chem. Soc., Trans. 123: 946–959. doi:10.1039/CT9232300946. online text for pages 956–958
  4. ^ Yusenko, K.V.; Zadesenets, A.V.; Baidina, I.A.; Shubin, Yu.V.; Vasil'chenko, D.B.; Korenev, S. V. (2006). "Re-determination of the crystal structure and investigation of thermal decomposition of Chugaev's salt, (Pt(NH3)5Cl)Cl3·(H2O)". Zhurnal Strukturnoi Khimii. 47: 749–753. doi:10.1007/s10947-006-0362-0. S2CID 95853330.
  5. ^ Chugaev, L.; Skanavy Grigorieva, M.; Posniak, A. (1925). "Über Die Hydrazin-Carbylamin-Komplexe des Platins". Z. Anorg. Allg. Chem. 148: 37–42. doi:10.1002/zaac.19251480105.
  6. ^ Rouschias, G.; Shaw, B. L. (1970). "A revised structure for Chugaev's salt [PtC8H15N6]xClx". J. Chem. Soc. D (3): 183. doi:10.1039/C29700000183.
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