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#redirect [[Percolozoa]] |
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{{short description|Class of Percolozoa}} |
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{{R taxon with possibilities}} |
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{{Automatic taxobox |
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{{R from subtopic}} |
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| image = Naegleria (formes) en.png |
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| image_caption = The three different stages of ''[[Naegleria fowleri|N. fowleri]]'' |
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| taxon = Heterolobosea |
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| authority = Page & Blanton 1985 |
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| subdivision_ranks = Orders |
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| subdivision = |
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* [[Schizopyrenida]] |
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* [[Acrasida]] <br> <small>Schröter 1886</small> |
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* [[Naegleriida]] <br> <small>Starobogatov 1980</small> |
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* [[Tetramitida]] <br> <small>Doweld 2001</small> |
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* [[Creneida]] <br> <small>Cavalier-Smith 2021</small> |
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* [[Percolomonadida]] <br> <small>Cavalier-Smith 1993</small> |
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|synonyms = |
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}} |
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'''Heterolobosea''' are a class of [[Percolozoa]]. The only member of this group that is infectious to humans is ''[[Naegleria fowleri]]'', the causative agent of the often fatal disease amoebic meningitis. Typically, their life cycle alternates between flagellate and amoeboid stages. |
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[[Category:Discoba classes]] |
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==Etymology== |
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{{emptysection|date=November 2024}} |
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==Life Cycle== |
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{{emptysection|date=November 2024}} |
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==Characteristics== |
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[[File:2023 Heterolobosean.svg|right|thumb|upright=2|{{center|'''Representation of a heterolobosean'''}}{{ordered list|Eruptive [[Pseudopodia|pseudopod]]| |
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[[Ectoplasm (cell biology)|Ectoplasm]]| |
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Endoplasm| |
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[[Phagosome]] with prey| |
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[[Mitochondria|Mitochondrion]], creates [[Adenosine triphosphate|ATP]] (energy) for the cell (distoid cristae)| |
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[[Lysosome]], holds enzymes| |
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[[Food vacuole|Digestive vacuoles]] with prey| |
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Smooth [[endoplasmic reticulum]], the transport network for molecules going to specific parts of the cell| |
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[[Golgi apparatus]], modifies [[protein]]s and sends them out of the cell (reduced)| |
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[[Nucleolus]]| |
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[[Cell nucleus|Nucleus]]| |
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Rough endoplasmic reticulum| |
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[[Contractile vacuole]], regulates the quantity of water inside a cell| |
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Uroid}}]] |
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==Phylogeny== |
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{{emptysection|date=November 2024}} |
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==Taxonomy== |
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These are collectively referred to as schizopyrenids, amoeboflagellates, or vahlkampfids. They also include the acrasids, a group of social amoebae that aggregate to form [[sporangium|sporangia]]. The entire group is usually called the '''Heterolobosea''', but this may be restricted to members with amoeboid stages. |
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One Heterolobosea classification system is:<ref name="urlHeterolobosea">{{cite web |url=http://tolweb.org/Heterolobosea/96360 |title=Heterolobosea |access-date=2009-03-25}}</ref> |
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* Order [[Schizopyrenida]] |
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** Family [[Vahlkampfiidae]] |
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** Family [[Gruberellidae]] |
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* Order [[Acrasida]] |
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** Family [[Acrasidae]] |
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''Pleurostomum flabellatum'' has recently been added to Heterolobosea.<ref name="pmid17576098">{{cite journal |vauthors=Park JS, Simpson AG, Lee WJ, Cho BC |title=Ultrastructure and phylogenetic placement within Heterolobosea of the previously unclassified, extremely halophilic heterotrophic flagellate ''Pleurostomum flabellatum'' (Ruinen 1938) |journal=Protist |volume=158 |issue=3 |pages=397–413 |date=July 2007 |pmid=17576098 |doi=10.1016/j.protis.2007.03.004 }}</ref> |
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===Full Taxonomy === |
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* Subphylum Tetramitia <small>Cavalier-Smith 1993 em. Cavalier-Smith 2008</small> |
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** Class Heterolobosea <small>Page & Blanton 1985</small> |
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*** Order [[Acrasida]] <small>Schröter 1886</small> |
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**** Family [[Acrasidae]] <small>van Tieghem 1880 ex Hartog 1906</small> |
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***** Genus ''[[Acrasis]]'' <small>van Tieghem 1880</small> |
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***** Genus ''[[Allovahlkampfia]]'' <small>Walochnik & Mulec 2009</small> |
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***** Genus ''[[Pocheina]]'' <small>Loeblich & Tappan 1961</small> [''[[Guttulina]]'' <small>Cienkowski 1873 non D'Orbigny 1839</small>] |
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***** Genus ''[[Solumitrus]]'' <small>Wang et al. 2011</small> |
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*** Order Naegleriida <small>Starobogatov 1980</small> |
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**** Genus ''[[Marinamoeba]]'' <small>De Jonckheere et al. 2009</small> |
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**** Family Tulamoebidae <small>Kirby et al. 2015</small> |
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***** Genus ''[[Aurem]]'' <small>Jhin & Park 2018</small> |
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***** Genus ''[[Pleurostomum]]'' <small>Namyslowski 1913</small> |
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***** Genus ''[[Tulamoeba]]'' <small>Park et al. 2009</small> |
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**** Family Naegleriidae <small>Kudo 1954</small> [Schizopyrenidae <small>Singh 1951 ex Singh 1952</small>; Bistadiidae <small>Doflein 1916</small>] |
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***** Genus ''[[Naegleria]]'' <small>Aléxéieff 1912</small> [''[[Adelphamoeba]]'' <small>Napolitano, Wall & Ganz 1970</small>; ''Didascalus'' <small>Singh 1952</small>; ''Schizopyrenus'' <small>Singh 1951 ex Singh 1952</small>] |
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***** Genus ''[[Willaertia]]'' <small>de Jonckheere et al. 1984</small> |
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*** Order Tetramitida <small>Doweld 2001</small> |
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**** Family [[Vahlkampfiidae]] <small>Jollos 1917 s.s.</small> |
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***** Genus ''[[Tetramitus]]'' <small>Perty 1852</small> [''Copromastix'' <small>Aragao 1916</small>; ''[[Learamoeba]]'' <small>Sawyer et al. 1998</small>, ''[[Paratetramitus]]'' <small>Darbyshire, Page & Goodfellow 1976</small>, ''Singhamoeba'' <small>Sawyer, Nerad & Munson 1992</small>] |
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***** Genus ''[[Vahlkampfia]]'' <small>Chatton & LaLung-Bonnaire 1912</small> [''Guttulidium'' <small>Frenzel 1892</small>] |
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*** Order Creneida <small>Cavalier-Smith 2021</small> |
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**** Family Creneidae <small>Pánek et al. 2014</small> |
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***** Genus ''[[Creneis (genus)|Creneis]]'' <small>Pánek et al. 2014</small> |
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*** Order Percolomonadida <small>Cavalier-Smith 1993</small> |
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**** Family Barbeliidae <small>Arndt 2023</small> |
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***** Genus ''[[Barbelia]]'' <small>Arndt 2021</small> |
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***** Genus ''[[Nonamonas]]'' <small>Hohlfeld, Meyer & Arndt 2023</small> |
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**** Family Lulidae <small>Hohlfeld & Arndt 2023</small> |
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***** Genus ''[[Lula (protist)|Lula]]'' <small>Arndt, Nitsche & Carduck 2021</small> |
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**** Family [[Percolomonadidae]] <small>Cavalier-Smith 1993</small> [Choanogasteraceae] |
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***** Genus ''[[Percolomonas]]'' <small>Fenchel & Patterson 1986</small> [''Choanogaster'' <small>Pochmann 1959</small>] |
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**** Family [[Stephanopogonidae]] <small>Corliss 1961</small> |
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***** Genus ''[[Nakurumonas]]'' <small>Carduck, Nitsche & Arndt 2021</small> |
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***** Genus ''[[Stephanopogon]]'' <small>Entz 1884</small> |
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==References== |
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{{Reflist}} |
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==External links== |
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* [http://tolweb.org/Heterolobosea/96360 Tree of Life Heterolobosea] |
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{{Eukaryota classification}} |
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{{Excavata}} |
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{{Taxonbar|from=Q510333}} |
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[[Category:Percolozoa| ]] |
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[[Category:Bikont phyla]] |
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{{excavata-stub}} |
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Latest revision as of 05:59, 7 December 2024
| Heterolobosea | |
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_en.png)
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| The three different stages of N. fowleri | |
Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Phylum: | Percolozoa |
| Class: | Heterolobosea Page & Blanton 1985 |
| Orders | |
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Heterolobosea are a class of Percolozoa. The only member of this group that is infectious to humans is Naegleria fowleri, the causative agent of the often fatal disease amoebic meningitis. Typically, their life cycle alternates between flagellate and amoeboid stages.
Etymology
[edit]![[icon]](/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg){kind=small} | This section is empty. You can help by adding to it. (November 2024) |
Life Cycle
[edit] | This section is empty. You can help by adding to it. (November 2024) |
Characteristics
[edit]
Representation of a heterolobosean
- Eruptive pseudopod
- Ectoplasm
- Endoplasm
- Phagosome with prey
- Mitochondrion, creates ATP (energy) for the cell (distoid cristae)
- Lysosome, holds enzymes
- Digestive vacuoles with prey
- Smooth endoplasmic reticulum, the transport network for molecules going to specific parts of the cell
- Golgi apparatus, modifies proteins and sends them out of the cell (reduced)
- Nucleolus
- Nucleus
- Rough endoplasmic reticulum
- Contractile vacuole, regulates the quantity of water inside a cell
- Uroid
Phylogeny
[edit] | This section is empty. You can help by adding to it. (November 2024) |
Taxonomy
[edit]These are collectively referred to as schizopyrenids, amoeboflagellates, or vahlkampfids. They also include the acrasids, a group of social amoebae that aggregate to form sporangia. The entire group is usually called the Heterolobosea, but this may be restricted to members with amoeboid stages.
One Heterolobosea classification system is:[1]
- Order Schizopyrenida
- Family Vahlkampfiidae
- Family Gruberellidae
- Order Acrasida
- Family Acrasidae
Pleurostomum flabellatum has recently been added to Heterolobosea.[2]
Full Taxonomy
[edit]- Subphylum Tetramitia Cavalier-Smith 1993 em. Cavalier-Smith 2008
- Class Heterolobosea Page & Blanton 1985
- Order Acrasida Schröter 1886
- Family Acrasidae van Tieghem 1880 ex Hartog 1906
- Genus Acrasis van Tieghem 1880
- Genus Allovahlkampfia Walochnik & Mulec 2009
- Genus Pocheina Loeblich & Tappan 1961 [Guttulina Cienkowski 1873 non D'Orbigny 1839]
- Genus Solumitrus Wang et al. 2011
- Family Acrasidae van Tieghem 1880 ex Hartog 1906
- Order Naegleriida Starobogatov 1980
- Genus Marinamoeba De Jonckheere et al. 2009
- Family Tulamoebidae Kirby et al. 2015
- Genus Aurem Jhin & Park 2018
- Genus Pleurostomum Namyslowski 1913
- Genus Tulamoeba Park et al. 2009
- Family Naegleriidae Kudo 1954 [Schizopyrenidae Singh 1951 ex Singh 1952; Bistadiidae Doflein 1916]
- Genus Naegleria Aléxéieff 1912 [Adelphamoeba Napolitano, Wall & Ganz 1970; Didascalus Singh 1952; Schizopyrenus Singh 1951 ex Singh 1952]
- Genus Willaertia de Jonckheere et al. 1984
- Order Tetramitida Doweld 2001
- Family Vahlkampfiidae Jollos 1917 s.s.
- Genus Tetramitus Perty 1852 [Copromastix Aragao 1916; Learamoeba Sawyer et al. 1998, Paratetramitus Darbyshire, Page & Goodfellow 1976, Singhamoeba Sawyer, Nerad & Munson 1992]
- Genus Vahlkampfia Chatton & LaLung-Bonnaire 1912 [Guttulidium Frenzel 1892]
- Family Vahlkampfiidae Jollos 1917 s.s.
- Order Creneida Cavalier-Smith 2021
- Family Creneidae Pánek et al. 2014
- Genus Creneis Pánek et al. 2014
- Family Creneidae Pánek et al. 2014
- Order Percolomonadida Cavalier-Smith 1993
- Family Barbeliidae Arndt 2023
- Family Lulidae Hohlfeld & Arndt 2023
- Genus Lula Arndt, Nitsche & Carduck 2021
- Family Percolomonadidae Cavalier-Smith 1993 [Choanogasteraceae]
- Genus Percolomonas Fenchel & Patterson 1986 [Choanogaster Pochmann 1959]
- Family Stephanopogonidae Corliss 1961
- Genus Nakurumonas Carduck, Nitsche & Arndt 2021
- Genus Stephanopogon Entz 1884
- Order Acrasida Schröter 1886
- Class Heterolobosea Page & Blanton 1985
References
[edit]- ^ "Heterolobosea". Retrieved 2009-03-25.
- ^ Park JS, Simpson AG, Lee WJ, Cho BC (July 2007). "Ultrastructure and phylogenetic placement within Heterolobosea of the previously unclassified, extremely halophilic heterotrophic flagellate Pleurostomum flabellatum (Ruinen 1938)". Protist. 158 (3): 397–413. doi:10.1016/j.protis.2007.03.004. PMID 17576098.
External links
[edit] | This Excavata-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. |